3^6 



SECOND EDITION-APRIL, 1891 



Cable Address: " Nymerab, Newyork.' 



Strictly Private. For Patent Solicitors only. 



CHARGES 



^ GENERAL INFORMATION 

Pq 'RELATING TO 

'patents, 



INCLUDING AI,L THE 



2 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES 



OF THE 



O 

w 

o WORLD. 

^ —7- -o^- 





WlB^ RICHARDS & CO., 
INTERNATIONAL PATENT SOLICITORS, 
38, Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 



Entered according? to Act of Congress, in the year i8gi, by Richards & Co., 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, 



TO PATENT SOLICITORS, 



WE desire to call jour attention to the fact, that we devote ourselves 
exclusively to the transaction of foreign business for Patent 
Solicitors. We neither solicit nor receive orders from inventors. 
"We have direct agencies and correspondents in almost every country in 
the world that grants patent and trade-mark protection, and are prepared 
to attend to all manner of work in this line. 

We respectfully solicit your orders, and j)romise you promptness, 
fidelity and despatch in the transaction of any business that you may 
entrust to us. 

Re/ Service. — Our agents have been selected with the utmost care, 
and are, in every instance, the best and most reliable we have been able 
to find in their respective countries, and we can vouch for the proper 
and careful treatment of applications that they may prosecute. 

Re/ Changes. — We believe you will find our charges moderate and 
satisfactory. We are aware that in some instances our charges are some- 
what higher than those we have seen quoted by other agents. They are, 
however, as low as can be given and the best class of work secured. 

Re/ Documents, Powees of Attorney, Etc. — We have in print 
l^lank powers of attorney for the principal foreisrn countries, which we 
furnish to Patent Solicitors without charge. We are always glad to 
advise and assist our clients in the preparation of any documents for 
foreign applications. 

RICHARDS & CO. 

38, Broadway, Nkw York, U. S. A. \ "5^X 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

ABYSSINIA 9 

ADEN, BRITISH ARABIA. Also see 

India 9 

AFGHANISTAN 9 

ALGERIA. SeeFrance 9 

Amendment of Specifications 7 

ANDAMANS ISLANDS. See India. 
ANGFILLA. See Leeward Islands. 
ANTIGUA. See Lee-w^ard Islands. 

Applications, Preparation of. . ; 5 

" Execution OF 5 

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC 10-13 

Assignments, Printed forms for 6 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 13, 13 

AUSTRALIA. See New South Wales, 
Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, 
Victoria and Western Australia. 
AZORES ISLANDS. See Portugal. 

BAHAMA ISLANDS 14-16 

BALEARIC ISLANDS. See Spain. 

BARBADOES 16-18 

BELGIUM 18-30 

BERMUDA 30 

BOHEMIA. See Austria. 

BOLIVIA 30,31 

BOSNIA. See Austria. 

BRAZIL 31-33 

BRITISH BURMAH. See India. 
BRITISH COLUMBIA. See Canada. 

BRITISH GUIANA 23-35 

BRITISH HONDURAS 36-38 

BRITISH NORTH BORNEO 38 

Calendar, 300-year 156 

Calendar, Greek and RtrssiAcf 157 

Calendar, Mohammedan 157 

CAMBODIA. See France. 

CANADA 39-33 

CANARY ISLANDS. See Spain. 
CAPE COLONY; CAPE OF GOOD HOPE 33-34 
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. See Portugal. 
CAUCASUS, THE. See Russia. 

Caveats 7 

CEYLON 35,36 

CHANNEL ISLANDS 37 

Charges, General Information AS TO 5-8 
" Condensed Tables of. . . 147-153, 160 

CHILI 37,38 

CHINA 38 

CISLEITHANIA. See Austria. 
COCHIN CHINA. See France. 

COLOMBIA 39,40 

Comjiunicated Inventions, Patents 

FOR 8 

Compulsory Licenses 8 

Confirmation of Invalid Patents 8 

CONGO FREE STATE 40,41 

Copies of Patents 7 

Copying of Documents 5 

COREA 41 

Corporations, Execution of Docu- 
ments by 5 

CORSICA. See France. 

COSTARICA 41 

CUBA. AlsoseeSpaln 43 



PAGE. 

CYPRUS 43 

DANISH WEST INDIES 43 

DENMARK 43 

DOMINICA. See Leeward Islands 
Drawings, Table of Requirements 

AS TO 153, 153 

Drawings, Preparation of 5 

DUTCH EAST INDIES 44 

DUTCH GUIANA 44 

DUTCH WEST INDIES 44 

ECUADOR 44,45 

EGYPT 45 

Execution of Documents 5 

Extra Translations, Tables Showing 

Cost of 150, 151 

FALKLAND ISLANDS 45,46 

FAROEISLANDS , 46 

FIJI ISLANDS 46,47 

FINLAND 48, 49 

Forms, Printed 6 

FRANCE o. 49-51 

FRENCH GUIANA. See France. 

GAMBIA 53 

GERMANY 53-54 

GIBRALTAR 55 

GOLD COAST COLONY...... 55 

GREAT BRITAIN 55-59 

GREECE 60 

Greek & Russian Calendar 157 

GRENADA 60 

GUADELOUPE. See France. 

GUATEMALA 60,61 

HAW AIL... 63,63 

HAYTI 63,64 

HERZEGOVINA. See Austria. 
HOLLAND. See Netherlands. 

HONDURAS 64 

HONGKONG 64rS6 

HUNGARY. See Austria-Hungary. 

ICELAND 66 

Importation of Patented Articles 6 

Inch & Metrical Rules 154 

INDIA 66-69 

INTERNATIONAL UNION 145, 146 

Invalid Patents Confirmation of 8 

Issue days in U. S. Patent Office, 

Table of 155 

ITALY 70-73 

ISLE OF MAN. See Great Britain. 

JAMAICA 73-74 

JAPAN 74 

JAVA 75 

KEEWATIN. See Canada. 
LABRADOR. See Canada & Newfound- 
land. 
LACCADIVES ISLANDS. See India. 

LAGOS 75 

LA RE-UNION. See France. 

LEEWARD ISLANDS 75, 76 

Licenses, Compulsory 8 

LIBERIA 77 

LUXEMBOURG 78,79 

MADAGASCAR 79 

MADEIRA ISLANDS. See Portugal. 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

MALACCA. See Straits Settlements. 

MAT, TA 79,80 

MAXITOBA. See Canada. 

iMARKXN'G OF PATENTED ARTICLES 6 

MABQUESAS ISLANDS. See France. 
3LA.KTINIQrE. See Fi-ance. 

MAT7RITIUS 81,83 

Measures and "Weights, Table or 

(English) 158-160 

Measures and Weights, Table or 

(Metrical) 154 

Metrical and Inch Eules 154 

jMEXICO 82,83 

Models, Requirkments 6 

mohaiexiedan calendar 157 

MOXACO 83 

MOXTEXEGRO 84 

MOXTSEERAT. See Leeward Islands. 

MOROCCO 84 

MICQUELOX. See France. 

XATAL 84,85 

XETHERLAXDS 85 

XEVIS. See Leeward Islands. 
XEW BRUXSWICK. See Canada. 
XEAY CALEDOXLl. See France. 

XEWFOUXDLAXD 86,87 

XEW GREXADA. See Colombia. 

XEW SOUTH ^VALES 88-91 

XEW ZEALAXD 92-94 

XICOBAKS ISLAX'DS. See India. 

X^CARAGUA 4 

XORWAT 94r-96 

XOVA SCOTIA. See Canada. 
OXTARIO. See Canada. 

Opinions 7 

ORAXGE FREE STATE 96-99 

PAXA:MA. See Colombia. 

PARAGUAY 99 

Patented Articles, Importation of. . . 6 

" " JVlARKiNG of 6 

Patents, Copies of 7 

" FOR COMilUNICATED INVEN- 
TIONS 8 

" Provisional 7 

" Confirmation OF LfVALiD 8 

PENAXG. See Straits Settlements. 

PERSIA 99 

PERU 100,101 

PHILIPPIXE ISLAXDS. Also see Spain. 101 

Photo-lithographs of Drawings 5 

POLAXD. See Russia. 

PORTO RICO. Also see Spain 101 

PORTUGAL , 101-103 

PORTUGUESE GUIAXA. See Portugal 
Powers of Attorney, Printed forms 

FOR 6 

Preparation of Applications 5 

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. See Can- 
ada. 
Printed Forms, Powers, Assignments . 6 
PROVIXCE WELLESLEY. See Straits 
Settlements. 

Provisional Protection 7 

PRUSSIA. See German Empire. 



PAGE. 

QUEEXSLAXD 103-108 

QUEBEC. See Canada. 

R0U:^L1XIA 108 

RUSSIA 108-110 

Russian Calendar 157 

ST. HELEXA 110, 111 

ST. LUCIA Ill 

ST. PIERRE. , See France. 

ST. YIXCEXT 112 

SA:M0A 112 

SAXDWICH ISLAXDS. See Hawaii. 

SAX DO^nXGO..... 112,113 

SAX SALYADOR 113 

SARDIXIA. See Italy. 
SAXOXY. See German Empire. 
SCOTLAXD. See Great Britain. 

Searches 6 

SEXEGAL. See France. 
SEXEGAJ^IBIA. See France. 

SERYIA 113 

SIA3I 113 

SIBERIA. See Russia. 
SICILY. See Italy. 

SIERRA LEOXE 114 

SIXGAPORE. See Straits Settlements. 

SOUTH AFRICAN" REPUBLIC 114-116 

SOUTH AUSTRAUA ....116-120 

SPAIX 121,122 

Specoiens of Ingredients 6 

Specifications, Amendment of 7 

STRAITS SETTLEMEXTS 123-125 

SURIXA]M. See Dutch Guiana. 

SWEDEX 125,126 

SWITZERLAXD 127-129 

TAHITI. See France. 

TASMAXIA 129-132 

T.iXES AND Workings, Tables showing 

cost of 147-149 

TOBAGO 132 

TOXQUIX. See France. 

Translations into English '. 5 

" Condensed Table, show- 
ing cost of 150, 151 

Thermometers, Comparison of 157 

TRIXIDAD 132,133 

TUXIS 133,134 

TURKEY" 134,135 

TURKS ISLAXD 136 

Untted States Patent Office, Issue 

Days in 155 

URUGUAY 136,137 

YEXEZUELA 137,138 

YICTORIA 138-143 

YIRGIX ISLAXDS. See Leeward Islands " 
WALES. See Great Britain. 
Weights and ]Measures, Table of 

(English) 158-160 

Weights and Measures, Table of 

(Metrical) 154 

WESTERX AUSTRALIA 143-145 

Workings, Tables showing cost of... 147-149 
wtJRTEMBURG. See German Empire. 
ZAXZIBAR 145 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 



Charges. — The charges given in this book apply only when all the documents 
required are sent to us completely and correctly prepared as indicated. 

Preparation of Applications. — When desired we will attend to the preparation of 
any application or applications, furnishing all the necessary drawings and documents 
(one copy of the specification and a tracing or blue print, of the drawing being furnished 
us). Our charges for such services are as follows : 

1. Copying Documents, on legal cap, in the English language, 5 cents per 100 
words for each copy ; on parchment, 15 cents per 100 words. 

2. Drawings. — It is not possible to fix, beforehand, a charge that will meet all cases, 
but we quote $5.00 per sheet for each country, as an approximate amount for average 
cases, which will include all requisite copies. Our correspondents are respectfully asked 
to add the above to their remittances when they request us to prepare any or all of the 
documents for an application. Should the cost exceed this sum, in case of complicated or 
difficult drawings, any balance can be settled when the work is completed. 

We will also attend to the photo-lithographing of drawings when requested to do so. 
Our charge for this is usually $8.00 per sheet (U. S. size), which includes the cost of 
materials, and as many as twenty copies of the drawing. Where a larger number of 
copies is desired our charge will be a little more, and in accordance with the actual 
extra cost to us for materials and work. Inasmuch as photo-lithographs are very much 
cheaper than hand drawings, where a number of copies of the same drawing are to be used, 
and can be used — if first-class— for any foreign country, Solicitors will see the advantage 
of their use wherever practicable. 

Translations into English. — Where the documents are required to be filed 
in the English language, we have made no note of translations in the body of this 
book. When documents are sent to us in any other language than English, however, 
unless in the language of the country ia which they are to be filed, the following amount 
must be added to our usual charge, for each 100 words contained in the specification, to 
cover cost of translation here, viz. : Translations from French, Oerman, Italian or 
Spanish, 35 cents ; Scandinavian or Portuguese, 50 cents ; Russian, 85 cents. Will our 
foreign correspondents please make note of this. 

Execution of Documents. — It is important that full names, the full address, 
and the occupation of each applicant should be clearly set forth in the preamble 
to the specification. In signing documents the applicants should write out all their 
names in full, as for instance, JoJm Henry Augustus Smith. When the specifications 
sent are not written in the English language, the signatures of the inventor and witnesses 
for each specification required, should always be sent on separate sheets of paper in the 
following form : 

" In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at 

this day of 18 '' 

{Signature of Inventor.) 

Witnesses : 
{Signature of two Witnesses.) 

Where the applicant is a corporation, all documents should be executed in the 
following manner: 

The Company, 

By {Name of Officer tolio signs). 
{Title of Officer.) 




6 GENERAL INFORMATION. 

Printed Powers of Attorney, Assignments, Etc.— We always have in print, blank 
forms of Powers of Attorney, and of Assignments, for all the principal foreign countries. 
We furnish any needed supplies of these to such Patent SoUcitorsas transact their foreign 
business through us,, free of charge, upon application. Other Solicitors may obtain them 
by remitting 10 cents for each form ordered, except assignments, for which the charge is 
$1.00 for each complete set for each country, but this payment will be applied on account 
of our charge for registering the assignment, if the deed is recorded through our Agency. 
We issue the printed Powers of Attorney for European and South American applications 
in books containing 10 forms each, with directions for the proper execution of the 
same printed in full upon the cover of each book. 

Models and Specimens.— Models or specimens are seldom required to be filed in 
any of the foreign countries. They are still necessary in the following countries : 

Canada. While an application may be filed without a model, and a filing date 
obtained, the Patent Office will, at the present time, neither grant nor issue the patent 
until a model or specimen is received. 

Germany. A model is required where the invention relates to skates or firearms, aiid 
two models, one of which must be a sectional model, if the invention relates to spools, 
spindles, or shuttles. Samples are required in case the invention relates to chemicals or 
dyes. 

Switzerland. The filing of models is obligatory when the invention concerns the 
movements of watches or portable firearms, or, when the object invented is composed in 
whole or in part of substances or combinations of substances the nature of which is 
difficult to determine. 

Newfoundland. The law requires the production of a model or specimens, but the 
Grovernor in Council has power to dispense with the requirement, and in our practice we 
have seldom been asked to send one. 

Full particulars as to special requirements will be found under each country in the 
body of the book. 

Importation of Patented Articles.— None of the principal foreign countries, 
except France, Canada, Tunis, Turkey and Peru, make any restrictions as to the importa- 
tion of patented articles. In Canada, unless an extension of time is procured, the 
patented article must not be imported by the patentee, or by others with his knowledge 
or consent, after the expiration of one year after the issue of the patent. In the other 
countries, patented articles must not be imported at all except under special permit. 
Such permit may usually be obtained for the importation of a single model or sample, at 
a cost of about $10.00. France and Tunis now belong to the International Union, how- 
ever, and citizens or subjects of countries belonging to the International Union may now 
import into these countries without restriction, but others are prohibited froffl SO doing 
under the penalty of forfeiture of the patent. 

Marking" of Patented Articles.— It is not compulsory to place any mark upon 
articles to indicate that they are patented, except in Canada, where the word "Patented" 
and the year of the date of patent must be stamped or engraved on each article, as 
"Patented, 1887," or as the case may be, and in Switzerland, where all patented articles 
must be marked with the Federal Cross (»J«) and the number of the patent. 

The German Patent Office has suggested that patented articles be marked 
" Deuisches Beiches Patent," or with the letters "D. R. P.," adding thereto the official 
number of the patent. For France, if the articles are marked at all, or if the patentee 
mentions his title of patentee, or his patent, in advertisements, prospectuses or signboards, 
or by means of marks or stamps, the words "Sans Garantie du Gowoernement" must be 
added, under the penalty of a fine of from fifty to one thousand francs. In the event of a 
repetition of the offence the fine may be doubled. The patentee is liable to the same fine 
if he uses the title or mark after the patent has expired. The usual practice is to employ 
the initial letters S. G. D. G., although several persons have, at various times, been con- 
demned for not using the words in full. The law iu Tunis and Turkey on this subject 
is substantially the same as in France. 

Searches. — We undertake searches as to the novelty of an invention in any country. 
Owing to the defective manner in which the records are kept in many countries, this work 
is usually more expensive than in America or England. 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 7 

Opinions. — We undertake to give, through our agents, formal opinions upon points 
of law, or with regard to any other matters pertaining to patents. The cost wiU be 
proportionate to the amount of work necessary to make a complete investigation of the 
subject. 

Copies of Patents. — We can obtain upon short notice, copies of any patent as issued 
in any country. It should be noted that printed copies of patents can be obtained in but 
very few countries, and that it is necessary therefore in most cases to make hand copies 
of both drawings and specifications, thus requiring considerable time and labor. Our 
charges for printed copies of patents in the principal foreign countries are : 

Great Britain, 50 cents for each shilling of the published price. 
Germany, 75 cents each. 

Switzerland, 75 cents each. 

Amendment of Specifications. — Specifications may be amended either before or 
after the issue of the patent, in many foreign countries, but not in all. We give below a 
list of the countries in which such amendment is possible, together with a statement of 
our charges in connection therewith, the amount of same being based in all cases upon 
the amount of work and time involved. 



Before issue of Patent. — When the application has been rejected because the title is 
too large, or the specification or drawings are insufficient or incorrect : 



Austria, charge 


from $2.50 to $10.00 


Russia, charge 


from $5.00 to 


$20.00 


Canada, ' ' 


2.50 " 7.50 


South Australia, " 


2.50 " 


10.00 


Germany, 


2.50 " 10.00 


Straits • Settlements, 


" 20.00 " 


30.00 


Great Britain, " 


2.00 " 7.50 


Sweden, " 


2.50 " 


10.00 


Italy, 


2.50 " 10.00 


Switzerland, 


2.50 " 


10.00 


Mauritius, 


" 20.00 " 30.00 


Tasmania, " 


5.00 " 


10.00 


Norway, 


2.50 " 10.00 








After the issue or grant of patent, by way 


Df disclaimer or memorandum of alteration: 


British Guiana, charge from $25. 00 to $35. 00 


Natal, charge from $15.00 to 30.00 


British Honduras, ' ' 


" 15.00" 20.00 


Newfoundland, " 


" 15.00 


' 25.00 


Canada, " 


7.50" 20.00 


New Zealand, " 


" 10.00 ' 


' 25.00 


" (Re-issue) " 


35.00 


Queensland, " 


" 15.00 ' 


' 25.00 


Cape Colony, 


from 20.00 to 80.00 


South Australia, " 


" 15.00 ' 


' 25.00 


Fi]i Islands, 


" 20.00" 30.00 


Straits Settlements, 


" 20.00 


' 30.00 


Great Britain, 


" 35.00 " 40.00 


Tasmania, " 


" 35.00 ' 


' 35.00 


India, 


" 15.00 " 25.00 


Trinidad, 


" 25.00 


' 35.00 


Jamaica, 


" 15.00" 25.00 


Victoria, " 


" 15.00 


' 25.00 


Leeward Islands, " 


" 25.00 " 40.00 








Mauritius, " 


" 20.00 " 35.00 









When fhe English Amplication has been Amended : 
Hongkong, charge from $25.00 to $35.00 | St. Helena, 



charge from $25.00 to $35.00 



Provisional Patents or Caveats. — Provisional protection may be obtained in the 
following countries and for the following terms : 



British Guiana, 


12 months 


New Zealand, 


12 months 


British Honduras, 


6 " 


Orange Free State, 


6 


Fiji Islands, 


6 " 


Queensland, 


12 


Great Britain, 


9 ' " 


South Australia, 


12 


Leeward Islands, 


6 " 


South African Republic, 


6 


New Zealand, 


9 " 


Switzerland, 


2 years 


Natal, 


6 " 


Tasmania, 


6 months 


New South Wales, 


12 " 


Victoria, 


12 



Caveats, may be filed, and are operative for the following terms, in 
Argentine Republic, 1 year, and may be renewed from year to year. 
Canada, 1 year. Russia, 3 months. 

Hawaii, 1 " South Australia, 1 year. 



8 GENERAL INFORMATION. 

Confirmation of Inyalid Patents.— Where the patentee is proved not to be the 
inventor, although he believed himself to be so, in some countries, the patent may be 
confirmed, or a new patent may be issued to the patentee, confirming the grant. This is 
at present the case in : British Guiana, British Honduras, Cape Colony, Jamaica, Lee- 
ward Islands, Natal, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. The cost of obtaining 
such confirmation would probably be from $75.00 to $100.00. 

Compulsory Licenses. — Whenever it is shown that by reason of the failure of a 
patentee to grant licenses, that the patent is not being worked, or that the reasonable require- 
ments of the public with respect to the invention cannot be supphed ; or that an}' person 
is prevented from working or using to the best advantage an invention of which he is 
possessed, the patentee may, in the following countries, be ordered to grant licenses, on 
such terms as may be just, according to the circumstances of the case : 

Germany, Norway, 

Great Britain, Orange*^ Free State, 

Hong Kong, Queensland, 

India, St. Helena, 

Luxembourg, South African Repiiblic, 

New Zealand, Switzerland. 

The State may buy and use an invention which it deems useful, in the following 
countries : 

Bolivia, Russia, 

Ecuador, Sweden, 

Luxembourg, Switzerland. 
Norway, 

Patents for Communicated Inventions.— This is a strictly English procedure, and 
the practice is confined to Great Britain and a few of its Colonies — South Australia, 
Tasmania, and Victoria. 



§i%si^ima* 



There is as yet no patent law in this country, and, so far as we know, no way in 
which inventions may be effectually protected. 



§tto. [§ntfeb §^t*aMa»] 



This British dependency (including the Somali Coast Protectorate and the Kooria 
Mooria, Perim, and Socotra Islands) is subject to the Government of Bombay, British 
India, and is covered by the patent law of India. (See India.) 



§it0hmu^tmu 



There is as yet no patent law in this country, and, so far as we know, no way in 
which inventions may be effectually protected. 



§tl0ma. 



Algeria is a French colony and is covered by the French patent law. A decree of 
July 5, 1850, (promulgated in Algeria, August 2, 1850 (declares the law to be in force 
and prescribes the form and manner of making applications in Algeria. (See France.) 



See India. 



10 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 



CHARGES. 

♦PATENT, Cost of, 5 year, all taxes paid $ 50 00 

10 " " 275 00 

15 " " 430 00 

♦PATENT OF ADDITION, upon a 5 year patent, all taxes paid 75 00 

" 10 " " " 150 00 

" 15 " " " 225 00 

* PROVISIONAL PATENT, fori year " " 120 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, Recording. 50 00 

WORKINGS from $50 to 100 00 

*The above charge includes translations up to 2,000 -words in the specification, beyond that 
nxmiber §1.00 must be added for everj- 100 words. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

"Who may be Patentee. — The actual inventor or his assignee. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Provisional Patents are granted for the term of one 
year, and may be renewed from year to year. Patents of Invention are granted for five, 
ten or fifteen years. A fifteen year patent can be obtained only upon inventions which 
have not up to the date of application in the Argentine Republic been patented elsewhere, 
and the applicant must furnish with his application a declaration, under oath, to the effect 
that he has not as yet applied for any patent in any other country, and that he makes 
his application in the Argentine Republic before applying elsewhere, because he believes 
it to be to his interest to do so. When a patent has been previously obtained in another 
country, the duration of the Argentine patent is limited to the duration of the foreign 
patent, but not to exceed ten years at most. Patents of Addition vrill not be granted for a 
longer period than the life of the original patent, when the latter does not exceed ten 
years, except when half that time has expired, or when the improvement lessens by half, 
at least, the cost of production, time, risk or danger, or for other similar reasons, in 
which case the Commissioner of Patents fixes the term for which the patent may be 
granted. A patent cannot be extended after its issue. 

UnpatentaMe. — Pharmaceutical compositions ; financial schemes ; such discoveries 
or inventions as have, previous to the application, received a sufficient pubKcity in books, 
pamphlets or periodicals, either in this or foreign countries, to permit of their being 
worked ; those of a mere theoretical nature having no evidence of their practical use in 
industry ; and finally, inventions contrary to morals, or to the laws of the Republic. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent 
the application must be filed before the invention has received sufficient publicity, in 
books, pamphlets or periodicals, either in the Argentine Repubhc or abroad, to enable 
it to be put into practice. The holder of a prior foreign patent, may, subject to the 
above requirement, apply for and obtain a valid Argentine patent at any time during 
the existence of his foreign patent. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — To effect the assignment of a patent, the following documents are 
necessary : 1. The Letters Patent ; 2. An assignment in the Spanish language, signed 
by the assignor before a Notary Public, and legalized by an Argentine Consul. Care 
must be taken to make no mention in the assignment of any other patent than the Argen- 
tine. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization of the applicant's signature hex'e at a cost of S3.00 
for each legalization. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within two years of the date of the issue 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 11 

of the patent, and the working must not be interrupted thereafter for two years at a 
time, except by circumstances beyond the patentee's control, or by accident duly certi- 
fied by the office. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same documents are required for Provisional Patents and Patents of Addition. 

1. — Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant, and legalized by an Argentine 
Consul. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00. 

2. — Drawings in duplicate.— On drawing paper or tracing cloth of any suitable 
size. Must be made in black ink and to metric scale. No signatures necessary. 

3. — Specification in duplicate. — May be written or printed on any suitable 
paper. No signatures necessary. 

4. — If a prior Patent exists. — It is necessary to send a certified copy of such patent, 
legalized by an Argentine Consul. The Patent Office, in every case, where the inventor 
is not a resident of that Republic, requires the production of either the declaration 
called for under the following heading, or of a foreign patent of the invention. It does 
not, however, insist upon such being the patent of the country where the inventor resides, 
but it may be that of any other country, so long as the specification and drawings agree 
exactly with those of the Argentine application. Where possible, it is always best to use 
a certified copy of the Spanish Patent. 

When desired, we can effect the legalization here at a cost of $3.00. 

5. — If no prior Patent exists. — A declaration to that effect signed by the appli- 
cant before a Notary Public and legalized by an Argentine Consul. This docu- 
ment must also be furnished in all cases where the specification and drawings of the 
Argentine application do not exactly agree in all important particulars with those of a 
prior foreign patent. In such case it will not be necessary to furnish a certified copy of 
the foreign patent. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00. 

FORMS. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
Poder. 
,abajo flrmado.....!.. •.......! 



domiciliado en . 

declare por las presentes otorgar a D . 



poder especial amplio y bastante para recabar de las oficinas y autoridades nacionales que cori-es- 
pondan la obtencion 



a cuyo ef ecto lo f aculto para dar ante dichas autoridades todos los pasos necessaries 

al objeto indicado, elevar solicitudes, f ormular descripciones, protestas, declaraciones, apelaciones 
yreclamos; abonar todos impuestos, cuotas y pagos determinados por la ley ; recibir todos docu- 
mentos y valores dando el descargo respective ; henar cualesquiera otros requisites y tomar enfln 

todas las medidas que creyere conducentes al resguardo de intereses, declarando 

desde ahora valide y bueno cuante hiciere dicho Seiior en bien 



Dado y firmado ., 

{Signature) . 



DECLARATION. 
Abajo firmado .-.. 



12 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 



vecino de. 



jur ydeclar solemnemente que la invencion cuya respectiva 

patente solicita y gestiona, apoderado legal, 

resldenteen 

y cuyo titulo es 

esde esclusiva invencion y propiedad ; que todavia no he!!."..'.'!'. !*.'!.'.* 

solicitado por ella patente alguna en niagun pais, que nadie la conoce aiin ; y que al prel 

sentar preferentemente en la Republica Argentina, para patentarla por vez 

primera, lo hago por creerlo asi mucho mas conveniente a intereses. 

En fe de lo cual firm la presente declaracion en 

alos 

dlas del mes de.,, ..de 189 

(SignTiere,) 



g^u^tm-§iuw0m'jj* 



The patent covers the entire Empire, which includes Bohemia, Bosnia, Cisleithania, Herzego- 
vina, and Lichtenstein. 

CHARGES. 

* PATENT, Total cost of, all taxes paid for first year $35 00 

f TAXES. — Payable annually counting from date of issue of patent. 

Second, Tlilrd, Fourth and Fifth years each, 20 00 

Sixth year 25 00 

Seventh " 30 00 

Eighth " 33 00 

Ninth " 36 00 

Tenth " 39 00 

Eleventh " 45 00 

Twelfth " 52 00 

Thirteenth " , 58 00 

Fourteenth" 64 00 

Fifteenth " 70 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 7 50 

WORKING, Nominal 20 00 

* The above charge includes translations up to 2,000 words in the specification. Beyond 
that number, 35 cents must be added for each 100 words. 

tThe patent must always be forwarded when ordering the payment of any tax, that the 
payment may be endorsed thereon. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — Any person, whether the inventor or not ; a firm or a 
corporation. Where the invention has been patented in any or several foreign countries, 
a valid Austrian patent can only be obtained by the owner of said foreign patent or pat- 
ents, or by his heirs, or legal successors or assignees. In such case one of the foreign 
patents, chosen by the applicant, forms the basis of the Austrian patent applied for. 

Patents, Kind and Duration. — Patents of Invention are granted for fifteen years, 
subject to the payment of the required taxes, and the legal working of the invention. In 
former years it was the custom of the Austrian office to issue the patent for the exact 
number of years for which the taxes were paid at the time of issue. This is no longer 
the case, the Minister qf Commerce having decided (Decisions of July 27, 1882, and July 
18, 1888) that Austrian patents are, without exception, granted for the maximum term 
of fifteen years, subject to the payment of the legal taxes, etc., and the forms of the patent 
documents have now been changed, so as to leave no doubt as to the term of the grant. 
In case an Austrian patent is based upon a prior foreign patent, it is limited in term and 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 13 

validity by the term and validity of such foreign patent, but it is quite independent of 
all other foreign patents for the same invention, without regard to their date. 

Unpatentable. — Preparations of food, beverages and medicines ; discoveries, inven- 
tions or improvements which cannot be worked for reasons of public health, morals, 
or safety, or as being contrary to the general interest of the State ; scientific principles, 
or strictly scientific theorems, even if the principle or theorem lead to the creation of new 
industrial products, a new means or a new method of production ; inventions, which 
while worked in any foreign country are not patented there. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent 
the application mast be filed before the invention has been made public in Austria, either 
by a printed publication, or by the invention having been worked there. The printed 
copies of patents issued by the German Patent Office will not prevent the obtaining of a 
valid Austrian patent, provided the application for the latter be filed within three months 
from the day of issue of such print, but a valid patent cannot be obtained after the 
expiration of this time. Printed copies of patents of other countries can only affect 
the validity of an Austrian patent when it is proven that they were introduced into 
Austria before the filing of the application. A valid Austrian patent can be obtained at 
any time during the life of a prior foreign patent for the same invention, so long as the 
invention has not been published, or become publicly known, in Austria. 

Taxes. — The legal taxes may be paid at once and in a lump sum, or in annual in- 
stallments, as preferred by the patentee. In the latter case they must be paid yearly in 
advance, counting from the date of the issue of the patent. The Letters Patent should 
always be forwarded for the endorsement of such payment thereon. If for any reason 
it is impossible to forward the patent with the tax, the latter can be paid for one year 
without the production of this document. In this case, however, it becomes necessary to 
produce the patent with the next year's tax, or if it be lost, to apply for and obtain a 
duplicate of the patent. No extension of time for the payment of taxes can be 
obtained. 

Assignments. — The following documents are necessary : 1. An assignment in 
German, signed by the assignor before a Notary Public and legalized by the Austrian 
Consul. 2. A power of attorney signed by the assignee before a Notary Public, and 
legalized by an Austrian Consul, authorizing the attorney to apply for and obtain the 
registration of the assignment and pay the taxes in connection therewith. 

"We can obtain the legalization of these documents here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 
each. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within one year from the day of the 
issue of the patent, and the working must not be discontinued thereafter for any two 
consecutive years. No extension of time for working can be obtained. To effect a 
legal working, the invention, if a machine, must be actually constructed in Austria, and 
of materials procured there ; if a process, it must be put into operation there. Nominal 
workings, although very frequently made, are not legally valid, and we cannot recom- 
mend them. We will secure estimates of cost for actual workings, on receipt of particulars. 
According to the official decree of June 1, 1889, they must now be proven and entered 
upon the Patent Registers in connection with the patent to which they relate. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. One copy of Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures 
required. 

2. Drawing's in duplicate. — May be made on tracing cloth, any size and margin. 
No signatures required. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. The usual German power should 
be used. (See Germany.) The power must be legalized by an Austrian Consul. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



14 AZORES ISLANDS. BAHAMA ISLANDS. 

These islands belong to Portugal and are covered by its patent laws. 



§Htoma §^\m&^. 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for seven years, ... $75 00 

EXTENSION of patent at end of seventh year 65 00 

" " " " " fourteenth year 115 00 

PRELI:^^NARY EXAMINATIONS as to Novelty 15 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 12 50 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may Ibe Patentee. — Practically anyone, whether the inventor or not, as the 
first importer may obtain a valid patent, as well as the first inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term, — Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for seven 
years from the filing of the specification, but the duration may be extended for two 
additional terms of seven years each, (twenty-one years in all) upon due application and 
payment of the legal fees. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions that are not new within the Islands, as to the public use 
and exercise thereof at the time the application for patent therefor is filed ; if the appli- 
cant for the patent is not the true and first inventor within the Islands (the word inventor 
being held to include the true and first importer) of the invention described in the specifi- 
cation ; inventions which are at the time the specification is filed well-known elsewhere, 
and also known to some person or persons in the Islands other than the person fiHiig 
such specification, and inventions already patented there. 

Norelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 

application must be filed before the invention has been published or otherwise publicly 
known within the Bahama Islands. The fact that prior patents exist, or that the inven- 
tion has been published, or is publicly known and used in other countries, will not pre- 
vent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, so long as the invention is new as to the 
Bahamas at the time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — Strictly speaking there are none after the issue of the patent, the same 
heing issued for seven years and the fees paid at the filing of the application being in 
fuU for this term. If, however, it is desired to continue the patent in force for a longer 
time, it may be extended for a second term of seven years upon payment of a fee of £10 
and for a third term of seven years upon payment of a further fee of £20. 

Assignments.— These should be prepared in duplicate, and in the English language ; 
almost any form will answer, and no legalization of the document is now held to be neces- 
sary. As this practice may be changed at any time it is preferable to have the docu- 
ments acknowledged before a Notary Public whenever it is convenient to do so. 



BAHAMA ISLANDS. 15 

Working.—Section XI. of the "Patent Act, 1889" required that the invention 
should be brought into operation in the Colony within three years from the date of the 
patent. This section was, however, repealed by Section VI. of 53 Vic, Chap 2, "An 
Act to amend the, ' Patent Act, 1889,'" assented to March 3, 1890, and there are now 
no requirements as to the working of the invention within the Colony. 

Special. — This is one of the four West Indian Colonies that do not issue a formal 
document or " Letters Patent " to serve as a title deed. It is hoped that the Colony 
will soon have proper forms printed, and issue such a document to every patentee. Until 
this is done, however, the only documents that can be forwarded for the use of the 
patentee are, 1. The certificate of the Registrar of Records that the specification has 
been filed, and, 2. A copy of the Ojfficial Gazette containing a notice of the filing of the 
specification. If desired, a certified copy of the patent can be obtained, but only at an 
expense of from $15 to $35 according to the length of the specification, as the fees 
demanded by the Attorney-General for such copies are very high. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Four copies of the Specification. — These may be written or printed on 
any suitable paper, and of any size. No signatures nor legalization required. 

2. Four copies of the Drawings. — On bristol board or tracing cloth, of any suita- 
ble size. No signatures required. 

3. Petition. — Signed by applicant, may be on any suitable paper. 

4. Declaration. — Signed by applicant, before a Notary Public, or other person 
authorized by law to administer an oath, who must affix his official seal. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant and two witnesses. 

6. Where a prior foreign Patent exists. — A certified copy of such patent must 
be supplied. Where there are several foreign patents, the certified copy may be a copy 
of any one of them, but it is best, where possible, to file a copy of the United States 
or British patent. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 
To His Excellency the Governor of the Bahama Islands in Cotmcil : 
The humble petition of {here insert name, aaaress ana occupation of petitioner), showeth : 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for (insert title of invention), which inven- 
tion he believes will be of great public utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof and 
that the same is not in use by any other person or persons to the best of his knowledge and belief. 

Your petitioner, therefore humbly prays that your Excellency will be pleased in the name 
and on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen, to grant unto him, his executors, administrators and 
assigns, Her Majesty's Letters Patent for these Islands for the term of seven years, pursuant to 
the Act of Assembly in that case made and provided. 



^Signature.). 



DECLARATION. 



I {here insert name, full address and occupation of applicant), do solemnly and sincerely declare 
that I am in possession of an invention for {insert title as in petition), which invention I believe 



will be of great public utility ; that I am the true and first inventor thereof ; and that the same 
is not in use by any other person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that the 
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, hereto annexed, particularly describes and ascer- 
tains the nature of the said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, and 
I make this declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true. 



{Signature.) . 



Declared to before me 

this day of 18. 

{Signature and title of person before 
whom declaration is made.) 



16 BAHAMA ISLANDS. BALEARIC ISLANDS. BARBADOES. 

SPECIFICATION. 

To aU whom it may concern : Be it known that I, (hei-e insert name, occupation and place oj 
residence), am in possession of an invention for (state title of invention precisely as in petition), and 
I, the said (here insert name of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and 
in what manner the same is to he performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and 
by the following statement thereof, that is to say : The invention has for its object (here insert 
the full speciflcation and claims.) 

Witnesses : {Signature.) 



POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Patent Act, 1889, of the Bahama Islands, and 
in the matter of (jiame, occupation and address), an Inventor. 



I, the above-named {insert name),do hereby retain, constitute and appoint. 



as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of the Bahama 
Islands an exclusive Privilege or Letters Patent for (insert title of invention precisely as in petition), 
and I authorize him to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts, including the 
appointment of a substitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this aay of 18.... 

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of 

(Signature.)... [L. S.] 



See Spain. 



latbatoss* 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, total cost of, all taxes paid for seven years $ 75 00 

EXTENSION of patent at end of seventh year 65 00 

" " " fourteenth year 115 00 

ASSIGNIklENT, preparing and recording 15 00 

WORKING 30 00 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — " The first and true inventor," which is interpreted to 
include the first and true importer into Barbadoes. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention (or Importation), which are 
granted for seven years from the filing of the specification; but the duration may be 
extended for two additional terms of seven years each (twenty-one years in all), upon due 
application made, and payment of the legal fees. 

Unpatentable.— Inventions that are not new in Barbadoes at the time the applica- 
tion is filed ; inventions of which the applicant for patent is not the true and first in- 
ventor within the Colony. (The word inventor is held to mean and include the true and 
first importer.) Inventions which are at the time the specification is filed, well-known 
elsewhere, and also known to some person or persons in Barbadoes, other than the person 
filing the specification ; and inventions already patented there. 



BARBADOES. 17 

Norelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 
application must be filed before the invention has been published, or otherwise become 
publicly known in Barbadoes, but the fact that prior patents exist, or that the invention 
has been published, or is publicly known and used in other countries will not prevent 
the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, so long as the invention is new in Barbadoes at 
the time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — Strictly speaking there are none after the issue of the patent, the same 
being granted for seven yeaiJS, and the fees paid at the filing of the specification, being in 
full for this term. If, however, it is desired to continue the patent in force for a longer 
term, it may be extended for a second term of seven years upon payment of a fee of £10, 
and for a third term of seven years upon payment of a further fee of £30. 

Assig'nments. — The documents must be prepared in duplicate in the English 
language. The signature of the assignor must be proven under oath before a Notary, 
and the document must be legalized by a British Consul. 

When desired we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $2.50. 

Working. — The law requires that the invention must be "brought into operation 
within a period of three years after the filing of the specification." The present practice 
is not to require the actual construction of the patented article in Barbadoes, it being 
held sufficient to import, or cause the articles to be imported into the Colony, and there 
oflFer and expose them for sale. In the case of a process it should be put into practice 
there. 

Special. — Barbadoes is one of the four West Indian Colonies that issues no 
formal document or Letters Patent, the only document issued to patentees being the 
official certificate of the filing of the specification. We also supply a copy of the Official 
Gazette containing the legal notice of the filing of the specification. A certified copy of 
the patent can be obtained when desired, but this is expensive, costing from $20 to $40, 
according to the length of the specification. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant. The form is the same 
as for the Bahama Islands, which see. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — Any convenient size and material. No signatures 
required. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. The_ signa- 
ture of the inventor must be proven by one of the witnesses under oath before a Notary, 
and the document must be legalized by a British Consul. 

4. Declaration.— Signed by applicant. 

FORMS. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Patent Act of 1883, and in the matter of 
{name, occupation and address), an Inventor. 



I, the above-named {insert name), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint. 



as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of Barbadoes an exclu- 
sive Privilege or Letters Patent for {insert title of invention as in specification), and I authorize 
him to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts regarding same, as may 
be necessarj' or expedient. 
Witnesses. 



{Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.l 
Stateof - 

County of 



{yame of roitness) being duly sworn deposes, and says, that the 

above-named {name of applicant) is to him known and known to him to be the individual described 
in, and who executed, the foregoing instrument, and that he witnessed the execution thereof, 

{Signature of Witness.) 
Sworn to and subscribed befoi-e me this day of 18 

{Notaria I Seal.) {Signature of Notary. ) 

{Legalization of Bntish Consul. 



18 



BARBADOES. BELGIUM. 



DECLARATION. 



I, (Tiere insert name, occupation and place of residence), do solemnly and sincerely declare that 
I am in possession of an invention for {state the title of the invention), Avhich invention I believe 
will be of public utility, that I am the inv-entor of the said invention and the same is not publicly 
known or used in this colony, to the best of my knowledg-e and beUef : and that, to the best of my 
knowledge and behef , the instrument m writing under my hand, hereunto annexed, particularly 
describes and ascertains the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same Is to be 
carried out. 



The. 



.day of.... = ..18.... 



{Signature of Applicant.) 



^elgiimt 



CHARGES. 

*PATEXT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $15 00 

^PATEXT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 15 00 

TAXES, payable annually, counting from the date of the application . 

There is one month's grace without fine, or six months' grace icitli 

a fine of ^2.00. 

Year $26 50 

28 50 

30 50 

32 50 

34 50 

36 50 

38 50 

40 50 

42 50 



Second Year 

Third " 


$ 6 50 

8 50 


Twelfth ^ 
Thirteenth 


•Fourth " 

Fifth " .... 
Sixth " 


. .... 10 50 

13 50 

]4 50 


Fourteenth 

Fifteenth 

Sixteenth 


Seventh " 

Eighth " .... 
Xinth 


16 50 

. ... 18 50 
20 50 


Seventeenth 

Eighteenth 

Nineteenth 


Tenth " 


. . 22 50 


Twentieth 


Eleventh " 


24 50 





ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording |15 00 

WORKING, nominal 20 00 

*The above charge includes translations up to 2,000 words in the specification. Beyond this 
number, 35 cents must be added for each 100 words. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — Any person, whether the inventor or not, a firm or cor- 
poration, may obtain a patent. If the applicant is not the inventor, it is desirable that 
he should have the inventor's written consent permitting him to make the application. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents are of three kinds : Patents of Invention, 
granted to the applicant who applies for his Belgian patent before the actual grant of 
letters patent in any other country ; Patents of Importation, granted to an inventor or 
his assigns who, previous to lodging his application in Belgium, has obtained letters 
patent in some other country ; Patents of Addition for improvements on inventions 
already patented. 

Patents of Invention are granted for twenty years, subject to the payment of the 
prescribed taxes, and proper working of the invention. Patents of Irnportation are 
limited to the term of the prior foreign patent having the longest term; not, however, 
to exceed the maximum duration. Patents of Addition are granted for the unexpired 
term of the original patent and expire with it. 



Unpatentable. — Any discovery or improvement that is not capable of being 
worked as an article of industry or of commerce. 



BELGIUM. 19 

NoTelty, Eifect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain valid patents, appli- 
cations for Patents of Invention should be made before any public use or publication of 
the invention in Belgium, and before any patent for the same invention is actually issued 
in another country. It is sufficient under the present practice to file the Belgian 
application upon the date of issue of the United States patent. Applications for Patents of 
Importation may be made at any time during the term of the foreign patent, provided 
the patented article has not been worked, or made use of for commercial purposes in 
Belgium by other parties, or the complete specifications and accurate drawings of the 
patented article have not been published in a printed work, prior to the date of the 
application. (Official or other publications prescribed by law, such as the English blue 
books and the publications of the U. S. Patent Office, do not affect the validity of 
Patents of Importation.) Applications for Patents of Addition should be made before 
public use, or publication of the invention in Belgium. 

Taxes. — Taxes are payable upon all Belgian patents (except Patents of Addition), 
in installments, yearly in advance, counting from the date of the filing of the application. 
There is one month's grace, without fine, for making the payment, or six months' grace 
with a fine of 10 francs ($2.00). 

Assignments. — The documents should be in the French language, and be executed 
in duplicate before a Notary Public, and legalized by a Belgian Consul. 

We can obtain the leg'alization here when desired at a cost of $2.00 for each legalization. 

Working. — The invention must be worked in Belgium within one year of its first 
commercial working in any other country, and the working must not thereafter be dis- 
continued for any twelve consecutive months. The working vnu^i he bona fide. If the 
invention relates to machines, tools, instruments or like articles, they should be manu- 
factured in Belgium in sufficient numbers to giye the appearance, at least, of putting the 
invention into commercial use. If the invention relates to a process, the latter should be 
carried into practice in some manufactory in Belgium, and for a suflacient length of time 
to obtain proof that the working has been genuine. 

The question of working has been left by the law entirely to the discretion of the 
government, which alone has the power to decide what shall constitute an efficient 
working, and to judge in each individual case whether the working made is suflBcient or 
not. The courts decline all competency in this matter, and assume that a patent has 
been properly worked until it has been annulled by the government. In the case of 
patents which have been annulled for insutScient working, the government has held 
that it is not sufllcient to import the patented articles into Belgium from abroad and put 
them on sale there, even if large numbers are sold in the country by this means. It is 
not even considered sufficient to have a number of the patented articles made in Belgium 
if the same articles are also imported from abroad and sold in Belgium. The mere 
importation of patented articles, except in limited quantities to serve as samples or 
models, while not prohibited by law, seems to be considered as contrary to the spirit of 
the law. To effect a strictly legal working therefore it would seem that the patentee 
should not only manufacture the patented article in Belgium, but should manufacture 
all such articles there that may be required to meet the commercial demand for them, 
and abstain from importing similar articles from abroad for the purposes of trade. The 
government seldom or never interferes as regards the working of an invention unless 
called upon to do so by an interested party. If the inventor cannot then establish the 
fact that his invention has been properly worked his patent will be annulled. It is, of 
course, impossible for us to fix a stated price for legal workings, as the cost of manu- 
facture of different articles varies so greatly. We will, however, furnish estimates of 
costs in each individual case upon receiving particulars. 

Inasmuch as we are constantly receiving orders for nominal workings we quote a 
price for them, but it must be understood that we do not recommend them. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. One copy of Specification. — No signatures required. 

2. Drawing's in dui)licate. — On tracing cloth. The sheets should measure 34 
centimetres (13% inches), in height, by 21 centimetres (8% inches), in width, with a 



20 BELGIUM. BERMUDA ISLANDS. BOLIVIA. 

frame or margin line all around of 41^ centimetres {If^ inches), from tlie edge of the 
sheet. When this size is not suflacient it may be doubled or trebled either way, but the 
sheet must be capable of folding exactly within the above dimensions. Xo signatures 
necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant. The form is the same as fo^ 
France (which see). 



•cvmurta I^lautl^* 



There is at present no patent law in this British Colony. The government will, 
however, grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the 
invention is likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably, we will, however, undertake to procure 
them at a charge of $400 each. We must ask for an additional remittance in case the cost 
exceeds this sum, but think this will cover all charges in most cases. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands, changing the name of the Colony, and omit- 
tms; the title of the act. 



§olma. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $400 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 50 00 

WORKING, exclusive of freight charges and cost of manufacture. 100 00 

*Tlie above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words ; $1-25 must b 
added for every 100 words in tlie specification iu excess of 2,000. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Wlio may 1)6 Patentee. — The true and first inventor, or the true and first importer 
of an invention into Bolivia. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention are granted for not less than ten, 
nor more than fifteen years. Patents of Importation are granted for three years if the 
establishment of the machinery or industry involves an outlay of 20,000 pesos; for six 
years if the outlay amounts to 50,000 pesos, and for ten years if it requires 100,000 
pesos. Patents date from the day upon which they are issued. 

Unpatentable.— Inventions contrary to the law or good customs; inventions merely 
producing modifications of proportions; articles of pure adornment; secret remedies. 



BOLIVIA. BRAZIL. 



21 



Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— In order to obtain a valid 
Patent of Invention the application therefor must be filed before the invention has been 
published or described in the press, either in Bolivia or in any other country. In case of 
a Patent of Importation the application must be filed before the invention has become 
known or used in Bolivia. A valid patent may be obtained for an invention already 
patented in another country, at any time, subject to the above requirements as to novelty. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — These should be prepared in duplicate and in the Spanish language, 
and must be accompanied by a power of attorney authorizing ihe recording of the assign- 
ment and the payment of the fees in connection therewith. All the documents must be 
legalized by a Bolivian Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.50. 

Working'. — Patents must be worked within a year and a day from the date of issue 
under penalty of forfeiture. In the absence of any decisions upon this point it is 
difficult to ascertain just what amount of working is necessary. There is little doubt, how- 
ever, but that an actual bona fide working of the invention in Bolivia is requisite, and tliis 
working should be proven before the proper authorities. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili (which see). The power of attorney must be legalized hj a 
Bolivian Consul. 

"We can obtain the leg-alization here, when desired, at a cost of f 3.50. 



^xml 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for first year 

TAXES, Payable in advance, counting from date of issue of patent, 



Second Ye 
Third 
Fourth 
Fifth 
Sixth 
Seventh 
Eighth 

I PATENT OF ADDITION. 
ASSIGNMENTS 



,$23 00 
. 28 25 
, 34 00 
, 40 00 

46 00 
. 52 00 

57 50 



Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 

Fourteenth 

Fifteenth 



Year 



00 



,$63 50 
. 69 00 
. 75 50 
. 82 00 
. 87 50 
. 93 50 
. 99 50 
80 00 
50 00 



WORKING. The charges are variable from $50 00 to 100 00 

* This charge includes translations up to 2,000 words : $2.00 must be added for each 100 words 
in excess of 2,000 contained in the speciiication. Every reference letter, or fig-ure, is counted as a 
word. This charge covers not only the translations, but also the cost of publishing the specifica- 
tion in the " Diario Oficial." The specification is published in full, and the cost is 13 cents for every 
35 letters. 

•I- To this amount must be added $2.00 for each 100 words in excess of 2,000 contained in the speci- 
fication. Every reference letter, or figure, is counted as a word. There must also be added an 
amount equal to the tax about to fall due on the original Patent. There are no subsequent taxes 
on Patents of Addition. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The author of any industrial discovery or invention. Joint 



22 BRAZIL. 

inventors may obtain a joint patent. Inventors liolding foreign patents may obtain a 
patent in Brazil confirming tlieir rights tliere. A patent for "an improvement on the 
subject matter of an existing patent ^Patent of Addition) can be obtained during tlie 
first year of tlie original patent, by the inventor or his legal representatives only, but 
afterwards by other inventors, who may file a petition before the expiration of the first 
year in order to establish priority. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fifteen years, subject to 
the payment of the annual taxes. The patent vrill expire with a prior foreign patent for 
the same invention. Patents of Addition are granted for the life of the original patent 
and expu'e therewith. 

Fni)atenta1)le. — Inventions contrary to law and morality, or of a dangerous or 
noxious character, or which do not afford a practical industrial "result. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent 
the application must be made before any publication or public use of the invention in 
Brazil. If an inventor, having obtained a foreign patent, makes his application in Brazil 
within seven months of the date of the grant of tbe foreign patent, his right of priority 
will not be invahdated by reason of events which may occur in the interval, such as the 
application by another party for the same invention, or the publication, working, or 
utilization of the same in Brazil. Inventors can also publicly exhibit their inventions in 
Brazil prior to their applications for patents, on obtaining the necessary permission for 
the purpose. It should be noted, however, that where a prior foreign patent exists, the 
inventor can only obtain a valid patent by filing his application therefor within seven 
months of the date of such prior patent, and in general, a valid patent can only be 
obtained when the application has been filed before the invention has become known in 
Brazil in any way, or been published or patented in a foreign country for seven months. 

Taxes. — -Taxes are payable in yearly installments, in advance, commencing to count 

from the date of the issue of the patent. Prolongations of time for makinglhese pay- 
ments cannot be obtained. The tax payable to the government amounts to £2.7.3 for 
the first year, £3.10.10 for the second, £1.14.6 for the third, and so on, increasing 
£1.3.7i^O'eai-ly. 

Assignments. — In order to record an assignment the following documents must be 
furnished: 1. The Brazilian Patent. 2. A contract of sale or assignment written in the 
language of the country in which it is executed, legalized by a Brazilian Consul. 3. If 
the patent was not obtained through us, a Power of Attorney, legalized by a Brazilian 
Consul. 

VThen desired vre can obtain the leg^alization here at cost of $3.00 for each document, which 
includes Consular and Agency lees. 

"Working. — The law requires the patentee to work the patent within three years 
from the date of its issue. The working must not be suspended at any time for a 
period exceeding one year. A legal working is efiectei only by an actual prosecution of 
the trade to which a patent relates, and the supplying of the article manufactured there- 
under in such proportions or quantities as are reasonable, taking into consideration its 
uses and consumption. The working should be proven before the end of the third year. 
To effect and prove a working we requu*e the following documents : 1. A special 
power of attorney, the form for which we will supply upon "request. This power must 
be legalized by a* Brazilian Consul. 2. A statement showing whether the invention is 
being worked' in Brazil, and if so, in what place or places, and any information and 
data with respect to the invention that may be useful. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. One copy of the Specification. — May be on any paper and unsigned. It 
should bear a title* designating the object of the invention, and indicate the full name, 
occupation, nationality, and residence of the applicant. TVeights and measures 
should be shown in accordance with the metrical system, temperature according to 
the Centigrade thermometer, and density by specific weight. 

2. Drawings in triplicate. — The drawings should be made on white drawing 
board 33 centimetres (13 inches) in height, by 21. 42, or 63 centimetres (S?^, 161^ or 24^^ 
inches) wide, with a simple margin Ime, lefiving outside that line a margin of 2 centi- 
metres (^ of an inch). The drawings should be made to the metrical scale; each sheet of 



BRAZIL. BRITISH BURMAH. BRITISH GUIANA. 23 

paper bearing number of order, if there be several. The drawings must be signed by 
the inventor in the lower right hand corner above the marginal line. The signature is 
sufficient, and it should not be witnessed nor attested by a Notary or others. Whenthe 
application is for a Patent of Addition, the drawings should indicate, with the same ink, 
but with dotted lines or points, the modifications made in the original invention. 

3, Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. This should be acknowledged 
before a Notary and legalized by a Brazilian Consul. 

We cau obtain the legalization here, if desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document, which 
includes Consular and Agency fees. 

4. For Patents of Addition. — It is necessary to forward the original patent. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
Procura^ao. 



labaixo assignadd 



morador 

do — pela presente procuraQao os poderes mais amplos a. 



morador no Rio de Janeiro, para, por e em nome obter do Governo 

da Republica dos Estados TJnidos do Brazil 

para 



de conf ormidade com a lei de 14 de Outubro de 1883. E para este fim do poderes ao 

bastante procurador para preencher todas as f ormaUdades prescriptas pela lei e reg-ulamento, que 
baixou com o Decreto n. 8820 de 30 de Dezembro de 1882, rectificar e assignar todas as declara96es, 
relatorios, documentos e requerimeutos, inclusive desenhos e descripvoes, deposital-os ovi em caso 
de necessidade retiral-os ; pagar as taxas e impostos ; registi-ar quando for precise a transf erencia 
on cessao do privilegio ; substabelecer todos ou partes dos presentes poderes flnalmente f azer tudo 
o que for a bem dos Interesses do outorgante i-epresentando-o activa e passivamente perante o 
Governo Brazileiro ou em juizo. 

IS (Signature.) 



Burmah is now a province of British India and is covered by its patent law. 



#wmw^» 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, for 13 months. $ 90 00 , 

COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid up to seventh year 210 00 

Total $800 00 

Or, COMPLETE in first instance. $290 00 

f TAXES, Before the expiration of the seventh year 115 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 40 00 

* The application may be made with either a provisional or complete specification. In case of 
the former, the complete specification must be filed, if the patent is to be completed, before the 
expiration of the provisional protection. 

t The patent must be produced for indorsement vv-hen paying the tax. 



24 BRITISH GUIANA 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who May be Patentee.— The true and first inventor, which is interpreted to include 
the true and first importer of the invention within the colony. 

Patents, Kind and Duration. — Patents of Invention (or Importation), granted for 
fourteen years, subject to the payment of the prescribed tax. The Patent will expire 
with any prior foreign patent for the same invention. A patent may usually be extended 
for an additional term of seven years upon due application made, and the payment of 
the prescribed tax. 

Unpatentable. — The law provides that a patent may be declared void when it is 
shown that the grant of such patent is contrary to law, or prejudicial or inconvenient to 
the public in general, or that the invention is not a new invention as lo the public use 
and exercise thereof, or that the patentee is not the true and first inventor within the 
colony. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 
application therefor must be filed before the invention has been publicly known or used 
in the Colony. Publication of the invention, or prior patents in other countries cannot 
affect the validity of a patent subsequently obtained in British Guiana, provided the in- 
vention has not been publicly kuQwn or used there at the time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — A tax of $100 is payable to the government before the expiration of the 
seventh year of the life of the patent, counting from the day of the filing of the appli- 
cation. There is no provision made for obtaining an extension of the time lor making 
this payment, and if the tax is not paid in time the patent will be lost. 

Assignments. — These should be in the English language, and in duplicate, and may 
be in any suitable form. They should be legalized by a British Consul. 

"We can obtain the legalization here when required at a cost of $2.50 for each legalization. 
Working. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant, and legalized by a British Consul. 

2. Affidavit. — Signed by applicant. This should be made before a Notary 
Public and legalized by a British Consul. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — May be written on any paper. Signed by appli- 
cant, and legalized by a British Consul. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — May be of any convenient size, and on drawing 
board or tracing cloth. No signatures necessary. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant, and legalized by a British Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization of the documents here when desired, at a cost of $2.50 for each 
legalization. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 
To His Excellency {leave space for name of the Governor) Govei'nor 
and Commander-in-Chief, in and over the colony of British 
Guiana, Vice- Admiral and Ordinary of the same, &c., &c., &c. 

The humble petition of {nariie, address, ana occupation of the applicant) respectfully showeth : 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for (insert the title of the invention), which 
invention he believes will be of great public utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof ; 
and that the same is not in use by any other person or persons in this colony, to the best of his 
knowledge and belief. 

Your petitioner, therefore, humbly prays : 

That your Excellency will be pleased to grant unto him, his heirs, executors, administrators. 



BRITISH GUIANA. 25 

and assigns, Letters Patent, in the name of Her Majesty, for the sole use, benefit and advantage 
of his said invention, within the colony of British Guiana, for the term of fourteen years, pursuant 
to the ordinance in that case made and provided. 

And your petitioner will ever pray, .fee. (Signature of Applicant.) 



AFFIDAVIT. 

1 {Insert name of applicant), of {insert place of residence and occupation), having- been dvily 
sworn make oath and say, that I am in possession of an invention for (insert the title as in petition), 
which invention I believe will be of great public utility; that I am the true and first inventor 
thereof ; and that the same is not in use by anj'' other person or persons in this colony, to the best 
of my knowledge and belief. 

(Signature of Applicant.) 

Sworn this day of A. I) before me. 

(Official Seal.) (Title of Office.) 



SPECIFICATION. 

To all to whom these presents shall come : I, (insert name of applicant), of (insert place of 
residence and occupation), send greeting : 

Whereas, His Excellency (leave space for name of the governor) Governor and Commander-in- 
Chief in and over the colosiy of British Guiana, &c., &c., &c., by Letters Patent, bearing- date the 

day of in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 

in the year of Her Majesty's reign, did, in the name of Her Majesty, 

pursuant to the ordinance in such case made and provided, give and grant unto me, the said 
(name of applicant), his especial license, that I, the said (name of a.pplicant), my heirs, executors, 
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said (name of applicant), my heirs, executors, 
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and 
at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully might make, use,, 
exercise, and vend within the colony of British Giiiana, an invention for (insert title of invention), 
upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said (name of applicant), by an instrument In 
writing under my hand, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said inven- 
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be deposited in 
the Registrar's office for the counties of Demerara and Essequebo, within six calendar months 
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. Now, know ye, that I, the said 
(name of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the 
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following 
statement, that is to say : (describe the invention). 

In -witness whereof, I, the said have hereto set my 

hand, this day of A. D. 

In the presence of the subscribing- witnesses. 

(Signatures of Witnesses.) (Signature of Applicant.) 



PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. 

I, (insert full name, address, and occupation of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of the 
said invention for (insert title of invention exactly as in petition) to be as follows : (here insert 
specijication.) 



Dated this day of...., A. D., 18. 

(Signature.) 



POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Patent Law Ordinance of 1861, of the Government 
of British Guiana, and in the matter of (name, occupation and address) 
an inventor. 

I, the above-named (here insert name) do hereby retain, constitute, and appoint 

^ as my Agent and Attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of British 

Gruiana an exclusive privilege or patent for (state the title of invention as in petition), onAlavi- 
thorize him to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts regarding- the same, 
including the appointment of a substitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this ... day of 18 ... . 

Signed, sealed and delivered at ) 

>- (Signature of Applicant.) (Ij. S.) 

In the presence of ) 

(Two witnesses.) 



26 BEITISH HONDURAS. 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for six months $90 00 

COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for three years 95 00 




*or COMPLETE in first instance 

TAXES. At or before the expiration of the third year 60 00 

" seventh " 110 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 20 00 

*The above charge does not include the cost of a possible opposition, for which special arrange- 
ments will be made in each case. 

The application may be made with either a provisional or a complete specification. In case of 
the former, provisional protection is afforded for a period of six months. The complete specifi- 
cation must be tiled before the expiration of that time. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The first and true inventor, which is interpreted to in- 
clude the first and true importer of the invention within the Colony. 

Patents, Kind and Duration. — Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for 
fourteen years, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. Extensions may some- 
times be obtained for seven or fourteen years by making due application. In case of 
prior foreign patents, the patent will expire with the first expiring foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

NoTelty, Effect cf Prior Patent or Publication. — To obtain a valid patent the 
application therefor must be filed before the invention has been published or otherwise 
become publicly known or used in British Honduras. Publication of the invention or 
the fact that prior patents have been obtained in other countries cannot affect the validity 
of a patent subsequently obtained in the colony, provided the invention is new there at 
the time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — A tax of $50 is payable to the government before the expiration of the 
third year of the life of the patent, counting from the day upon which the application 
is filed, and a further tax of |100 is payable before the expiration of the seventh year. 
There is no -provision made for obtaining an extension of time for making these pay- 
ments. 

Assignments. — These should be in the English language and in duplicate, and 
may be in any suitable form. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. It may be made before any official com- 
petent to take the same, but had better be made before a British Minister or Consul 
when convenient. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — No signatures necessary. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any suitable 

size. No signatures necessar3\ 

5. Power of attorney. — Signed by applicant. 



BKITISH HONDURAS. 27 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 



To 



The htimble i>etition of (here insert name, occtipation ana address of I'^etitione.r), for, &c. 
Showeth : 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for {title of the invention), which inven- 
tion he believes will be of great public utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof, and 
the same is not in use by any other person or persons, to the best of his knowledg'e and belief. 

Your petitioner, therefore, humbly prays that will be pleased to grant 

unto him, his executors, administrators and assigns, Letters Patent for the Colony of British 
Honduras, for the term of f oui-teen j^ears, pursuant to the statute in that case made and provided. 

And your petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

(Signature of Applicant.) 



DECLARATION. 



I {insert name, address and occupation of applicant), do solemnly and sincerely declare that I 
am in possession of an invention for {title as in petition), which Invention I believe will be of great 
public utility ; that I am the ti-ue and first inventor thereof ; and that the same is not in use by 
any other person or persons, to the best of my knowledge and belief {where a complete specijication 
is to be filed XDitn the 23etition and declaration, insert these Viords : " And that the instrument in 
writing under 'my hand and seal, hereunto annexed, ioarticularhj describes and ascertains the nature 
of the said invention, and t?ie manner in which the same is to be performed'"), and I make this 
declaration, conscientiously believing the same to be true. 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



Declared at this day of... 

A. D before me. 

{Signature and title of person taTcing declaration.) 

PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. 



I {name, address and occupation of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of the said inven- 
tion for {insert title as in petition) to be as follows {here insert description). 
Dated this day of A. D 

{To be signed by Applicant or Ms Agent.) 



SPECIFICATION. 

To all to whom these presents shaU come : 

I {name, address and occupation of applicant), send greeting : 

Whereas, Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by her Letters Patent, bearing date 

the day of A. D in the year of her 

reign, did for herself, her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me the said (name of applicant), 
her special license that I, the said (name of applicant), my executors, administrators and assigns, 
or such others as I, the said (name of aioplicant), my executors, administrators and assigns, should 
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the 
time therein expressed, shovild and lawfully might make, use, exercise and vend within the colony 
of British Honduras, an invention for {insert title as in Letters Patent), upon the condition (amongst 
others) that I, the said (name of applicant), by an instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, 
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said invention, and in Avhat manner 
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the oflfice of the Colonial Secretary 
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent : 

Now, know ye, that I, the said (name of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of my said 
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particulai-ly described and 
ascei'tained in and by the following statement : that is to say (describe the invention). 

In witness whereof , I, the said (na?)ie of applicant), have hex-eunto set my hand and seal this 

day of A.D 

(Signature of ApiJlicant.) [L. S.] 



BRITISH HONDURAS. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO. 



POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1862, and in the matter 
of {name, occupation and, address), an Inventor. 



I, the above-named {inset't name), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint. 



as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of British Honduras, an 
exclusive privilege or Letters Patent for (title of invention as per petition); and I authorize him to 
sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts, including the appointment of a sub- 
stitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. ^ 

Datedthis day of 18 

{Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.] 



Signed, sealed and delivex-ed at. 
in the presence of 



^xxM^lx lartlt §ovne0. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

The Colony of British North Borneo has adopted the Patent Law of the Straits 
Settlements as its own. As the Act is very short, we give below its full text, together 
with the Governor's Proclamation announcing the same. 



PROCLAMATION. 

No. 1, of 1887. 

A Proclamation to adopt the Straits Settlements Ordinance No. XII., of 1871, entitled " An 
Ordinance for Granting ExclusiA'C Pri\ileges to Inventors." 

(17th March, 1887.) 
By TVILLTAM HOOD TREACHER, Esquire, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Terri- 
tory of British North Borneo. 

[L. s.] WILLIAM HOOD TREACHER, 

Governor. 

WHEREAS, it is expedient to make provision by law for the encouragement of Inventors of 
new Manufactures by giving certain Exclusive Privileges to such Inventors. 

It is hereby enacted by the Government of British North Borneo as follows : 



Straits Settlements 
Inventions Orciinau 
ces 1871 adoptfcfi. 



1. The Ordinance of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements Num- 
bered XII., of 1871, and entitled "An Ordinance for Granting Exclusive Privi- 
leges to Inventors," and enacted on the 15th day of November, 1871, is hereby 
adopted as the. Law of this Territory, so far as the same shall be applicable to the 
circumstances of this Territoiy, and any references to pei-sons, places, or sub- 
jects in the said Ordinance shall be taken as referring to corresponding or analo- 
gous persons, places, or subjects in this Territory. 
Short title. 2. This Proclamation may be cited as the "Patents Proclamation, 1887," and 

Date of operation, shall come into Operation on the 1st of April, 1887. 

Given under my hand, and under the seal of the Territory, at Saudakan, this 17th day of 
March, 1887. 

By the Governor's Command, 

L. B. vox DONOP, 

Government Secretary. 
For further particulars, see "Straits Settlements." 



CANADA. 



The patent cove^-s the entire Dominion, composed of the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, 
New Brunsvicii, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, British Columbia, and the North- 
west Territories (also including the western part of Labrador, Keewatin, and Great Prairie Terri- 
tory). 

CHARGES. 

*PATENT, Cost of, all taxes paid for five years $27 50 

CAVEATS, operative for one year 15 00 

f TAXES , at or before the expiration of the fifth year 23 50 

tenth " 22 50 

DISCLAIMERS 7 50 

RE-ISSUE of Patents 35 00 

IMPORTATION of patented articles. Preparing and filing applica- 
tion for extension of time 5 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 5 00 

WORKING 20 00 

WORKING, preparing and filing application for extension of time.. 5 00 

* If it is desired that we shall peruse the specificatious to modify them, if necessary, so as to 
conform with the Canadian practice, ^5.00 must be added to the above charge. 

tlf desired, all taxes may be paid in full at the time of making- the application. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The actual and true inventor, his assigns or his legal rep- 
resentatives. Joint inventors may obtain a joint patent. The patent may he issued to 
the inventor alone, or to the inventor and his assignees, or to his assignees alone, but the 
inventor must sign the papers in all cases, if he be alive. If the inventor be dead his as- 
signee or legal representative may sign, stating in the oath that he believes that the in- 
ventor was the true and first inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention, which are granted for fifteen 
years, subject to the payment of the prescribed fees and proper working of the invention. 
In case of prior foreign patents, the patent will expire with the first expiring foreign 
patent. Extensions can only be obtained by special legislative act. Caveats may be filed 
by any intending applicant for a patent who has not yet perfected his invention, and 
the same will remain in force for one year. There is no provision for the renewal 
of Caveats. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions which have an illicit object in view, or any mere scien- 
tific principle or abstract theorem. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent 
the application should be filed before the invention has been in public use or on sale in 
Canada, with the consent or allowance of the inventor thereof, for more than one year, 
and in case a foreign patent exists for the same invention, before the expiration of twelve 
months from the date of such foreign patent. Section 16 of the law empowers the 
Commissioner of Patents to object to the grant of a patent for an invention which has 
been described in a book or other printed publication before the date of the application, 
or that is otherwise in possession of the public. 

Taxes.— If the taxes for the full term of fifteen years are not paid before the issue of 
the patent, a tax of $20 is payable during and before the expiration of the fifth year of 
the life of the patent, and a further tax of $20 before the expiration of the tenth year. 
No prolongation of time for making these payments can be obtained. 

Assignments. — These should be in the English language and in duplicate. No 
special form of document is prescribed. 



30 CANADA. 

Working". — The patent will be void at the end two of years, unless within that period 
the working of the invention shall have been commenced, and, after such commence- 
ment the construction or manufacture .of the invention must be continuously carried on 
in Canada, in such manner that any person desiring to use it may obtain it, or cause it to 
be made for him, at a reasonable price, at some manufactory or establishment for mak- 
ing or constructing it in Canada. This term of two years may usually be extended for 
from six months to one year upon application, which must be made not more than three 
months before the expiration of the two year period. 

It is considered by good authorities in Canada, that the actual and continuous 
manufacture of the patented invention is not necessary to constitute a legal working, 
and it is now the practice to work the patent by concluding arrangements with some 
agent or manufacturer to be prepared to make the patented articles, and then to ad- 
vertise that they can be obtained on application to the said agent or manufacturer. 

Special. MARKING PATENTED AUTICLES.— Patented articles must be 
marked or stamped with the word "Patented," together with the year of the date of 
the patent ; as, for instance, " Patented 1887,'"' or as the case may be. 

IMPORTATION OF PATENTED ARTICLES.— X patent may be declared void 
if the patentee or his assigns, after the expiration of twelve months from the grant 
of the patent, imports the invention or causes the same to be imported into Canada. The 
term for importmg may usually be extended for a further period, by making proper 
application. 

AMENDMENT OF SPECIFICATION— The specification may be amended at 
any time by way of disclaimer. Patents may be re-issued and amended wherever they 
are deemed to be inoperative or defective, when it appears that the error arose from 
inadvertence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent or deceptive intention. 

MODELS OR SPECIMENS.— Whenever the invention admits of being exhibited 
by a model, a neat and substantial working model must be furnished. It must be so 
constructed as to show exactly every part of the invention claimed, and its mode of work- 
ing. In size it should not exceed twelve inches on the longest side, imless a larger 
size is allowed by special permission. 

Whenever the invention is a composition of matter, specimens of the ingredients 
and of the composition are required, sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment. 
The specimens should be contained in glass bottles. When the ingredients and compo- 
sition are of an explosive nature, they are to be furnished only when, and as, specially 
required. 

Both models and bottles must, in all cases, bear the name of the inventor, the title 
of the invention, and the date of the application. Formerly, unless specially needed, 
they were not required to be furnished until after the grant of the patent, but under the 
present practice the patent will neither be granted nor issued until the model or specimen 
is received by the Patent Oflice. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The papers should be written or printed on legal cap, on one side only. 

1. Petition. — Signed by the applicant. 

2. Power of Attorney.— Signed by the applicant and one or two witnesses. 

3. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. 

4. Drawings in duplicate.— On tracing cloth. The sheets must measure exactly 
eight inches wide by thirteen inches high. As many sheets may be used as are neces- 
sary. Beside the drawings on tracing cloth it is necessary to furnish an additional view 
or views upon a sheet of good white bristol board of exactly the same size as the trac- 
ings. This last drawing is used by the Canadian Office to photo-lithograph from, and it 
is not necessary that it should include all the figures of the drawings; a single figure will 
be sufficient, provided it shows the entire invention clearly and fully. No reference 



CANADA. 31 

letters are required upon the bristol board drawing. The drawings need not be signed 
by the applicant. 

5. Oath. — Sworn, or affirmed to, and signed by the applicant. The oath may be 
made before any Justice of the Peace in Canada ; but if the applicant is not at the time 
in Canada, the oath may be made before any Minister Plenipotentiary, Charge cV Affairs, 
Consul, Vice-Consul or Consular Agent, holding commission under the government of 
the United Kingdom of Great Britain, or any judge of a court of record, or a Notary 
Pablic, or the Mayor or other chief magistrate of any city, borough or town corporate 
in the country in which the applicant happens at the time to be. The oath must in 
all cases be attested by the proper official seal of the officer before whom the oath is taken. 

6. The Model or Specimen. — (See remarks under heading of Special.) It is 
not absolutely necessary to file the model with the application, as the Canadian Patent 
Office will receive the papers and give a filing date without it, but the patent will neither 
be granted nor issued until the model is on file in the Patent Office. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. (BY A SOLE INVENTOR.) 

To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : 

The petition of i/iM name, aaaress and occupation of applicant). 
Showeth : 

That he hath invented new and useful improvements in (title of invention,) not known or used 
by others before his invention thereof, and not being- in public use or on sale, for more than one 
j^ear previous to his application, in Canada, with his consent or allowance as such inventor. 

Tour petitioner therefore prays that a patent may be granted to him for the said invention, 
as set forth in the specification in duplicate sent herewith, and for the purposes of the Patent Act, 
your petitioner elects his domicile in the city of Ottawa, Province of Ontario. 

{Place and date of signing. ) {Signature of Inventor.) 

PETITION BY JOINT INVENTORS. 

To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : 

The petition of (full name, address and occupation of one applicant) and 
{full name, address and occupation of the other applicant). 
Showeth : 

That they have jointly invented a new and iiseful improvement in (title of invention), not 
known or used by others before their invention thereof, and not being- in public use, or on sale, for 
more than one year previous to their application, in Canada, with their consent or allowance as 
such inventors. 

Your petitioners therefore pray that a patent may be granted to them jointly for the said 
invention as set forth in the specification in duplicate sent herewith, and, for the purposes of the 
Patent Act, your petitioners elect their domicile in the city of Ottawa, Province of Ontario. 

{Place and date of signing.) {Signatures of Applicants.) 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : 

The undersigned (name, full address and occupation), hereby appoints 

his attorney, with full powers of substitution and revocation, to prosecute an application for a 
patent for new and useful improvements in (title of invention), to sign the drawings, to receive the 
patent, and to transact all business in the Patent OflBce connected therewith. 

Signed at {date and place of signing). (Signature.) 

In presence of (signatures of tioo loitnesses). 

OATH (FOR A SOLE INVENTOR). 



I, (name, full address and occupation of inventor), make oath and say, that I verily beUeve that 
I am the inventor of the new and useful improvements in {title of invention), described and claimed 
in the annexed specification in duplicate, and for which I soUcit a patent by my petition, dated 
{date of petition). And I further say that the several allegations contained in the said petition are 
respectively true and correct. 

Sworn before me at (date and place of signing.) (Signature.) 

(Signature, title of office, and seal of person administering oath.) 



-32 CANADA. 

OATH (FOR JOINT INVENTORS), 



We, {name, full address and occupation of one inventor), and (name, full address and occupation 
of the otnerinventor), do hereby severally make oath and say, and 

1st. I, this deponent {name of first inventor), for myself, do hereby make oath and say that I 
verily beheve that I and the said {name of other inventor) are the inventors of the new and useful 
improvements in {title of invention), described and claimed in the annexed specification, in dupU- 
cate, for wliich we sohcit a patent by our petition to the Commissioner of Patents, dated ((Za^e of 
petition). And I further say that- the several alleg-ations contained in the said petition are respec- 
tively true and correct, and 

2d. I, this deponent {name of second inventor), for myself, do hereby make oath and say that 
I verily beheve that I and the above-named {name of Jlrst inventor) are the inventors of the new 
and useful improvements in {title of invention), described and claimed in the annexed specification 
in duphcate, for which we solicit a patent by our petition to the Commissioner of Patents dated 
{date of petition). And I further say that the several allegations contained in the said petitions are 
respectively true and correct. {Signatures of Inventors.) 

Sworn before me, by the said {name of first inventor), and {name of otiier inventor), this {date and 
jplace of signing). 

{Signature, title of office and seat of person administering oath.) 

SPECIFICATION FOR A MACHINE. 

To all whom it may concern : 

Be it known that I, {name, full address and occupation), have invented certain new and useful 

improvements in {title of invention), and I do hereby declare that the f oUowina- is a full, clear and 

exact description of the same. 

Reference being- made to the accompanying- drawing- in which : 

{Here should follow description of drawing and of the invention.) 

Having- thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by patent is : 

{Here insert claims.) {Signature ot Tnventoi'.) 

{Date and place of signing.) 

Sig-ned in the presence of ) , 

{Signatures of two witnesses.) ) 

SPECIFICATION FOR AN ART OR PROCESS (JOINT INVENTORS.) 
To all whom it may concern : 

Be it known that we {name, full address and occupation of one inventor), and {name, full ad- 
dress and occu,pation of the otlier inventor), have jointly invented anew and useful improvement 
in the art or process of {title of invention), and we do hereby declare that the following- Is a full, 
clear and exact description of the same : 

{Here should follow metJiodical description of invention and process in detail.) 

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by patent is (insert claims), 

{Signatures of Inventors.) 

{Date and place of signing.) 

SigTted in the presence of 

{Signatures of two loitnesses) 

SPECIFICATION FOR A COMPOSITION OF MATTER. 
To all whom it may concern : 

Be it known that I, {name, full address and occupation of applicant), have invented a certain 
new and useful composition of matter to be used in {title of invention), and I do hereby declare that 
the following is a full, clear and exact description of the same : 

{Here should follow description of invention, stating proportions of ingredients hy roeight or 
measure, how compounded, its uses, etc.) 

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by patent, is {insert claims). 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

{Date and place of signing.) 

Sig-ned in the presence of ) 

{Signatures of two witnesses. ) \ 



CAVEATS, 



The documents required for caveats are : 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Specification. — Signed by applicant and two witnesses. 

3. Drawing. — (It is not necessary to furnish a drawing if the invention can be 
comprehended without.) 



CANADA. CANARY ISLANDS. CAPE COLONY. 33 

4. Oath.— Signed and sworn to as in case of application for patent. 

5. Power of Attorney. — As in case of application for patent. 

FORMS. 

PETITION IN CASE OF CAVEAT. 

To the Commissioner of Patents, Ottawa : 

ThP nndersio-ned (name, full address and occupation of inventor), an intending- applicant for a 
Datent who has" made certain new and useful improvements in {title o/ mventio^i)^ and has not 
perfected his invention, prays that this specification may be filed as a caveat an the Patent Office. 
(Here describe tlie invention.) {Signature of Inventor.) 

, OATH IN CASE OE CAVEAT. 

■ "t" '(name 'fuli address and occupation of inventor), make oath and say that I ana the inventor 
of the^Srentton described in the foregoing specification, and that the allegations contamed 
therein are respectively true and correct. ^Signature of Inventor.) 

Sworn lyefove me (date and place of signing). , . ., . 

Dwui u ucxu {Signature, title of office and seal of person administer uig oath ) 



These islands belong to Spain and are covered by its patents. 



€^t Mm\i. [(^^u d #004 ^t^p. 



CHARGES. 

♦PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for three years $110 00 

EXTENSION of Patent 125 00 

TAXES, Third year 60 00 

Seventh " 110 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 25 00 

*The Attorney General may call to his aid scientific persons or experts in the examination of 
applications. The fees of such experts are usually from $25 to $50, which is an additional expense. 
Such expense, however, is seldom incui'red. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may Ibe Patentee. — The true and first inventor, which is interpreted to in- 
clude the true and first importer of the invention within the Colony. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for four- 
teen years, but will expire with any first expiring prior foreign patent. The patent can 
sometimes be extended for an additional term of seven and perhaps fourteen years. The 
patent is dated as of the day upon which the application is filed. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent on this point. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 
application therefor must be filed before any publication or putjlic use of the invention 
within the Colony. Publication, or the fact'^that an invention has been patented, in a 
foreign country, does not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent so long as the 
invention is new within the Colony, at the lime the application is filed. 



34 CAPE COLONY. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 

Taxes.— A tax of £10 is payable before the end of the third year of the life of the 
patent, counting from the date of the application, and a further tax of £20, before the 
expiration of the seventh year. There are no provisions for extending the time for 
making payment. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate. Any suitable form may be used. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification in duplicate. — May be signed by the applicant or his attorney. 
May be written on legal cap. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any convenient 
size. No signatures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant. 

FORMS. 

SPECIFICATION. 

To all to whom these presents shall come : I, {Insert name, address and occupation), send greet- 
ing : Whereas I am desirous of obtaining letters patent for securing unto me Her Majesty's 
special license that I, my executors and assigns, and such others as I or they should at any time 
agree with, and no othei-s,should and lawfully might, from time to time and at all times during the 
term of fourteen years (to be computed from the day on which this instrument shall he left at 
the office of the Colonial Secretary), make, use, exercise, and vend within the colony of the Cape 
of Good Hope, an invention for {insert the title of the invention) ; and in order to obtain the said 
letters patent, I must by an instrument in writing under my hand, particularly describe and 
ascertain the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and 
must also enter into the covenant hereinafter contained : Now know ye that the nature of the 
said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particiilarly described 
and ascertained in and bj^ the following statement, that is to say {describe tJie invention). And I do 
hereby, for myself, my heirs and executors, covenant with Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, 
that I believe the said invention to be a new invention as to the public use and exercise 
thereof, and that I do not know or believe that any person other that myself is the true and first 
inventor of the said invention, and that I will not deposit these presents at the office of the 
Colonial Secretary with any such knowledge or belief as last aforesaid. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at this day of 

18.... 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



POWER OP ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of Act No. 17, of 1860, of the Government of the 
» Cape of Good Hope, and in the matter of {name, occupation 

and address), an inventor. 

I, the above-named {name of applicant) do hereby retain, constitute and appoint 

as my Agent and Attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of the 

Cape of Good Hope, Letters Patent for {state title of invention as in petition), and I authorize him 
to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts regarding the same, including the 
appointment of a substitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this..... day of 18 

Signed, sealed and delivered at ) 



V {Signature of Applicant.) [Ij. ^.1 

in the presence of • ) 



These islands belong to Portugal and are covered by its patent. 



CEYLOK. 35 



€l^yto* 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, total cost of, if an English Patent lias been obtained. .. .|110 00 

" if no " " " 150 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, recording • 25 00 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who May Ibe Patentee.— The inventor, his assignee, executor, administrator oi 
heir, or the owner, or first importer of the invention into Ceylon. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention (or Importation) which are granted 
for fourteen years from the date of the filing of the application. Patents may some- 
times be extended for an additional term of fourteen years. 

Unpatentable. — No person is entitled to a patent, if the invention at the time of 
application is not a new invention in Ceylon, or if the applicant is not the inventor or 
importer thereof into Ceylon, or if the specification filed does not particularly describe 
the nature of the invention, and in what manner the same is to be carried out. The 
law also provides that the exclusive privilege will cease if the invention or the mode in 
which it is exercised is declared by the Governor to be mischievous to the State, or 
generally prejudicial to the public. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 
application must be filed before any public use of the invention in Ceylon. The public 
use of an invention prior to the application is not deemed a public use within the mean- 
ing of the law, if the knowledge thereof has been obtained surreptitiously, or in fraud 
of the inventor, or shall have been communicated to the public in fraud of the inventor, 
or in breach of confidence, provided the inventor applies for leave to file a specification 
within six months after the commencement of such public use, and has not pre- 
viously acquiesced in such public use. The use of an inventionin public by the inventor, 
or by his servants or agents, or by any other person by his license in writing, is not 
deemed a public use within the meaning of the law. Publication or prior patenting of 
an invention in a foreign country will not prevent the obtaining of a valid patent pro- 
vided the application is filed before any public use of the invention in Ceylon. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — These should be prepared in duplicate. Any suitable form and 
paper may be used. 

Working". — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

All documents should be written on legal cap, one side only. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration to accompany Petition.— Signed by applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by applicant. 

4. Declaration to accompany Specification.- Signed by applicant. 

5. _ Drawings in duplicate. — May be made on drawing board or tracing cloth, any 
convenient size. No signatures necessary. 

6. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant. 



36 CEYLOK. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 
To the Governor of Ceylon : 

The humble petition of Qiere insert name, occupation ana place of 7'esidence) for leave to file a 
specification under the Inventions Ordinance, 1859. 
Showeth : 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for {state the title of invention), -which 
invention he believes wiU be of public utility ; that he is the inventor or owner of the said inven- 
tion (or, as tlie case may be, the assignee, or executor, or administrator, or heir of the inventor or 
owner of the said invention), and that the same is not publicly known or used in Ceylon, to the best 
of his knowledg-e and belief (pr, as tJie case may be, that he is the first importer into Ceylon of tlie 
said invention and that tlie same is not publicly Tcnoicn or used in Ceylon. 

If Letters Patent have been obtained for this invention in England, Jiere state the fact, the date 
thereof and the term during ichich the same are to continue in force. 

The following is a description of the invention (here describe it). 

Your petitioner therefore prays for leave to file a specification of the invention, pursuant to 
the pro\asions of the Inventions Ordinance, 1859, and your petitioner will ever praj', &c. 

The day of 18.... 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION TO ACCOMPANY PETITION. 

I, {he^'e insert name, occupation and place of residence), do solemnly and sincerely declare that 
I am in possession of an invention for {state the title of the invention precisely as in petition) : that 
I believe the said invention will be of public utility ; that I am the inventor or owner of the said 
invention {or, as the case may be, the assignee, or executor, or administrator, or heir of the inventor 
or owner of tlie said invention ; or that Iain tlie first importer of the said invention into Ceylon), and 
that the same is not publicly known or used in Ceylon, to the best of my knowledge and belief ; 
and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, my said invention is truly described in my peti- 
tion for leave to file a specification thereof. 

The day of 18.... 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

SPECIPICATION. 

To all whom it may concern : Be it known that I {here insert name, occupation and place of 
residence), am in possession of an invention for {here state title of invention precisely as in petition), 
and I, the said (liere insert name), do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what 
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the 
following statement thereof, that is to say : 

The invention has for its object {here describe the invention fully, with reference to th£ draw, 
ings, if any). 

Witness. /Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION TO ACCOMPANY SPECIFICATION. 

I, {here insert name, occupation andplace of residence), do solemnly declare that I am in posses- 
sion of an invention for {state title of invention precisely as in petition), which invention I beUeve 
will be of public utility ; that I am the inventor or owner of the said invention {or, as the case 
m,ay be, the assignee, or executor, or administrator, or heir of the inventor or owner of the said in- 
vention ; or that lam tlie first importer of the said invention into Ceylon), and that the same is not 
publicly known or used in Ceylon, to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that, to the best 
of my knowledge and belief, the instrument in writing under my hand, hereunto annexed, partic- 
ularly describes and ascertains the nature of the said invention, and In what manner the same is 
to be performed. 

The day of 18.... 

{Signature of Applicant). 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Inventions Ordinance of 1859, of the Government of 
Ceylon, and in the matter of {name, occupation and address), an Inventor. 

I, the above-named {here insert name), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint 

as my agent and attorney to apply for and obtain from the Government of Ceylon, Letters Patent 
for {state title of invention precisely as in j^etition), and I authorize him to sign my name to such 
papers and writings, and to do such acts regarding the same, including the appointment of a sub- 
stitute or substitutes as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this day of 18.... 

{Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.] 
Signed, sealed and delivered at 

in the presence of 



CHANNEL ISLANDS. CHILI. 37 



The British Patent no longer covers the Channel Islands. When the last English 
Act was passed, copies were sent to the Legislative Assembly, so that that body might 
frame a measure upon the same lines, applicable to the islands. Two such Acts were 
drawn up ; the first was not approved by the English Board of Trade andwas re- 
turned to be improved. The second was passed, but at the date of our last advices it had 
not yet received the Royal sanction. 

It is, however, possible to obtain protection in the Island of Jersey for inventions 
already patented in Great Britain, by the registration of a certified copy of such patent 
upon the Rolls of the Royal Court. We undertake such registrations at a charge of 
$75.00. We understand that similar protection may be obtained in the island of Guern- 
sey, in the same manner and at the same cost. Further particulars will be given on 
application. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, total cost of, all taxes paid $250 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 60 00 

WORKINGS, Nominal 75 00 

* The above charge includes the translation of the specification up to 2,000 words ; $1 must be 
added for every 100 words in the specification in excess of 3,000. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee.— The author or inventor of any art, manufacture, machine 
or instrument, preparation of materials or any improvement thereof. 

Patents, Kind and Term— Patents of Invention. The law of September 9, 1840, 
fixed the maximum term of a patent at ten years, but a law of January 20, 1883, gave 
power to the President of the Republic to extend the term of a patent to as much as 
twenty years. The term of a patent is fixed by the government in each case. The 
practice at present is to allow inventors the maximum term in almost all cases. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — To obtain a valid patent, the in 
vention must be unknown in Chili at the time the application is filed. Prior publica- 
tion or patents in foreign countries will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid 
patent in Chili, provided the invention is new there at the time the application is filed. 
Whenever an application is filed for an invention that is known aod practiced in a for- 
eign country, the particulars as to the application are published in the Official Gazette; 
and interested parties can, within thirty days from the date of such publication, oppose 
the grant of a patent upon showing that the invention or industry has been put into 
practice in Chili, or that steps have been taken and expense incurred for the introduc- 
tion of the same, prior to the date of the filing of the application. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 



38 CHILI. CHINA (CHINESE EMPIRE). 

Assig'nmeiits. — The documents should be in the Spanish language and be executed 
in duplicate, and legalized by a Chilian Consul. In case the patent has not been taken 
out through our agency, a Power of Attorney, also legalized by a Chilian Consul, should 
be furnished. 

We can obtain the leg-alization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each legalization. 

Working.— A term is fixed in each patent for the establishment of the machinery, 
plant, or manufacture of the patented article in Chili, on the conclusion of which the 
term of the patent will commence to run. If, at the expiration of this term of estab- 
lishment the invention has not " come into work " the patent lapses, as it will also do if 
the working is abandoned for more than one year at a time, or if the products are adul- 
terated, becoming inferior to the samples, specimens or models exhibited. It will be seen 
therefore that a full and actual manufacture of the patented article in Chili is called for. 
It is of course impossible for us to establish a fixed price at which we will undertake to 
make actual workings ; we will, however, obtain estimates of cost in individual cases 
upon receipt of necessary particulars. 

We quote a price for nominal workings for the reason that many workings of this 
kind are ordered. It must be understood, however, that we cannot recommend them or 
become responsible in any way for their suflBciency. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Power of Attorney.— Signed by inventor. Must be legalized by a Chilian 
Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic (which see). 

2. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the inventor. Any suitable form. 

3. Drawing's in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, of any conven- 
ient size, leaving ample margin at the sides. No signature necessary. 

Note. — The Chilian law requires an oath, but as the Attorney is allowed to sign same, it is not 
necessary to send it. When desired we can obtain the legalization of the documents here at a 
cost of S3.00 each, which includes Consular and Agencj-fees. 



^Um [(Bmpxt t^f}. 



There are no existing National laws in China for the protection of inventions, and 
the only methods by which foreigners can obtain protection, are as follows : 

1. By securing a special grant from the National authorities, conferring on the 
grantee a monopoly of the manufacture and sale of the invention. 

2. By registering copies of the specification and drawings of the invention in the 
Chinese Foreign Office and at a foreign Consulate, and by due publication of the inven- 
tion and the inventor's rights of ownership in the principal Chinese official newspapers. 

The first method is an expensive one, involving a cost of from $1,000 to $5,000 or 
more, without any certainty of obtaining the grant. 

The last method is not so expensive, and would seem to afford 'fully as much protec- 
tion as the former. 

Under existing arrangements with our agent in China, we are prepared to receive 
orders for the registration and publication of inventions at a uniform charge of $225. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

A power of attorney in the English language and duplicate copies of specifications 
and drawings. Almost any form of documents may be used. 



COCHIN CHINA. COLOMBIA. 39 

See France. 



The Isthmus of Panama, from the southern border line of Costa Rica, and the old State of 
New Granada, now form part of the United States of Colombia. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, Cost of, for 5 years, all taxes paid $150 00 

10 " " " 200 00 

15 " " " 250 00 

20 " " " 300 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 50 00 

WORKING, Nominal, about 100 00 

*The labove charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. $1.00 must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The inventor, importer, or holder of a foreign patent for 
any invention or improvement of mechanical apparatus, combination of materials, or 
process, or for the making and sale of any manufacture or industrial product. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for five, 
ten, fifteen, or twenty years as the applicant may elect. A patent granted in Colombia 
for an invention already patented in a foreign country expires with the foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions endangering public health or security, or that are 
opposed to morality or to existing rights. The law also provides that no privileges shall 
be granted for the importation of natural or manufactured productions from foreign 
countries. 

Novelty, Eifect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application must be filed before the invention is known in Colombia. Inventions already 
patented in a foreign country, may be patented in Colombia at any time during the life 
of such foreign patent, provided the invention is not publicly known in Colombia at the 
time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Should be in the Spanish language, and in duplicate. They must 
be legalized by a Colombian Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each legalization. 

Working. — The law provides that "A patent for a new industry shall be void 
when said industry is not practiced during a whole year, unless unavoidable circum- 
stances should have intervened." In the absence of decisions covering this point, it is 
not possible to say just what working is required to satisfy the law, and what cireum- 
stances will be held to justify a failure to make the first or any subsequent working. 
There is not much doubt, however, that the intent of the law is to insure the establish- 
ment of a new industry in Colombia with the grant of every patent, and to demand that 



40 COLOMBIA. COXGO FREE STATE. 

the manufacture of the patented article be carried on there continuously, or at least that 
such manufacture shall not be interrupted for a whole year at any one time. We cannd 
quote a fixed charge for actual workings, but will submit estimates of cost in individual 
cases upon receiving the necessary particulars. We quote a price for nominal workings, 
as many of these are demanded, but it must be understood that we do not recommend 
them nor guarantee their sufficiency in any way. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification in duplicate. — On any paper and in any form. No signatures 
necessary. 

2. DraTTings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any convenient 
size. Xo signature necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant. This should be legalized by a 
Colombian Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic (which see). 

4. If a prior foreign patent exists, a certified copy of the same must be furnished, 
which must be legalized by a Colombian Consul. 

Note.— If desired we can obtain the legalization of documents here at a cost of $3.00 for each 
legalization, which includes Tooth Consular and Agency fees. 



(&mp ixtt ^UU. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $110 00 

*PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 60 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 20 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 3,000 Trords, 35 cents must be 
added for each 100 words contained in the specification in excess of that number. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — Practically anyone, whether the inventor or not. The 
assignee of an inventor cannot obtain a strictly valid Patent of Invention, but may obtain 
a valid Patent of Importation. In case the applicant is not the actual inventor, it will be 
well for him to first obtain the written consent of the inventor, authorizing him to apply 
for the patent in his own name, and to have this document legalized by a Belgian 
Consul. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents are of three kinds: Patents of Invention granted 
for a term of twenty years ; Patents of Importation, the term of which is limited by the 
term of the foreign patent upon which it is based; and Patents of Addition (for improve- 
ments upon an original invention) which expire at the same time as the original j^atent. 
All patents date from the filing of the application. 

Unpatentable. — The law makes no exceptions, but provides that every discovery 
and every improvement capable of being worked as an object of industry or commerce, 
is patentable. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The law is silent upon this 
point, but the practice is the same as for Belgium (which see). 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 



CONGO FREE STATE. COSTA RICA. 41 

Assignments. — These should be executed in duplicate in the same form as for 
Belgian assignments, and be legalized by a Belgian Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here when desired, at a cost of $3.50 for each legalization. 
Working-. — The law makes no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required are precisely the same as for Belgium (which see). The 
Power of Attorney must be legalized by a Belgian Consul. 

"We can obtain the legalization here when desired, at a cost of $2.50. 

If the application is for a Patent of Addition, information should be supplied setting 
forth the date and term of the original patent, and the country where it was granted. 



€ma. 



There is at present no law for the protection of inventions in this country. It is 
believed, however, that special grants, having the same force as patents, would be allowed 
should any application* be made for them. In case any demand for such protection in 
this country should arise, we will arrange for the same. 



See France. 

®0^ta pa* 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. • 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will undertake to procure them at a 
charge of $300 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance in case the cost 
exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili. The power of Attorney should be legalized by a Consul of 
Costa Rica. 

"We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00. 



42 CUBA. CYPRUS, DANISH WEST INDIES. 



Article 8 of the Spanish Law, provides that all patents shall be considered as 
granted, not only for the Peninsula and adjacent islands, but also for the provinces 
beyond the sea, thus including Cuba, but before the patent can be enforced, or any legal 
formalities in connection with the patent, such as prosecution for infringement, transfer of 
rights, etc., take place in Cuba, the patent must be officially registered for the Colonies, 
sit the Colonial Office at Madrid. This may be done at any time during the life of the 
patent. Our charge for this registration, including all fees, is $10.00. 



®ypmsJ^ 



A law for the protection of inventions, trade-marks and copyrights was lately intro- 
duced in the Legislative Council by the government, but was rejected by reason of the 
strenuous opposition of the native members, who command a majority in the Council. We 
are advised that unless the Colonial Office exercises its power of legislating upon the 
subject by order in Council, there is little prospect of there being any patent law in 
Cyprus for some time to come. It is possible that special grants could be obtained, but 
all such measures would doubtless be strongly opposed by the natives. 



§mx^l\ Wt^t §nAm. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $75 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 27 50 

WORKING 50 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words ; 50 cents must be 
added for each 100 words contained in the specification above 2,000. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

There is as yet no special law, but patents are granted upon application by the King 
of Denmark, upon the same general terms and conditions as the Danish patent. (See 
Denmark for further particulars.) 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

Same as for Denmark, which see. 



DENMARK. 4S 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes, paid $35 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 10 00 

WORKING (not including freight charges) 30 00 

*Tlie above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond that 
number, 50 cents must be added for each 100 words. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

No patent laws have been passed in Denmark, but inventions are protected by 
Royal Letters Patent, granted through the Ministry of the Interior, in accordance witb 
rules prescribed by the traditional practice of that department. 

Who may be Patentee. — Any person, whether the inventor or not, a firm or cor- 
poration. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention and Importation. The duration 
of the patent is fixed by the government, and may be three, four or five years. Import- 
ant inventions are protected for ten, and, in exceptional cases, for fifteen years. Patents 
are seldom granted to foreigners for more than five years. The patent will expire with 
the expiration of any prior foreign patent. The patent dates from the date of its issue. 

Unpatentable. — All new and useful inventions are patentable. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — A valid patent may be ob- 
tained at any time, and without regard to prior patents or publication, provided the in- 
vention has not been used in Denmark at the time the application is filed. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate, and should be legalized by 
a Danish Consul. It is best to have the documents prepared in Denmark. 

We can obtain the legalization here, if desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular and 
Agency fees. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within one year of the issue date of the 
patent, and the working must be repeated each year. In the case of machinery or appa- 
ratus, it is considered sufficient to import one or more of the patented articles into Den- 
mark, and expose and advertise it or them for sale. In case of a process, it should be 
carried into practice in Denmark. Official proof of each working should be obtained. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification.— Written or printed on any paper. No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On any material, tracing cloth preferred, any con- 
venient size. No signatures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. No witnesses or legalization are 
necessary. The usual French power may be used. (See France.) 



44 DUTCH INDIES. DUTCH GUIANA. ECUADOR 



AND 



§nkk me^t §n&m. 



These Colonies have been declared members of the International Convention for the 
protection of industrial property, but have no patent laws as yet. 



§uk}i ^nmm [Mxxmm]. 



There is as yet no patent law in this colony, and we know of no way in which in- 
ventions can be protected there. 



^tmAm. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $200 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 40 00 

WORKING, not including freight charges or cost of manufacture. 75 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 Yi^ords. Bej^ond this 
number, $1.00 must be added for every 100 words. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may Ibe Patentee. — The first inventor or the first importer of a machine or 
of a new method or process into Ecuador. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for a term not less 
than ten years or more than fifteen. Patents of Importation, granted as follows : If 
the introduction of the invention requiries a preliminary outlay of 25,000 pesos, the 
term of the patent is three years ; if the outlay amounts to 50,000 pesos, the term 
is six years ; if the expense reaches 100,000 pesos, the term is extended to ten 
years. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions contrary to the laws of the State or the public 
safety, and the regulations of the police ; secret remedies ; articles which show only 
a slight modification over those already known and practiced, or which merely relate 
to objects of adornment. 



ECUADOR. EGYPT. FALKLAND ISLANDS. 45 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The law provides that a 
patent shall become void when it is proven that it was obtained for an invention 
already described and published in the press, either within or without the Republic. 
A valid patent may be obtained at any time for an invention already patented in a 
foreign country, provided that the application is made before the invention is 
known and practiced in Ecuador or described and published in the press of any 
country. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assig'nments. — Must be recorded at the risk of forfeiting the patent. The docu- 
ments should be in duplicate, in the Spanish language, and must be legalized by a Con- 
sul of Ecuador. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within one year and one day from the 
grant of the patent. In the case of machinery or apparatus it is considered sufficient to 
import one or more ©f the articles into Ecuador, and operate same there. In the case of 
a process, it must be carried into practice there. Patents of Importation must be 
worked within the same limits of time, and by the actual establishment of the industry 
to which the invention relates, in Ecuador. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper. No signatures re- 
quired. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth. No signatures 
required. 

3. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant and legalized by a Consul of 
Ecuador. The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic (which see). 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



OEgjjjjt. 



Nominally, the Turkish patent covers Egypt, but the protection is doubtful. There 
^*s no special patent law in this country, and so far as we can learn there is no way in 
yvhich inventions may be protected there at present. We are informed that the Egyptian 
government has a patent law under consideration, and that there is some prospect of its 
being passed in the near future. 



latfetottd i^tettd^. 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will probably grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is likely 
to prove of practical utility in the country. 



46 FALKLAND ISLANDS. FAROE ISLANDS. FIJI ISLANDS. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $150 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases, 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The power of attorney should be legalized by a 
British Consul, 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.50. 



^moic i^knil^< 



CHARGES. 

^PATENTS, cost of, all taxes paid $70 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 22 50 

WORKING 50 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2.000 words; 50 cents must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification above 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

There is as yet no special law, but patents are granted upon application by the King 
of Denmark (the Faroe Islands being a Danish possession), upon the same general terms 
and conditions as the Danish patent. (See Denmark for further particulars.) 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Denmark, which see. 



^iji ^siland$i» 



CHARGES. 

*PRO VISIONAL PATENT, for six months $90 00 

COMPLETING same 95 00 

$185 00 

*0r, COMPLETE in first instance, all taxes paid 175 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 22 50 

*The above cbarg-e does not include cost of possible opposition, for which special arrange- 
-ment will be made in each case. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The first and true inventor, his heirs, executors, adminis- 
trators or assigns. 



FIJI ISLANDS. 47 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patent of Invention, granted for fourteen years. 
Provisional Patent, granted for the term of six months. Where Provisional Patents are 
obtained the complete specification must be filed, if at all, before the expiration of the 
term of the provisional protection. In case of prior foreign patents, the patent will 
become void immediately upon the revocation, cancellation , or othei- determination of the 
first of such Letters Patent. 

Unpatentable. — The law provides that no person shall be entitled to a patent, {a) 
If the invention is of no utility, {h) If the invention at the time of presenting the 
petition is not a new invention, (c) If the petitioner is not the true and first inventor 
thereof, (d) If the petition or specification contain a wilfully false statement. 

Novelty, Eifect of Prior Patent or Publication. — Publication of the invention, 
or the fact that prior patents have been obtained therefor in other countries will not 
prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, provided the application is filed be- 
fore any publication, or any public use or knowledge of the invention within the Fiji 
Islands. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate and in the English language. They 
may be in any usual form, and had better be acknowledged before a Notary Public. 

Workinj^. — There are no requirements. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — Should be written on legal cap, on one side only. 
No signatures necessary. 

4. Drawing's in duplicate. — May be on drawing board or tracing cloth, any 
convenient size. No signatures required. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. 

FORMS. 

The form for the complete specification and power is the same as for the Bahama Islands, the 
name of the colony being changed, and the title of the Act, which for Fiji is, "The Patents 
Ordinance, 1879." If a provisional specification is filed, the same form can be used as for 
British Honduras. 

PETITION. 

I {insert name, address and occupation of applicant), do hereby humbly petition his Excellency 
the Governor for Letters Patent in respect of an invention, for (state title of invention). 

I have furnished with this petition the necessary specifications or instruments particularly 
describing the nature of the said invention, and a solemn declaration that I am the true and first 
inventor thereof, in accordance with law. 

(Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION. 

I (insert name, address and occupation of applicant), do solemnly and sincerely declare that I 
am in possession of an invention for, (insert title as in petition), which I believe will be of great 
public utility ; that I am the true and first inventor thereof, and that the same is not in use by any 
other person or persons, to the best of my knowledge and belief, and that the instrument in 
writing under my hand, hereunto annexed, particularly describes and ascertains the nature of the 
said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed. 

(Signature of Applicant.) 



48 FINLAND. 

^inland. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT,-cost of, all taxes paid, usually , $200 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing andr ecording 30 00 

WORKING, (exclusive of freight charges) from $50 00 to 100 00 

*The above charge includes the translation of "the specification up to 2,000 words. $1.00 must 
be added for every 100 words in the specification in excess of 2.000. 

The cost of Finnish patents varies largely. A tax of 20 marks is payable to the Government 
for each year of the duration of the patent, which may be from three to twelve years as fixed by 
the Government ; besides this, the patent and the description must be publishe'd three times in 
the official Finnish and Swedish newspapers, the cost of the publication varying according to the 
length of the description. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 
Who may be Patentee. — The inventor only is entitled to the patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention, granted for new inventions and 
for improvements upon the same. The duration of the patent is fixed by the Govern- 
ment, and may be any term of years, from. three to twelve. Where there is a prior 
foreign patent the Finnish patent will expire with it. 

Unpatentable. — Patents are not granted for the preparation of medicines, nor for 
any invention which is of such a nature that the employment of the same would be con- 
trary to the existing laws, to the public safety, or to good morals. The use of a new 
principle is not patentable, but the manner, method or means for the employment of 
such an invention may be made the subject of a patent. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— Sec. 3 of the law reads as 
follows : "If any person has obtained a patent in a foreign country, and has thereby 
been compelled to publish a description of the manner in which the invention is to be 
applied, a patent may, nevertheless, be granted to him for a given time in Finland also, 
but not for a longer period than that within which the patent granted in the foreign 
country will expire. If no prior patent exists the application should be filed before any 
publication of the invention and before any introduction of the articles for which the 
patent is to be obtained into Finland. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Assignments should be in duplicate, and must be accompanied by 
a Power of Attorney, in blank, authorizing the execution of all legal formalities, in 
order to legalize the deed in Finland. All the documents must be legalized by a Russian 
Consul. It is best to have the papers prepared in Finland. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $2.50, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within two years of the issue date of the 
patent, and the working must not be stopped for as long as a whole year at a time there- 
after. The Senate may limit the time within which the invention must be worked to one 
year, and may, on petition, extend it up to four years at the most. In the case of ma- 
chinery or apparatus, it is considered sufficient to import one of the machines or appa- 
ratus and have the same operated there. In case of a process, it must be carried into 
practice. Proof of the working must be delivered to the Government. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper, any suitable form. 
No signatures necessarv. 



FINLAND. FRANCE. 49 

2. Drawing's in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any convenient 
size. No signatures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant, all names in full, and legalized by 
a Russian Consul, The usual French power may be used. (See France.) 

"When desired, -we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $2.50, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 

4. Wlien a prior for* ig'u patent exists, a certified copy of the patent must be 
furnished. This must be legalized in the same manner as the Power of Attorney. 



^xmu. 



The patent covers France and all her colonies, which maj' noAv be enumerated as follows : 
Alg'eria, Cambodia, Cochin-China, French Guiana, Guadaloupe, La Ee-Union, Loyalty Islands, 
Marquesas Islands, Martinique, Micquelon, New Caledonia, St. Pierre, Senegambia, and Tahiti. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $35 00 

*PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 20 00 

TAXES, payable annually, counting from date of application, each yea)'. 22 50 

ASSIGNMENTS, (Notarial, see ' ' Assignments") 5 00 

WORKING, Nominal, see "Working") 30 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond this 
number, 35 cents must be added for each 100 words. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Wlio may be Patentee. — Anyone, whether the inventor or not, a firm, or corpora- 
tion. In principle, the inventor only can obtain a patent. It has beea decided however, 
that there is nothing to prevent an inventor disposing of his invention to a third party, 
and with it the right to apply for the patent in his own name. The law only exacts one 
thing ; that the invention shall not have been practiced or known before the patent is 
obtained. Where the applicant is not the inventor, it would be well to obtain and keep 
the written consent of the latter, so that should any question be raised at a future time, 
the patentee could produce proof that he obtained the French patent in his own name 
with the consent of the inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention are granted for five, ten or fifteen 
years, as elected by the applicant subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes and the 
proper working of the invention. Patents of Importation (for inventions already 
patented abroad) are granted for a term not exceeding the life of the foreign patent upon 
which it is based, and expire with the first expiring foreign patent for the same inven- 
tion. Patents of Addition are granted for the life of the original patent and expire 
therewith. 

Unpatentable. — Medical compositions and medicines of every kind, and plans and 
combinations of credit or finance. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The fact that a prior foreign 
patent exists will not prevent, in itself, the obtaining of a perfectly valid French patent. 



50 FRANCE. 

but in all cases, to obtain a valid patent the application must be filed before any publi- 
cation of the invention in any country, and before the discoveiy or invention has received 
sufficient publicity in any way to enable it to be worked or put into practice. 

Taxes. — The patent is granted subject to the payment of an annual tax of 100 francs. 
This must be paid yearly in advance, counting from the date of the filing of the applica- 
tion. Xo extension of time for the payment of taxes can be obtained. 

Assignments. — Under the provisions of the French law, no assignment can be re- 
corded until all the taxes are paid for the full term of the patent. "This makes the 
expense of preparing and recording an assignment of a new patent, including payment 
of taxes, about $300.00. To avoid this expense it is usual to simply prepare a power of 
attorney authorizing a Notary to effect the assignment. This is signed by the parties, 
legalized by a French Consul (leaving a blank for the name of the Xotary), and is 
then retained by the purchaser until he is ready to have the assignment made and 
recorded. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document, which 
includes Consular and Ag-ency fees. 

Working". — The invention must be worked in France within two years from the 
date of the issue of the patent, and the working must not entirely cease for any two con- 
secutive years thereafter. The law does not indicate what shall constitute a sufiicient 
working, but requires that an invention must be really worked in a practical manner; a 
single act of working is not usuall}'- sufficient. If a patent contain several modes of pro- 
cedure, it suffices, to comply with the law, that the inventor should have worked one of 
them. If the object manufactured differs only slighly from the object for which the in- 
ventor takes out the patent, there is no ground for forfeiture. (Court of Cessation, May 
23, 1859.) An inventor is allowed to explain the causes of his inaction. The court 
has wide power of discretion in determining what shall constitute a sufficient working, and 
every case is decided on its merits. In exceptional cases, it has been decided that the 
absence of pecujiiary resources or sickness can be held to justify the default of working. 
(Court of Paris, January 11, 1859.) The inventor who has caused his machines to be 
admitted to public exhibition in France, and who has sold one of them to a third party, 
has sufficiently worked it thereby to avoid forfeiture. (Court of Paris, May 11, 1836.) 
It should be noted that this decision was rendered prior to the law of 1844. 

That an insufficiency of capital, the natural result of the commercial crisis of 
1848 and 1849 was sufficient to relieve the patentee from the forfeiture of his patent 
by reason of his inaction. (Court of Paris, March 30, 1855.) That the insufficiency of 
the pecuniary resources of a ptaentee is a legitimate cause of his inaction especially 
when this insufficiency of his resources has been augmented by political events such 
as those of 1849 ; further when the invention is of such a nature that it cannot be used 
by the public, but only by a restricted number of industries (by railroad companies 
for example), it is evident that the refusal of these industries to use this invention 
during two years cannot result in the forfeiture of the patent to their benefit and justify 
an infringement. (Rej., Nov. 28, 1859.) That the failure to work does not cause the 
forfeiture of the patent when the patentee justifies sufficiently the cause of his inaction, 
by the insufficiencj^ of his personal resources, by the nature of the invention (a tele- 
graph apparatus) of which the uses are restricted by reason of the monopoly of the 
State. (Amiens, May 29, 1884.) That an inventor of a new product escapes forfeiture 
resulting from the failure to work when it is proven that he has manufactured and sold 
the said product, whatever may have been the process he employed. (Trib. Civ. Lyons; 
July 15, 1865.) That when a patentee has publicly made experiments of his apparatus 
through parties who may have an interest in adopting them, and has put them to the 
disposal of all, he must be considered as havmg satisfied all the requirements of the law 
and is safe from any action for forfeiture. (Court of Paris, August 10, 1876.) 

It has been decided that a single act of manufacture cannot be considered as an in- 
dustrial working of the patent and cannot relieve the patentee from the forfeiture in- 
curred by him if he does not justify himself by other legitimate causes for inaction. 
(Court o f Paris, March 23, 1870.) That the working prescribed by Act 32 cannot be ac- 
complished by declarations (proces-verbaux) made every two years through an attorney 
at the request of the inventor, when such working is shown to be inadequate by the de- 
fective state of the machines and their almost impracticable setting up. (Donai, July 20, 
1859.) 



FRANCE. 51 

These provisions apply equally to Patents of Addition, but it is clear that if the 
Patent of Addition be declared void, the original patent may continue to exist. ^ A pat- 
entee can avoid forfeiture by either working the patent himself, or by allowing it to be 
worked by a third party. 

It should be noted that the forwarding of the parts of a machine to France, 
and the assembling of the parts there, even if one or more parts are actually made 
in France, does not constitute a legal working. It will, however, serve as a com- 
mencement, and give time for the beginning of a complete actual working, (the bona-fide 
manufacturer of the patented article in France, in quantities sufficient to supply the 
legitimate demands of trade,) which must follow within a reasonable time thereafter. 

We Avill furni&h estimates for the legal working of inventions upon application. 

In ca«es where a patentee is not willing to incur the expenses of manufacture, _ we 
can effect a nominal working on being furnished with a model or sample of the invention. 
This is not, however, in strict conformity with the law, and though such workings are 
frequently made they cannot be guaranteed as effectual, and we do not recommend them. 

^^eai&l.— IMPORTATION OF PATENTED ARTICLES.— As France is amem- 
berof the International Union, citizens and subjects of States belonging to the Union can 
now import patented articles into France without risk of forfeiture. None others, how- 
ever, are allowed to import into France under the penalty of the forfeiture of the patent, 
except that a permit may sometimes be obtained, for the importation of a single model or 
sample. The expense of obtaining such a permit is about $10.00. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED^ 

The documents required for Patents of Acldition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper, and in any suitable form. 
No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On tracing cloth of any convenient size. No signa- 
tures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant, all names in full. No witnesses 
nor legalization necessary. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 



Le soussigne . 



constitue pour Mandataire special aux effets ci-apres : 

M ...c 



Auquel il donne pouvoir de i our et en nom f aire toutes les 

•dies n( ' 



demarches necessaires pour obtenir du Gouvernement de. 



Tin Brevet d' de . 

pour 



En consequence presenter au Chef du dit Gouvernement ou a toute autre autorite competente 
toutes Demandes, Petitions et Requetes; se presenter a tous Ministeres, Bureaux, Greffes et 
Commissions que hesoin sera; signer et approuver toutes pieces descriptives; requerir tous 
proces-verbaux contracter tous engagements, terser ou retirer toutes taxes, en prendi-e quit- 
tance ou en donner decharge. Faire toutes demandes Brevet d' Addition ou de perfectionnement, 
les 6changer ou retirer s'il y a lieu ; consentir la radiation de toutes inscriptions ; retirer egalement 
les titres deflnitif s ainsi que les pieces y afferentes ; Signer et presenter toute demande en autori- 
sation djintroduction de modele. Signer tous actes ou proces-verbaux de desistement des privi- 
leges d'Etranger. Prendre la parole et repondre pour le constituant a toutes reclamations qui 
pourront surgir relativement au Brevet dont il s'agit, pendant toute la duree de celui-ci. — Aux 
fins sus enonces tAive domicile, substituer tout ou partie des presents pouvoirs, et dans les 
differents cas qui pourront se presenter, faire generalement tout ce qui sera utile pour arriver a 

r obtention du privilege sus relate promettant le constituant avoir le tout pour agreable, 

et le ratifier au besoin. 

Mll-hult-cent- 



52 GAMBIA (BRITISH). GERMAN EMPIRE. 



There is as yet no patent law in this colony. The government will, however, un- 
doubtedly grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the 
invention is likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will undertake to procure them at a 
charge of $300 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance in case the 
cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Gold Coast Colony, which see. 



€^t:maw ®mpht* 



Baden, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony and Wurtemburg- no longer have separate patent laws, but 
are covered by the German Patent. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT cost of, all taxes paid for one year |30 00 

♦PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 20 00 

APPEAL in case of refusal 15 00 

TAXES, payable annually, counting from the date of application, with 
three months' grace without fine. 



Second year $15 00 

Third " 27 50 

Fourth " 40 00 

Fifth " »2 50 

Sixth " 65 00 

Seventh " 77 50 

Eighth " 90 00 



Ninth vear $102 50 

Tenth ' " 115 00 

Eleventh " 127 50 

Twelfth " 140 00 

Thirteenth " 152 50 

Fourteenth " 165 00 

Fifteenth " 177 50 



ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 5 00 

WORKING, nominal 15 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. 35 cents must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The first applicant is entitled to the grant, so that any 
person, whether the inventor or not, a firm or corporation, may obtain a patent. In case 
the applicant is not the inventor, however, it is very desirable that he should obtain and 
keep the written consent of the latter, as, according to the provisions of the German law, 
"The claim of the petitioner to the grant of a patent is void if the essential part of his 
application has, without permission, been taken from the description, drawings, models, 
implements, methods or arrangements of another person, should such person object 
thereto." 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fifteen years, subject 
to the payment of the prescribed taxes and proper working of the invention. Patents of 



GERMAN EMPIRE. 53 

Addition, for improvements upon former inventions, granted for the life of the original 
patent and expiring therewith. All patents are dated as of the day following the tiling 
of the application. The lapse of a prior foreign patent does not atfect the term. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions the use of which would be incompatible with the laws 
or the public morals ; inventions relating to articles of food (for nourishment or luxuries), 
of medicines, and of substances produced by chemical process, so far as the invention 
does not relate to the method of producing such articles. 

Novelty, Eifeet of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application must be filed before the invention has been described in any printed publica- 
tion in any country, or publicly used in Germany. Subject to the above requirements 
valid German patents may be obtained at any time, whether prior foreign patents exist 
or not. 

Taxes. — Taxes upon patents are payable in annual instalments and in advance, 
counting from the day following the filing of the application. Three months' grace is 
allowed for these payments, without fine. No further prolongation of time can be ob- 
tained. The tax amounts to 3) marks for the first year; 50 for the second, and increases 
thereafter 50 marks for each succeeding year. 

Assignments. — To record an assignment the following documents are necessary : 
1. An assignment ia the German language signed by the assignor before a Notary 
Public and legalized by a German Consul. The consideration need not be expressed. 
3. A power of attorney signed by the assignee before a Notary Public and legalized by 
a German Consul, authorizing the attorney to apply for and obtain the registration of the 
assignment and pay the taxes in connection therewith. 

"We can obtain the legalization here when desired at a cost of $3.00 each. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within three years from the grant of the 
patent. The law reads as follows : 

§ 11. A patent can be declared void after the expiration of three years. 

1. If the patentee fails to work his invention in Germany to an adequate extent, or at least 
to do everything that is necessary to insure its being worked. 

According to a decision of the patent office authorities: 
The fact of a patent not having been worked within the first three years, has not the effect, by 
itself, of rendering the same void; on the contrary, the question arises whether, by this circum- 
stance, the Commonwealth has suffered, or at least, whether there is reason to fear that it will 
suffer, or whether, more particularly, the development of the domestic industry to which the in- 
vention relates may be expected to be prevented, or has been prevented, so as to afford a reason 
for terminating the existence of a patent. 

Among the most important decisions relative to the working of inventions are the 
following: It is only necessary to manufacture the essential parts of the invention; un- 
important deviations from the specification are of no consequence (decisions of the Patent 
Oflace of October 12, 1882, Reichsgericht of November 12, 1883). In a case where the in- 
vention related to compound armor plates, where the inventor offered a license to the 
only firm in Germany that made such plates, it was held that in consequence of the small 
sale of armor-plates the patentee could not be expected to start works of his own in 
Germany, and the action for annulment was rejected. (Decision of the Patent Office, 
October 19, 1882.) The term of three years as provided by § 11, runs, not from the day 
after the application of patent, but from the day of the final grant of the patent. 
(Decision of the Patent Office July 23, 1885.) In the case of the Eagle Automatic Pencil 
Case, three patents Nos. 6523, 7168 and 12529 were withdrawn on the following grounds : 
The plaintiff stated that large quantities of the pencil cases had been imported into Ger- 
many, although the same could have well been manufactured there, and that such 
importation did damage to the home manufacturers. The defendant claimed that the 
sale of the patented articles was a sufficient working under the law, and that a great 
part of the raw materials for the production of the articles was obtained from Germany, 
It was held that the object of § 11 of the law is to compel the patentee to manufacture 
the patented article in Germany as a compensation for the protection granted, and that 
the industrial and commercial advantages resulting from the manufacture might benefit 
the country. The fact that the raw materials were obtained in Germany could not be 
taken into consideration. (Decisions of Patent Office of February 7, 1884; Reichsgericht 
of November 30. 1885.) It has also been held that the manufacture must be com- 



54 GERMAN EMPIRE. 

inensurate with the demand, or at least, every possible means must be taken to assure 
the same. It will be seen, therefore, that the working should be actual and thorough. 
In cases where the patentee is not prepared to commence the manufacture in Germany 
himself, an arrangement should be consummated with some manufacturer in that country 
to be prepared to make the articles, and the fact should then be advertised; also, that 
such patented articles may be obtained on application to the manufacturer. 

We will furnish estimates for the legal working- of inventions upon application. We also quote 
a price for nominal workings, but it must be understood that we neither recommend them nor 
guarantee their sulSciency. 

Special. — LICENSES. — A patent may be declared void after three years from its 
date, wnen a patentee refuses to grant licenses to others to use the invention, when the 
same appears to be demanded in the public interest, and adequate compensation and 
good security have been offered. 

MODELS. Applications relating to the following subjects must be accompanied 
by a model : Fire- Arms. — A working model or real piece, must be furnished. Spools, 
Spindles and Shuttles must be accompanied by two models, one of these being in section. 
Skates. — One model is required. All applications relating to the manufacture of chem- 
icals (explosives excepted) should be accompanied by duplicate samples. Chemicals. — 
Should be accompanied by duplicate samples of the materials, which must be sent in 
glass bottles of about l}i inches in diameter, and 314 inches in height, provided with 
glass stoppers, the seal of the applicant, and an exact description of the contents. Dyes. 
Duplicate specimens showing the colors, on samples of wool, silk or cotton, must be 
supplied. These must be mounted upon paste-board measuring 13 inches in height, by 
8)4 inches in width. These different shades of each color must be prepared ; of colors 
with which it is possible to color in quantities, a sample must be colored with one per 
cent, while the other two shades may be weaker or stronger. A description must also 
be furnished stating the exact concentration of the dye, the mordants (if any), the tem- 
perature, etc., also whether the dye used was discolored or retained more or less color. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required for Patents of Addition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper and in any suitable 
form. No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawing's in dnplicate. — One copy must be on good drawing paper or bristol 
board, and one oa tracing cloth. The sheets must measure exactly 33 centimetres 
(13 inches) in height, by 21, 42 or 63 centimetres (8^, 16^ or 24f inches) in width. A 
single margin line must be drawn all around 2 centimetres (ff inch) from the edge of 
the sheet, and at the top a clear space of 3 centimetres (Ij^ inches) must be left between 
the figures of the drawing and the margin line. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant or applicants, all names in 
full. No witnesses nor legalizations are required. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
VoUmacht. 
Ich Wir Endesunterzeichnete n 1 « . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 ■ • ■ 1 • « . . • 



ernenne hiermit zu BevoUmachtigten 

undertheil selben Vollmachtfiir 

and in Namen alle nothwendigen Schrittezu 

thun um Patent 

zu eriangen. 

Demnach bei jedem befugten Amte Eingaben, Gesuche und Bittschriften einzureichen, bei 
alien hohen Ministerien, Aemtern, Beamten und Commissionen zu erscheinen, alle beschreibenden 
Actenstiicke zu unterzeichnen und gut zu heissen, alle nothigen Protokolle zu verlangen, von 
Beschreibungen Einsicht zu nehmen oder nehmen zu lassen, alle Taxen einzuzahlen und zuriick- 
zunehmen, dieselben zu quittiren Oder die Quittungen in Empfang zu nehmen, alle Gesuche um 
Verlangerungen oder um Patente auf Zusatze Oder Verbesserungen zu machen, dieselben umzu- 
andern oder zuruckzuziehen, die Durchsti-eichung alter Aufschriften zu genehmigen, die schliess- 
lichen Urkunden, sowie die dazu gehorigen Acten in Empfang zu nehmen, gegen Patent verletz- 
ungen einzuschreiten, bei alien Reclamationen, welche wiihi-end der ganzen Dauer eines Patentes 

stattfinden konnten nach Massgabe des Gesetzes zu vertreten. Zu den bezeichneten 

Zwecken alle Acten gutzuheissen vind zu unterzeichnen, Domicil zu wahlen, Submandatare f iir 
die ganze gegenwai-tige VoUmacht oder einen Theil derselben zu bestimmen luid in den verschie- 
denen Fallen, welche sich zeigen soil ten, iiberhaupt Alles zu thun, was gesetzlich uothwendig oder 
ntitzlich sein sollte. Versprechend das Ganze als gut und rechtskraf tig auf recht zu halten und es 
nOthigenfalls zu bestatigen. 

am 18 {Signature.) 



GIBRALTAR. GOLD COAST COLONY. GREAT BRITAIN. 55 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Act, provided the invention is likely to prove 
of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to 
procure them at a charge of $17-5 each, but we will have to ask for an additional re- 
miitance in case the cost exceeds this sum; this amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The Power of Attorney should be legalized 
by a British Consul. 

"We can obtain the leg'alization here when desired at a cost of $3.50. 



mt\ €mt Man% 



There is as yet no patent law in this British Colony. The government will, however, 
undoubtedly grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided 
the invention is likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will however undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $200 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The Power of Attorney should be legalized 
by a British Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here when desired at a cost of $3.50. 



The Patent covers England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and the Isle ojc Man. 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for four years: 
APPLICATION with complete Specification $27 50 

*Where Provisional Protection is taken: 

PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, cost of, for nine months $13 50 

FILING COMPLETE SPECIFICATION to complete Application 20 00 

Total $32 50 

* Where Provisional Protection is taken, the complete specification should be filed within nine 
months of the date of application. An extension of one month's time may be had on payment of 
a fine of $10.00. 

The above charges do not include the cost of procedure in case of possible opposition or inter- 
ference, for which special arrangements will be made in each case, and apply only where the docu- 
ments are sent to us completely and correctly prepared, ready for filing. Where it is desired that 
our London agent should peruse the specification, and modify it, if necessary, to suit the English 
practice, $5.00 must be added to the charge. 



56 GREAT BRITAIN. 

f TAXES. Before the end of fourth year §255 00 

" " eighth year, or in the case of a pat- 

ent applied for prior to Jan., 18:^4, before the end of seventh year . 510 00 

Or, in lieu thereof, the above taxes may be paid in annual installments, as follows: 

Before the end of Fourth vear" $52 50 

" Fifth " " 52 50 

" Sixth " 52 50 

" Seventh " 52 50 

" Eighth " 77 50 

" ^inth " 77 50 

" Tenth " 105 00 

" Eleventh " 105 00 

" Twelfth " 105 00 

" Thirteenth " 105 00 

In case of an old patent dated prior to January, 1884, upon which the tax of £50 
has been paid, the remaining taxes may be made in the following annual payments: 

Before the end of Seventh vear $52 50 

'• Eio-hth " " 52 50 

•• Xinth " 52 50 

" Tenth " 77 50 

" Eleventh " ,. 77 50 

" Twelfth " 105 00 

" Thirteenth " • 105 00 

A3IEND^IEN'T, according to work involved, from $2.50 up. 
:j:ASSIGX:MENTS, if consideration is nominal 12 50 

•i-If the patentee fails, from any cause, to pay the fees -within the required time, the time may 
be extended for a period not exceeding three months. The iines payable to the g-overnmeut for 
extension are— one month, £3; two months, £7; three months, £10. ' Our charges for procui-ing 
extension, including- the above fines, are : 

Extension for one month, S20.00 ; for two months, 340.00 ; for three months. So.5.00. 

$ If the consideration is real, it is subject to a stamp duty of ten shillings for the first £100, or 
part thereof, and sixpence for each £5 above £100. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

TVlio may be Patentee. — The actual inventor, or the first introducer or importer of 
the invention into Great Britain. Joint i^iventors may obtain a joint patent. Other 
persons, a firm or corporation, may join with the inventor and secure a joint patent ; 
the legal representatives of an actual inventor may make application for a patent within 
six months of the inventor's death. Patents may be taken out in the name of a resident 
agent as a communication from abroad, and it is not necessary that the person who, re- 
siding abroad, communicates an iavention to a person residing in England, should be the 
inventor ; any other person, a firm or corporation, may make the communication and 
obtain a valid patent. A British patent tipplied for under the provisions of the Inter- 
national Convention will only be granted to the identical person who made the prior 
foreign application upon which it is based. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention, granted for fourteen years, 
counting from the date of the filing of the application (or io the case of applications filed 
under the provisions of the International Convention, from the date upon which the 
original foreign application was filed), subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. 
The expiration or failure of a prior foreign patent does not afl"ect the British patent. 
Extensions may sometimes be obtained, i)ut are very expensive, the appHcations fre- 
quently requiring an expenditure of from $1,500 to $2,000 without any certainty of suc- 
cess. 

Unpatentable. — It has been held that bare principles are unpatentable, and the 
Comptroller is authorized to refuse 1 o grant a patent for an invention the use of which 
would in his opinion be contrary to law or moralit3\ 

NoYelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Pnblication. — To obtain a vahd patent the 

application therefor must be made before the invention has been published, or is other- 
wise publicly known by means of books, or in any other way, in Great Britain. Prior 
publication or public use of the invention in a foreign country does not affect the valid- 
ity of a British Patent. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 57 

The amount of information given by the prior publication in Great Britian must, in 
order to invalidate a patent, be equal to that required to be given by a specification, i.e., 
the invention must be sufhciently disclosed, so that any one skilled in the art to which. 
it appertains, or to which it most nearly relates, may make, construct, compound or 
use the same. 

By the International Convention and section 103 of the Patent Act of 1883 a foreign 
patentee has an absolute right of priority for his invention for a period of seven months 
from the date of the filing of his foreign application (not the date of the issue or allow- 
ance of the patent), and may obtain a perfectly valid patent notwithstanding any inter- 
mediate publication or public use of the invention in Great Britain, by filing his appli- 
cation within this period of time. 

Taxes.— A patentee may pay the taxes upon his patent in two installments, viz. : 
£50 before the expiration of the fourth year of the life of the patent, and £100 before 
the end of the eighth year, or he may pay the same in annual installments, as follows : 
£10 before the end of each of the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh years ; £15 before the 
end of each of the eighth and ninth years, and £20 before the end of each of the tenth, 
eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth years. If for any reason the patentee fails to make any 
payment within the required time, the time may usually be extended for not to exceed 
three months upon payment of the following fees : Extension for one month, £3 ; two 
months, £7 ; three months, £10. The sums here named are the government fees only, 
for our terms for making the payments see " Charges." 

Assignments. — In order to record an assignment, the following documents should 
be supplied : 1. Assignment in duplicate signed by the inventor and two witnesses. 
2. A request to enter the name of the new proprietor upon the Register of Patents- 
(Form L), signed by the assignee. 

Working'. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

These forms are to be used for all ordinary applications : for applications under the 
provisions of the International Convention see "Documents Required (Convention)", and 
the forms following . 

1. Application with Declaration.— Signed by applicant or applicants; all names 
in full . I^ o witnesses nor legalization necessary. 

2. Specifications in duplicate. — They may be either written, type-written, or 
printed upon one side only of good white, stiff paper, the sheets of which are exactly 
eight inches wide by thirteen inches high. A margin of two inches must be left 
upon the left hand side. Thin paper should, not be used. Both copies should always 
be originals, i.e., not carbon copies, if type- written copies are furnished. It is not 
necessary that the inventor should sign either copy of the specification, as our English 
agents can sign the same as attorneys, but if the inventor signs the specification at all, he 
should sign both copies. 

3. Drawing's in duplicate. — Both of these are to be upon sheets of good, white 

bristol board. The sheets must measure exactly eight inches wide by thirteen inches 
high, or sixteen inches wide by thirteen inches high. The smaller size should always 
be used if practicable. A single margin line should be drawn, all around, exactly 3^ 
inch from the edge of the sheet. The reference letters must be % inch or more in size te 
admit of photo-lithographing. All reference letters and numbers should be made in 
ink upon one of the sheets, and upon the other in blue pencil. The latter requirement 
has not yet been rigidly insisted upon, but this method of lettering is desired. Good 
lithographs are accepted. No signatures are necessary. 

4. Authorization. — Signed by applicant or applicants ; all names in full. No 
witnesses nor legalization necessary. 

Note.— Drawings are not required with provisional specification, but may be forwarded with 
the complete specification, when completing- the application. When the patent is taken as a com- 
munication, the specifications and drawings in duplicate are the only documents required. 



58 GREAT BRITAIN. 



FORMS. 

APPLICATIOX WITH DECLARATIOX. 
(For Inventor alone.) 
Patents, Designs and Trade Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888. 
Form A. 
Application for Patent. 
I (full name, aoaress and ocmpation of applicant), do hereby declare that I am In possession of 
an invention the title of ^hich is {insert title of invention) ; that I am the true and fii-st inventor 
thereof : and that the same is not in use by any other pei-son or persons, to the best of mv knowl- 
edge and belief ; and I humbly pray that a patent may be granted^to me for the said invention. 
Dated this day of 18. . . . {Signature of Applicant.) 

FORM OF APPLICATIOX WITH DECLARATIOX. 

(For an Inventor, and a Person not an Inventor.) 

Patents, Designs and Trades Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888. 

Form B. 

Application for Patent, 

TTe {insert full names, addresses and occupations of both applicants), do hereby declare that we 

are in possession of an invention the title of which is {insert title of invention) ; that said {iiisert 

name of inventor) is the true and first inventor thereof ; and the same is not in use bv any other 

person or pei-sons, to the best of our knowledge and belief ; and we humbly pray that a patent 

may be granted to us for the said invention. 

Dated this day of 18, .... . (Signatures of Applicayits.) 



FORM OF AUTH0RI2A.TI0X. 

Apphcation for British Patent. 
Authorization. 

I, the undersigned applicant for a patent for {insert title as in declaration), do herebv appoint 

of .* 

London, In the County of Middlesex, to act as my agents in respect of such application, and re- 
quest that all communications relating thereto may be cent to them at the above address. 

Dated this , day of 18 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



FORM OF PROVISIOXAL SPECIFICATIOX. 

Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888. 

Form B. 

Provisional Specification. 

{Tnsei't Title of Invention.) 

I, (insert full nam.e. address aiid occtipation of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of this 
invention to be as follows : 

{Here insert description of invention tcithout claims, and preferably tcitJiout 7'eference to draw- 
ings. At trie end of tJiis descrijition insert tJie date, as follows:) 

Dated this day of IS (Signature of Applicant.) 



FORM FOR COMPLETE SPECIFICATIOX. 

Patents, Designs, and Trade Mards Acts, 1883 to 1888. 
Form C. 
Complete Specification. 
(Insert Title of Invention.) 

I, (insert full name, address and occupation of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of this 
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and as- 
certained in and by the following statement : 

(Here lorite description of invention, after which, and before the claims, the following words are 
to beivritten:) 

HaN-ing now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention, and in 
T\-hat manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is : 

(Hei^e write the claims, and after the clriinis, the date, as follows :) 

Dated this day of ^ . . 18 (Signature of Applicant.) 



GREAT BRITAIN. 59 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. (CONVENTION.) 

These documents and forms are only to be used for applications to be filed under the 
provisions of the International Convention. For all ordinary applications the preced- 
ing documents and forms should be used. 

1. Application. — Signed by the applicant or applicants ; all names in full. No 
witnesses or legalization necessary. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by the applicant or applicants before a British Minister 
or person exercising the functions of a British Minister or a British Consul, Vice Consul, 
or other person exercising the functions of -a British Consul, or a Notary Public, or 
before a Judge or Magistrate. 

3. A certified copy of the specifications and drawings (or documents corresponding 
thereto,) filed by the applicant in the Patent Office of the Foreign State or British Pos- 
session in respect of the first foreign application, duly certified by the official chief or 
head of the Patent Office of such Foreign State or British Possession. It is sufficient to 
send a certified copy of the printed patent if the certificate distinctly states the date the 
application was filed. 

4. Specifications in duplicate. ] The forms and requirements for these docu- 

5. Drawing in duplicate. /• ments are precisely the same as for ordinary 
6.* Authorization. * ) application. 



FORMS. 

Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888. 

Form A2. 

Application for Patent under International and Colonial Arrang-ements. 

I, {Here insert name, full address and occupation of applicant), do hereby declare that I have 
made foreign applications for protection of my invention of {here insert title of invention,) in the 
following- Foreign States and on the following official dates, viz. : (Here insert the names of each 
Foreign State followed Ity the official date of the application in each respectively), and in the follow- 
ing British Possessions and on the following official dates, viz. : {Here i7isert the names of each 
British Possession, followed by the official date of the application in each respectively.) 

That the said invention was not in use within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Ireland, and the Isle of Man by any other person or persons before the {here insert the official date 
of the earliest foreign application), to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, and I 
humbly pray that a patent may be granted to me for the said invention in priority to other 
applicants, and that such patent shall have the date {here insert tfie official date of the earliest 
foreign application). 

(Signature.) 

To the Comptroller, 35 Southampton Buildings, 

Patent Office, Chancery Lane, London, W. C. 



DECLARATION. 

Patents. Designs, and Trade Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888. 

Apphcation for Patent under International and Colonial Arrangements. 

I, (Here insert full name, full address and occupation of applicant) 

do solemnly and sincerely declare that the invention of (here insert the title of invention exactly as 

in the other papers) 

In respect of which the accompanying- Application for British Patent is made is identical with the 
Invention in respect of which the First Foreign Application for Patent, referred to in the accom- 
panying Application, was made. 

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously belie%ang the same to be trvie. 

(Signature) 

Declared at 

this day of 18 

Before me 

{Signature and title of person before lohom the declaration is made.) 



60 GREECE. GRENADA (Vr^EST INDIES). GUATEMALA. 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government wiU, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention i& 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of procuring such grants varies from $230 to $2,500. "We will, however, un- 
dertake to procure them upon receipt of a remittance of $250 each, but we will have to 
ask for additional remittances from time to time to meet expenses in case the cost ex- 
ceeds this sum. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for France. The power of attorney should be legalized hj a Consul of 
Greece. 

Tv^e can obtain the leg-allzation here, when desired, at a cost of |5.00. 



#t^m^^^ [^^^^t §nAmy 



xnere is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $115 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remit- 
tance in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in 
most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The Power of Attorney should be legalized by 
a British Consul. 

"We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $2.50. 



See Prance. 



^uatmata* 



CHARGES. 

*PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $175 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond that 
number, f 1.00 must be added for everj^ 100 words. 



GUATEMALA. 61 

f TAXES, payable annually , counting from the grant of the patent. 

AGENCY fee for paying. each, year, $5 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 30 00 

WORKING (not including freight charges or cost of manufacturing) 40 00 

+The annual tax is fixed by the g-overnment at the time of granting- the patent, and varies 
from $5.00 to §50.00, according- to the importance of the invention. The maximum tax is seldom 
imposed. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The true inventor or his duly authorized attorney. 
TTnder the present law, to be entitled to a patent, the applicant must be a citizen of 
Guatemala, a foreigner domiciliated in Guatemala, or a person who has applied for a 
patent in some country belonging to the International Convention. A bill has been 
presented in Congress to modify this disposition, and it is expected that it will be passed 
in the near future. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for from five to fifteen 
years . Patents for inventions previously patented abroad are granted for the term of 
the foreign patent upon which they are based, unless the same should exceed fifteen 
years, in which case the patent is granted for the maximum term. 

Unpatentalble. — Inventions, the employment of which would infringe prior rights, 
and those contrary to public health and safety, and to good customs . 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — To obtain a valid patent, 
the application should be filed before the invention is publicly known and used in 
Guatemala. Inventions patented abroad can be patented in Guatemala at any time 
so long as the invention is new there. 

Taxes. — For each patent granted, a tax varying from five to fifty pesos is payable 
annually in advance, counting from the date of the issue of the patent, for each year of 
the term of the patent. The amount of the tax is fixed by the government when the patent 
is issued. The maximum tax is seldom imposed. No prolongation of time for making 
payment can be obtained. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in the Spanish language, and be in duiDlicate. 
They should be legalized by a Guatemalan Consul. 

"We can obtain the leg-alization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 which includes Consular 
and Ag-ency fees. 

Working. — The invention must be worked in Guatemala within one year from the 
date of the patent, and the working must not be interrupted for more than a year at any 
one time. In case of machinery or apparatus, it is considered sufficient to import one 
or more of the machines or apparatus into Guatemala and put them into operation there. 
In case of a process, it must be carried into practice in the country. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Speciilcation. — Written or printed on any paper, and in any suitable form. 
No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawing's in duplicate. — On tracing cloth, any convenient size. No signa- 
tures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant or applicants, all names in full, and 
legalized by a Guatemalan Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Repub- 
lic (which see). 

4. If the Invention is Patented Abroad. — A certified copy of the patent should 
be furnished, which must be legalized by a Guatemalan Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document, which 
mcludes Consular and Agency fees. 



62 HAWAII (SANDWICH ISLANDS). 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid |90 00 

CAVEAT, all taxes paid 40 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 17 50 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee.— The true inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention granted for ten years from the 
date of the issue of the patent, but where there are prior foreign patents", it will expire 
with the first expiring foreign patent. Caveats may be filed by intending applicants, 
and are operative for one year. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Piiblication.~To obtain a valid patent 
the application should be made before any public use of the invention in Hawaii or 
publication in any country. Patents may be obtained at any time, however, for in- 
ventions previously patented abroad, unless the thing patented has been introduced into 
public use in Hawaii for more than one year prior to the application. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments.— Should be in duplicate, and must be recorded within three months 
from the date of the execution. The documents may be in any usual form, and should 
be acknowledged before a Notary Public. 

Working'. — There are no requirements. 

Cayeats. — May be filed by intending applicants and are operative for one year. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required for a Caveat are the same as for a Patent, with the exception of the 
Petition, the form of which is given below. 

1. Petition. — Signed by inventor. 

2. PoTFer of Attorney. — Signed by inverrtor. 

3. Specification. — Signed by the inventor and two witnesses. The form is the 
same as for United States applications. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — These must be made on sheets of white drawing 
board which must measure exactly fifteen inches high and ten inches wide; a single 
margin line must be drawn all around exactly one inch from the edge, a clear space of 
one and a quarter inches must be left at the top within the margin line. The drawings 
need not be signed. 

5. Oath. — This may be executed before any Minister, Charge d' Affaires, Consul or 
Commercial Agent holding commission under the Hawaiian Government, or before any 
Notaiy Public, the oath being attested in all cases by the proper official seal of the office'' 
before whom the oath is made. 



HAWAII (SANDWICH ISLANDS). HAYTi. 63 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 
To the Minister of the Interior : 

Your petitioner (name of applicant), a citizen (or siobject) of (state of what country applicant is- 
a citizen or subject), residing- at (full addj^ess), prays that letters patent be granted to him for the 
improvement in (title of invention), set forth in the annexed specification. 

(^Date.) (Signature.) 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
To the Minister of the Interior : 

I the undersigned, applicant for a patent for (title of invention), do hereby nominate and 
appoint of my attorney, for me and in my name to make appli- 
cation for letters patent of the Hawaiian kingdom, to prosecute the said application, to amend 
the specification, to sig^n my name for these puri5oses, to receive the letters patent Avhen granted, 
and generally to perform all necessary acts in the premises. 

(Date.) ( Signature.) 

OATH. 



I, (name of applicant), the above-named petitioner, residing* at (full address), being duly 
sworn, deposes and says that he verily believes himself to be the original, first and sole inventor 
of the improvement in (title of invention'), described and claimed in the foregoing specification ; 
that the same has not been patented to himself or to others with his knowledge or consent, except 
in the following countries: (If the invention has lieen previously patented abroad, insert here the 
names of all tlie countries loJiere patented, and the number and date of each patent. If not so 
patented, omit the words "-except in the following countries'' ami inse^^t in the place thereof the 
toords " in any country "). That the same has not, to his knowledge, been introduced into public 
use in the Hawaiian Islands for more than one year prior to his application for a patent ; that he 
does not know or beUeve that the same was ever before known or used ; and that he is a citizen 
(or subject) of (state of lohat country applicant is a citizen or subject). 

Sworn to and subscribed before me ) 

"- (Signature.) 

this day of A. D. 18 \ 

(Offlcial Seal.) (Signature of official before whom tlie oath is taHen.) 

PETITION. (CAVEAT.) 
To the Minister of the Interior : 

The petitioner (name of applicant), a citizen (or subject) of (state of what country applicant is a 
citizen or subject), residing at (full address), represents that he has made certain improvements in 
(title of invention), and that he is now engaged in making experiments for the purpose of perfect- 
ing the same, preparatory to applying for letters patent therefor. He therefore prays the pro- 
tection of his right until he shall have matured his invention ; and that the subjoined description 
thereof may be filed as a caveat iu the confidential archives of the office and preserved in secrecy. 

(Date.) {Signature.) 



iayti 



No special law exists for the protection of inventions, and while special grants can 
be obtained by Legislative Act, giving an exclusive right to the employment and use of 
a particular kind of machinery for a special purpose, yet in our opinion such grants 
would be of little benefit, owing to the chronic revolutionary state of the country 
and the lax administration of the laws. Further, under the laws in force in the country 
at the present time, white persons are not allowed to own real estate, and may not en- 
gage in any wholesale business in their own names, it being necessary to transact any 
such business, ostensibly at least, in the name of some native of Hay ti. 

We have the machinery for securing special grants, however, and will undertake to do 
so when desired at a charge of $400 each. We cannot, of course, guarantee that any 



64 HAYTI. HONDURAS (REPUBLIC OF). HONG KONG. 

:grant will finally be made, and should the cost be in excess of our charge as above, we 
must ask for an additional remittance. It is believed that our first charge will not be 
■exceeded in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and legalized by a Haytian 
-Consul. The usual French form should be used. 

TVe can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $5.0C. 

2. Specification in duplicate. — In any form and unsigned. 

3. Drawings in duplicate. — On any suitable material, of any size, and unsigned. 



§i0U(Uti*asi [§cjnihEc af]. 



There is at yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. The cost of such grants varies con- 
siderably. We will, however, undertake to procure them at a charge of $400 each, but 
we will have to ask for an additional remittance in case the cost exceeds this sum. This 
amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in most cases . 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili, The Power of Attorney should be legalized by a Consul 
of Honduras. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00. 



m 3m' 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid o $115 00 

ASSIGNxMENTS, preparing and recording 20 00 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The patentee or the owner, by assignment or otherwise^ 
of any invention for which Letters Patent have already been granted in England. 



HONG KONG. 6» 

Patents, Kind and Term. — But one kind of patent is issued, it is granted for the 
life of the existing English Patent, expiring with it. Extensions may be secured in the 
event that the English Patent is extended, and for the same term of years. 

Unpatentable. — -The law is silent on this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The invention must not have 
been publicly used within the Colony before the date of application, but otherwise the 
patent may be obtained without regard to prior foreign patents. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — The documents should be prepared in duplicate. Any suitable 
form may be used. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by applicant. The description of the 
invention should be identical, as far as practicable, with the complete specification filed 
in England. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any suitable size. 
No signatures required. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. 

6. A Blue Book of the British Patent on which the application is founded. 

7. If the Applicant is tlie Assignee, a certified copy of the assignment should 
be furnished. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 
To the Governor of Hong- Kong :— 

The humble petition of A. B. {oi\ as the case maij Z>e, of C. D. as agent f 07" A. B.) for leave to file 
a specification under Ordinance No. 14, of 1863. 

That your petitioner {or, as the case inay &e, tliat A. B. of wTioin your petitioner is the agent 

assignee, executor or attmiiiistrator) has obtained Her Majesty's letters i^atent, dated the 

day of 18 for {state the title of the iiwention as granted), and that such letters 

patent are to continue in force for years from the 

day of 18.... 

That 3'our petitioner believes that the said invention is not now and has not hitherto been 
publicly used in this colony. 

That the following- is the description of the said invention : {Here state the particulars shortly 
in accordance with the specification on lohicJi the letters patent in England loere granted.) 

Your petitioner therefore prays for leave to file a specification of the said invention, piirsuant 
to the provisions of Ordinance No. 14, of 1863. And your petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

The day of 18.... 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION. 

I, {here insert name, occupation and place of residence), do solemnly and sincerely declare that 

I am {or, if made liy an agent, that A. B.,of is) in possession absolutely {or 

if -made in respect of a locally confined interest, then vnthin the colony of Hong Koiig or according 
to fact,) of an invention for {state the nature of the invention in terms of the English Patent), and 
which invention I believe will, in all probability, be of great public utility within Hong Kong ; 
and that the same is not publicly used within the said colony; and that, to the best of my 
knowledge and belief, the instrument in writing; under my hand hereunto annexed, particularly 
described and ascertains the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be 
performed. 

Dated the day of 18. . . . 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



66 HOKG KONG. TCELA^'D. INDIA. 

SPECIFICATIOX. 

To all "Whom it may concern: Be it known that I (Twre insert name, occupation, and jilace of 
residence) am in possession of an invention for {state the title of tfie invention as granted) and I the 
said {liei-e insert name), do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the 
same is to be performed, to be particularly described anJ ascertained in and bv the following 
statement thereof, that is to say : — 

The invention has for its object (here describe the invention in accordance with tJie complete 
spec'flcation on tcJiicJi the English Letters Patent loere granted, icith reference to draxoings, ifamj). 
(TVitness.) (Signature of Applicant.) 

POTTER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of Ordinance Xo, 14, of 1862, of the Government of Hono- 
Kong, and in the matter of (name, occupation and address), an 
Inventor. 

I, the above-named (name cf applicant), do hereby retain, constitute, and appoint 

as my Agent and Attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of iiong 

Kong, Letters Patent for {state title of invention as i^er petition), and I authorize him to sign mv 
name to such papers and writings, and do such acts regai'ding the same. Including the appointment 
of a substitute or substitutes, r.s may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this .day of 18, 

Signed, sealed and delivered at , / 

(Signature of Applicant.) [l. s.j 
in the presence of ) 



fceland. 



CHARGES. 

^ PATENTS, Cost of, all taxes paid ................ 475 00 

ASSIGNMENTS , ........ . . 32 50 

TTORKING 50 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words ; 50 cents must 
be added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

There is as yet no special law in this country providing for the issue of patents, 
hut patents are granted upon application by the King of Denmark, Iceland being a 
Danish possession, upon the same general terms and conditions as the Danish patent. 
(See Denmark for further particulars.) 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Denmark, which see. 



India* 



The Patent covers the whole of British India, including the newly annexed possessions 
Burmah, Aden and the Xicobar and Laccadivcs Islands. 



INDIA. 67 



CHARGES. 



PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for four years $50 00 

TAXES. — Payable yearly, counting from the date of a-pjjlication. 

Before the end of Fourth Year 27 50 

Fifth " 27 LO 

Sixth " 27 50 

Seventh " ., = 27 50 

Eighth " 27 50 

Ninth " 55 00 

Tenth " 55 00 

Eleventh " 55 00 

Twelfth " 55 00 

Thirteenth " 55 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recordiu- 10 00 

AMENDMENTS or DISCLAIMERS, including Government fee*.. 15 00 

If the inventor fall, from any cause, to pay the fees within the required time, the time may 
be extended for a period not exceeding three months. The fines payable to the government for 
such extensions are— one month, 10 rupees ; two months, 25 rupees ; three months, 50 rupees. Our 
charges for procuring- extensions, iuclviding the above fines, are : 

Extension for one month, $15.00; for two months, $33.00 ; for three months, $32.00 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The applicant must be the actual inventor, his assignee, 
executor or administrator. A mere importer cannot obtain a valivl patent. 

Patents, Kind and Duration.— -Patents of Invention : they are granted for four- 
teen years from the date upon which the specification is filed, subject to the payment of 
the prescribed taxes. An exclusive privilege in ] espect of an invention for which a 
patent has been obtained in Great Britain will cease on the revocation or expiration of 
that patent. If a patent has not been obtained in Great Britain, the Indian exclusive 
privilege will cease on the revocation or expiration of any other prior foreign patent or 
exclusive privilege. Ihis latter restriction will seemingly oblige many inventors having 
patents in countries where the grant is only for a short period, or the taxes heavy, to 
take out and maintain a British Patent, in order to insure the obtaining of the full term 
of the Indian privilege. Extensions of the duration of privileges are provided for by 
Sec. 15 of the law. The government fee for such extension is 100 rupees, equal to about 
150.00. 

Unpatentable. — Patents will not be granted : if the invention is of no utility; if it is 
not new ; if the applicant is not the inventor ; if the specification does not fulfil the re- 
quirements of the Act ; if the application contains a wilful or fraudulent misstatement ; 
if the application, is made after the expiration of a year after the acquisition of a foreign 
l^atent for the same invention. 

Novelty, Eifect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application must be filed in the office in Calcutta before the expiration of one year from 
the date of the acquisition of a Patent or other exclusive privilege in any place beyond 
the limits of British India and the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and before the 
invention has been publicly known or used either in India or Great Britain. In case a 
British Patent has been obtained, the Indian application may be filed at any time within 
one year from the date of the actual sealing of the British Patent, if the said invention 
was not publicly known or used in India at the time the application was made for the 
British Patent, notwithstanding any subsequent use or publication before the expiration 
of the time— a year from date of sealing— allowed for making the application in India. 
If a public use or knowledge of an invention has been obtained in fraud of an inventor, 
provided he has not acquiesced in the use, and applies for leave to file a specification 
within six months of such use, the invention will be deemed new. An inventor himself, 
or his servant, agent or licensee, may use an invention in public, and the invention be 
deemed new if the application be lodged within a year from the commencement of such 
public use. 

Taxes. — The law and practice is very similar to that in Great Britain. No taxes 
are payable after the issue of the patent until the fourth year of its term, when annual 
taxes commence to fall due. All taxes are payable yearly in advance, counting from 
I he date of application. Should the patentee from any cause fail to pay any tax within 



68 INDIA. 

the required time, an extension of time for paying same, but not to exceed three months 
at most, can be obtained by making dae application therefor, and upon payment of 
a fine. (See "Charges" for amount of fine.) 

Assignments. — The papers should be prepared in duphcate and must be accom- 
panied by a power of attorney from the assignee, authorizing the registration of such 
assignment, and the naming of a place in India where serviceof any rule, etc., may be 
made. Assignments and licenses need not be authenticated by a JS'otary Public or 
Magistrate, but had better bear the signatures and addresses of two witnesses. The 
consideration expressed should be nominal. 

Working'. — There aie no requirements. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

jVote.— The power of the agent in India has been amplified under the new la-sv, and he can new- 
sign all the papers on behalf of an applicant, provided he be dulj- authorized in his power of attor- 
ney to do so. It is, however, always better to get the apphcant himself to sign all the papers 
whenever it is possible to do so. 

AVhere the applicant is the assignee, an assignment must be furnished with the other papei-s. 

Where the applicant is a Company or Corporation, the petition and all other papers must be 
signed by the chief oflBcer or Secretary, and sealed with its seal. 

"Where an English Patent has been obtained as a co?7i/7izmi"cafi'on, the appUcation should never- 
theless, be made in the name of the inventor himself. In such cases it is absolutely necessary to 
furnish an assignment of the Indian rights from the English agent or other English applicant, to 
the applicant for the Indian privilege. 

It is most important that the Title of the invention should be described in exactly the same 
terms in all the papers. Where an English Patent exists, the title in the paper for Indian apph- 
cations must correspond precisely therewith. 

1. Petition with Application. — May be written on any paper. The simple signa- 
ture of the apphcant is sutficient. No witnesses nor legalization necessary. 

2. Five copies of the Specification. — May be Avritten on any paper. One copy 
at least should be signed by the applicant. Xo witnesses nor legahzation necessary. 
All alterations or erasures must be initialed by the applicant. 

3. Fire copies of the Drawings. — These may be on any kind of paper, or on trac- 
ing cloth. If prepared on thin tracing paper, they should be mounted on thicker paper 
or cloth. Copies of drawings taken from the English blue books, or photographs, are 
accepted. 

4. Power of Attorney. — May be written on any paper. Must be signed by the 
applicant, whose signature should be attested by two witnesses, who should state 
their addresses. 



FORMS. 

XoTE.— Please note that there are two separate and distinct forms of Petition or Application. 
It is important that the correct forms be used in each case. 

Form A. to be used if a Patent has not been obtained in England, but may also be used if an 
application for a Patent in England is lyencling. 

Form B must be tised where a Patent has already Jjeen obtained in England. 

Form A. PETITION OR APPLICATIOX. 

To THE GOVERNOR GENERAL IN COUNCIL : 

The apphcation of (fiere insert )ianie, occupation and address) 
for leave to file a Specification under Part I. of The In- 
ventions and Designs Act, 1888. 

1. The applicant is in possession of an invention for {state tJie title of the invention): he is the 
inventor thereof {or^ as the case may be, the executor, administrator or assignee of the inventor) ; 



IKDIA. 69 

and, to the best of his information and beUef , the invention is new within the meaning of Part I. 
of The Inventions and Designs Act, 1888, and no circumstance exists which, if the applicant is 
authorized to file a Specification, and files it in accordance with that Part, -will disentitle him to an 
exclusive privilege thereunder in respect of the invention. 

3. The following Is a description of the invention (Uere insert a copy of the complete specifl- 
cation.) 

3. The applicant, therefore, appUes for leave to file a specification of the invention pursuant 
to Part I. of The Inventions and Desigqs Act, 1888. 

(Signature.) 

I, the applicant above named, do declare that what is stated in the above application is true to 
my knowledge, except as to matters stated on information and belief, and as to those matters I 
beUeve them to be true. 

Dated day of 18.... ■ (Signature.) 

SPECIFICATION. 

To all whom it may concern : Be it known that I (here insert name, occupation and address) 
am in possession of an invention for (state the title of the invention), and I, the said (here insert the 
name), do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be 
pei-formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement 
thereof, that is to say— 

The invention has for its object (here describe it fully loith reference to the draivings, if 
any). 

Witnesses : (Signature.) 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of Act No of 18 — of the Legislative Council 

of India, and in the matter of (name, occupation and address,) 
an inventor. 

I, the above named (insert name), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint 

as my agent and attornej% to apply for and obtain from the Government of India an Exclusive 
Privilege or Letters Patent for (title of invention as per petition), and I authorize him to sign my 
name to such papers and writings, and do such acts, including the appointment of a substitute or 
substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this day of 18.... 

Signed, sealed and delivered at 

in the presence of ) (Signature.) [L. S.] 



FormB. PETITION OR APPLICATION. 

To THE GOVERNOR GENERAL IN COUNCIL : 

The application of (here insert name, occupation and address) for 
leave to file a Specification under Part I. of The Inventions 

and Designs Act, 1888. 

1. The applicant (or, as the case may he, A. B. of whom the applicant is the executor, adminis- 
trator or assign) has obtained a Patent in the United Kingdom dated and sealed as on the day 

of 18 — , and actually sealed on the day of 18 — for (staZethe title 

of the invention), 

2. To the best of the information and belief of the applicant, the invention is new within the 
meaning of Part I. of the Inventions and Designs Act, 1888, and no circumstance exists which, if 
the applicant is authorized to file a specification, and files it in accordance with that part, wiU 
disentitle him to an exclusive privilege thereunder in respect of the Invention. 

3. The following is a description of the invention (here insert a cox)y of the complete specifi- 
cation). 

4. The applicant, therefore, applies for leave to file a specification of the invention pursuant 
to Part I. of the Inventions and Designs Act, 1888. 

(Signature.) 

I, the applicant above named, do declare that what is stated in the above appUcation is true to 
my knowledge, except as to matters stated on information and belief, and as to those matters I 
beheve them to be true. 

(Signature.) 

Dated this day of 18.... 



70 INTERNATIONAL UNION. ITALY, 



See end of book. 



italjj. 



CHARGES. 

The patent covers the entire Kingdom of Italy, which includes the Islands of Sicily and Sar- 
dinia. 

* PATENT, Cost of, all taxes paid for one year $35 00 

" " term tax paid for six years 45 00 

fifteen " 63 00 

*PATENTOF ADDITION, all taxes paid 25 00 

t PROLONGATION of Patent, at end of any term 20 00 

TAXES, payable on or before the first day of each successive year of the 
duration of the patent, the duration being always reckoned from the 
last day of one of the following months, viz.: March, June, Septem- 
ber or December, next following the day on which the application 
for the patent was made. Three months' grace, without fine is 
alloioed for the payment of annual taxes. 

Second and third years each $12 50 

Fourth, fifth and sixth years " 17 50 

Seventh, eighth and ninth years " 22 50 

Tenth, eleventh and twelfth years " 27 50 

Thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth years " 32 50 

ASSIGNMENTS (see Assignments) 20 00 

WORKING, exclusive of manufacture or freight charges 20 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond this 
number, 35 cents must be added for each 100 words. 

+ Applications for prolongations must be accompanied by a Power of Attorney signed by 
the applicant and legalized by an Italian Consul, and by the original patent, together with any 
Patents of Addition which may have been obtained. The application for prolongation must be 
filed before the expiration of the original patent. To the above charge must be added S2.00 for 
every year for which the patent is to be prolonged, and also the amount of the next year's tax. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee. — The author of a new invention or discovery, or his 
assign, whether a person, firm or corporation. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for from one to fifteen 
years as elected by the applicant. Patents of Addition granted for the life of the origi- 
nal patent and expiring therewith. Patents demanded for a less term than fifteen years 
can be prolonged to this term either in a single prolongation or by successive prolonga- 
tions of one or more years each. A patent granted for an invention already patented 
abroad expires with that patent for which the longest term has been granted, but in no 
case can it exceed the maximum limit of fifteen years. A patent of invention takes 



ITALY. 71 

effect from the date of its application, and its duration from the last day of that one of 
the months of March, June, September and December which follows next after the date 
of application. 

TJnpatentalble. — Inventions or discoveries relating to trades which are contrary to 
law, morals, or public safety ; inventions or discoveries not relating to the manufacture 
of material objects ; inventions or discoveries of a mere theoretical nature ; all kinds of 
medicines. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application should be filed 
before the invention has been published, or become publicly known in Italy but in case 
of an invention previously patented abroad and not yet imported into Italy, although 
already published by means of such foreign patent, a valid patent may be obtained at 
any time so long as the application be made before the expiration of the foreign patent, 
and before the importation or use of the invention in Italy by persons other than the 
inventor. 

Taxes. — Patents are subject to two kinds of taxes : one a proportional or term tax, 
the other an annual tax. The proportional or term tax consists of as many times 10 
lire (about $2.00), as there are years in the term for which the patent is demanded 
(whether an original patent or a patent of prolongation), and is payable in advance at the 
time the application is made. The annual taxes are 40 lire for each of the first three 
years, 65 lire for each of the three following years, 90 lire each for the seventh, eighth, 
and ninth years, 115 lire each for the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth years, and 140 lire for 
each of the three last years. All annual taxes are payable in advance, but three months' 
grace is allowed, without fine. 

It is usual to pay the term tax for at least sice years, as, if a patent is obtained for a shorter 
term than six years it must be worked within one year, whereas a patent granted for six years or 
longer need not be worked until the second year. 

Assignments. — In case the patent is only partially assigned, or is assigned to more 
than one person in parts or shares, i. e., otherwise than collectively, the registration of 
the assignment cannot be effected until the whole of the taxes shall have been paid for 
the remainder of the term of the patent ; that is to say, the term for which the " term tax " 
was paid 

To effect the recording of an assignment the following documents are necessary. 1. 
An assignment in duplicate in either the Italian or French languages, signed by the 
assignor and legalized by an Italian Consul. 2. A power of attorney in the same 
language as the assignment, signed by the assignee, and legalized by an Italian Consul, 
authorizing the recording of the assignment and the payment of the fees in connection 
therewith. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document, which 
includes Consular and Agency fees. 

Working. — If the invention has been patented for a term less than six years the 
working must be commenced within one year of the date of the patent, and the working 
must not entirely cease for any one entire year thereafter. If patented for six years or 
more, the working must be commenced within two years of the date of the patent, and 
the working must not entirely cea^e for any two years thereafter. The patentee does 
not forfeit his rights if he can prove that his failure to work his invention is attributable 
to causes beyond his own control, but the want of pecuniary means is not included in 
these causes. The courts, in contested cases, seem disposed to construe the lawinasense 
favorable to the inventor's interests, if he can produce evidence to show that he has 
reasonably exerted himself to work his invention. It is considered sufficient in case of 
machinery or apparatus to import one or more of the articles into Italy, and to set up and 
work it or them there. In case of a process, it must be carried into practice. Proof of 
working should be obtained and retained by the patentee. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required for Patents of Addition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper and in any suitable form. No 
signatures necessary. 



72 ITALY. JAMAICA. 



2. Drawings in triplicate.— On drawing board or tracing cloth. Three diflerent 
sizes may be used for the sheets, viz. : 15 centimetres (of inches), in width, by 20 centi- 
metres (7| inches) in height ; 20 centimetres (T| inches) in width, by 30 centimetres (1H| 
inches) in height ; or 30 centimetres (ll^f inches), in width, by 40 centimetres (15f 
inches) in height. It is important to use the smallest size that the nature of the draw- 
ings will permit. No signatures are necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and legalized by an Italian 
Consul. The usual French power should be used. (See France.) 

4. If Prior Foreign Patent Exists, a certified copy of the patent should be fur- 
nished, which must be legalized by the Italian Consul, 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of S3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



fnm^ita* 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid , .$185 00 

PATENT OF ADDITION 185 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 25 00 

WORKING, exclusive of freight or cost of manufacture . , , 50 00 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Wlio may be Patentee. — The true and first inventor or importer, or his author- 
ized agent or assignee. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention (or Importation), granted for 
fourteen years, and Patents of Addition, which form a part of, and expire with, the 
original patent. In exceptional cases, the patent may be extended for a further term of 
seven years. In case of prior foreign patents, the patent expires with the patent having 
the shortest term. 

Unpatentall)le.— A valid patent cannot be obtained for an invention, the subject of 
a foreign patent which has already expired. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application 'must be filed before the invention has been introduced into public and com- 
mon use in Jamaica. Patents may be obtained at any time upon inventions already 
patented abroad, so long as the foreign patents remain in force and the invention has not 
been brought into public and common use ia Jamaica. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments.— May be prepared in any usual form, and should be in duplicate. 

Working. — The invention must be put into operation within two years of the date of 
the patent. It is considered sufficient in case of machinery or apparatus to import one 
or more into Jamaica and put it or them into operation there. In the case of a process it 
must be brought into practice there. 



JAMAICA. 73 

Special. — Jamaica is oae of the few British Colonies that do not issue formal Letters 
Patent. All Letters Patent are registered and retained in the Office of the Colonial 
Secretary. The only documents that can be forwarded to inventors, are the official 
certificate of the filing of the application, and a copy of the Official Gazette containing 
the notice of the same. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 



The documents should be written oi' printed on legal cap, on one side only, and all should lie 
sent in duplicate. 

1. Petition.— Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. The declaration may be taken before 
a Notary Public or a British Consul. 

3. Drawings in duplicate.— On drawing board or tracing cloth, of any suitable 
size. No signatures required. 

4. Specification. — Signed by applicant and two witnesses. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant and legalized by a British Consul. 
We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $2.50. 



FORMS. 



PETITION. 

To His Excellency, &c., &c., {Tiere leave Jjlanic for the name ana title of Governor). 

The humble petition of {here insert name, occupation ana aaaress of 
petitioner), for, &c. 
Showeth :— 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for {insert the title of the invention), which 
invention he believes will be of great pubUc utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof ; 
and that the same is not in use by any other person or persons, to the best of his knowledge and 
belief. 

Your petitioner, therefore, humbly prays that your Excellency will be pleased, in the name 
and on behalf of Her Majesty, the Queen, to grant unto him, his executors, administrators, and 
assigns, Her Majesty's letters patent for this Island, for the term of fourteen years, pursuant to 
the statute in that case made and provided. And your petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



DECLARATION. 



I {insertname^full address and occupation of applicant)^ do solemnly and sincerely declare that 
I am in possession of an invention for {insert the title as in petition), which invention I believe will 
be of great public utility ; that I am the true and first inventor thereof ; and that the same is not 
in use by any other person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that the instru- 
ment in writing, under my hand and seal, hereunto annexed, particularly describes and ascertains 
the nature of the said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed ; and I 
make this declaration, conscientiously believing the same to be true, and by virtue of the provis- 
ions of an act made and passed. 

Declared at this day of ) 

V {Signature of Applicant.) 

A, D before me ) 

{Signature ana title of person before whom the declaration is made.) 



74 JAMAICA. JAPAN. 

SPECIFICATION. 

To aU to whom these presents shaU come : I, {insert full name, address and occuvation of appli- 
cant), send greeting :— 

Know ye, that I, the said {nume of applicant), do herebj^ declare thb nature of my invention, 
for {insert title as in petition), and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly 
described and ascertained in and by the following statement ; that is to say :— 

{Here describe the invention.) 

In witness whereof, I, the said {insert name of applicant), have hereunto set my hand this 

day of A. D 

"We attest :— {Sigfuiture of Applicant.) 

CD., of &c. 

E. F., of &c. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of The Patent Law Amendment Act, 1857, of the Government of 
Jamaica, and in the matter of {nam^e, occupation and address), an 
Inventor. 



I, the above-named (insert name), doherebj^ retain, constitute and appoint. 



as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of Jamaica an 
exclusive privilege or Letters Patent for {insert title of invention precisely as in petition), 
and I authorize him to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts, including the 
appointment of a substitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this day of 18 

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of {Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.] 



fHpan* 



New patents, designs and trade-marks laws were passed in Japan on December ISth, 
1888, to go into efEect on February 1st, 1889. 

Under the provisions of these laws natives of Japan may secure patents for inven- 
tions for five, ten or fifteen years ; patents for designs for three, five, seven or ten years, 
as they may elect ; and protection for the use of any trade-mark for the term of twenty 
years, by making due appUcationto the Minister of State for Agriculture and Commerce. 

The benefits of these laws do not, however, extend to foreigners, nor can foreigners 
obtain protection in Japan for inventions, designs or trade-marks, except by securing a 
special grant, which is a very costly and uncertain undertaking. 

We quote the following from the Japan Mail, a semi-olficial journal : 

' ' Foreign patents and foreign trade-marks remain as before without protection in 
Japan ; nor can they possibly receive protection so long as the provisions of Japanese law — 
this Patent Law, for example — are not effective in respect of foreigners living in Japan. 
If the latter cannot be restrained from infringing Japanese patent-rights, neither can 
they claim protection for their own patents against Japanese infringement. " 

Upon the passage of the patent law of April 18th, 1884, we instructed our agents to 
apply to the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs for an interpretation of the law as 
regards the rights of foreigners under it. The Minister's reply, dated at Tokio, August 
8d, 1885, was to the effect that the patent regulations were not applicable to foreigners. 
We have had our agent make similar inquiry with regard to the new laws, and he has 
been informed that foreigners can derive no benefits from them atpj'esent. 

The cost of a special grant cannot be determined in advance. Upon receipt of par- 
ticulars we will obtain estimates as to costs through correspondence. 



JAVA. SEEWARD ISLANDS. 75 



§^V^. 



The Patent Law was repealed in 1870, and there is now no special law upon this 
subject. 



^^a^dw^ §$\mil 



See India. 



)^$$. 



There is as yet no patent law in this British Colony. The government will, however, 
undoubtedly grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided 
the invention is likely to prove of practical utility in the country, 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $200 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Gold Coast Colony, which see. 



fa §t mnim. 



See France. 



^tmm& §$\mA^. 



Comprising Antigua, Anguilla, Dominica, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Christopher and Virgin Islands. 
These several colonies were, for administrative purposes, grouped together in 1871. 



CHARGES. 

PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, for six months $150 00 

COMPLETING APPLICATION 120 00 



$270 00 



76 LEEWARD ISLANDS. 

* COMPLETE iu first instance, all taxes paid for three years. $250 00 

f TAXES, at or before the expiration of the third year » ..... . 60 00 

" seventh" 110 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 15 00 

*The above cliarge includes all expenses, except in cases of possible opposition, for -which 
special arrangements will be'made in each case. 

The application may be made either with a provisional or a complete specification. In case 
of the former, provisional protection is afforded for six months' time ; the complete specification 
must be filed before the expiration of the provisional protection. * 

+ In making pajTnent of taxes, the Letters Patent must always be forwarded for the endorse- 
ment of the pajTiient thereon. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

TVho may be Patentee. — The true and first inventor, which is interpreted to include 
the true and first importer. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Patents granted for a term of six months. 
Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for fourteen years, counting from the date 
of the filing of the application, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. Exten 
sions may sometimes be obtained. In case of prior foreign patents, the patent will 
expire with the first expiring foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The invention must not have 
been known or used in the Colony, at the time the application is filed. Prior publication 
or patenting m other countries does not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, 
but a valid patent cannot be obtained after the expiraiion of a foreign patent for the same 
invention. 

Taxes. — A tax of £10 is payable before the end of the third year of the life of the 
patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and another of £20 
before the expiration of the seventh year. No prolongation of the time for making pay 
ment can be obtained. 

Assignments. — These may be prepared m any usual form, and should be in 
duplicate, 

TTorking. — There are no conditions. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED.. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant, 

2. Declaration.— Signed by applicant. The declaration may be made before any 

ofiicial competent to take the same^ but had better be made before a British Minister 
or Consul. 



size 



3. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any convenient 
:. No signatures necessary. 

4. Specification in duplicate.^Either provisional or complete. Should be 
written on legal cap, on one side only. May be signed either by the applicant or the 
agent. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. 

The forms for the documents, except the specification, ai'e the same as for British Honduras 
(which see), with the exception of the change in the name of the Colony, and the title of the Act, 
which for the Leeward Islands is " Patent Law Act, 1876." The form for the specification is also 
the same, with the exception that the first few lines should read : 

To aU to whom these presents shall come : I, &c., &c., send greeting : — 

"VDiereas, His Excellency Governor of the Leeward Islands, by Letters 

Patent bearing date the day of A. D., in the year of Her Majesty's 

relgu, did for Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me. the said, &c., &c. 

The rest of the form. Is precisely the same. 



LIBERIA. 77 



CHARGESo 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $200 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 30 00 

WORKING, the charge is variable, usually 75 00 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may he Patentee. — The first and true inventor his heirs, executors, admin- 
strators or assigns. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — There is but one form of patent ; this is granted for a 
term not to exceed twenty years. 

Unpatentalble. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The law requires that where 
the applicant is a citizen of Liberia, the invention must be one "not known or used by 
others within the limits of this Republic, and not described in any book or publication in 
this country" before the applicant's invention or discovery thereof . If the applicant is 
an alien, the invention must not have been known or used by others within the limits of 
the Republic at the time the application is filed. The holder of a prior foreign patent 
may obtain a valid Liberian patent at any time subject to the above requirement of nov- 
elty. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate. Any usual form will answer. 

Working. — Inventions for which aliens obtain patents must be worked ; ' ' put in 
active operation in the Republic," within three years of the date of the patent. 

In the absence of any decision upon this point, it is impossible to state just what 
amount or form of working is required. It is believed that in the case of machines or 
apparatus it will be sufficient to import the same into Liberia, and to operate or sell them 
there. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by the applicant. 

2. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. 

4. Drawings in duplicate.— Signed by the applicant in the lower right hand 
corner. 

o. Oath. — Signed by the applicant before a Notary Public or a Consul of Liberia. 

6. A Certificate, signed and sealed by the Mayor or Governor of the town in 
which the applicant resides, or by a Notary Public, to the effect that the applicant is the 
original and first inventor, or his legal assignee. 

Note. — Our correspondent informs us that the Liberian Government has not prescribed 
forms for any of the documents, but says that the documents should be drawn and executed as 
for United States appUcations, the name of the country being- changed, and the oath setting 
forth that the invention is not publicly known or used in the Republic of Liberia. The Petition 
will be addressed "To the Secretary of State." If the applicant is the assignee the documents 
must so state. 



78 LUXEMBOURG. 



ear 


^21 50 


" 23 50 


'■ 25 50 

" 27 50 


" 29 50 


■' 31 50 

" . . 33 50 


20 00 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $25 00 

^PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 20 00 

TAXES. Payable annually, counting from the date of application, 

iciih three month's grace without fine. 

Second rear $ 7 50 : Ninth 

Third '" 9 50 Tenth 

Fourth " 1150 Eleventh 

Fifth " 13 50 Twelfth 

Sixth " 15 50 Thirteenth 

Seventh" 17 50 Fourteenth 

Eighth ^' 19 50 Fifteenth 

ASSIGNMENTS, prepariui^ and recording 

WORKING, exclusive of freight charges 15 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. 35 cents must be 
added for each 100 -words in the specification in excess of 2.000. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 

ITlio may l)e Patentee. — The first applicant; a person, firm or corporation. In 

case the applicant is not the inventor, however, it is desirable that he should obtain and 
keep the written consent of the latter, as the patent may be voided should it be proved 
that the essential features of the invention were taken from the descriptions, designs, 
models, instruments, tools or processes of another party without his consent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fifteen years, subject 
to the payment of the prescribed taxes, and the proper working of the invention. 
Patents of Addition gi-anted for the life of, and which expire with, the original patent. 

It is useless to take i patent in Luxembourg unless a patent has been, or is to be 
applied for "in the States with which the Grand Ducby of Luxembourg has a custom 
house union," (this at present applies to Germany) within three months from the date of 
the filing of the application in Luxembourg. The Luxembourg patent will also become 
extinct if the patent applied for in such States be refused, or if having been allowed, 
it be revoked, annulled or become extinct in any other manner, except by reason of 
failure to work the invention. The term of the patent commences from the day fol- 
lowing the day upon which the application is filed. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions which have for then- object food or other objects of 
consumption, pharmaceutical products or substances obtained by chemical means. Any 
special process for manufacturing these objects is patentable. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Pnblication.— An invention is not considered 
as patentable when at the moment the application is filed it is found to be already so 
clearly described in any printed matter open to the public, or so openly worked in either 
the Grand Duchy or any of the States of the German Custom House Union, as to render 
it possible for execution by other persons expert in the trade to which it refers. The 
holder of a prior foreign patent may obtain a valid patent in Luxembourg subject to the 
above requirement as to novelty. 

~^ Taxes. — Patents of Invention are granted subject to the payment of annual taxes. 
The tax amounts to 10 francs for the first year ; 20 francs for the second year, and so on, 
increasing at the rate of 10 francs each year. Three months' grace, without fine, is al- 
lowed for making the payment. No further prolongation of time for making payment 
can be obtained. 



LUXEMBOURG. MADEIRA ISLANDS. MALTA. 79 

Assignments. — These should be prepared in duplicate, may be in either the French 
or German language, and must be legalized by a Consul for the Netherlands. It is pref- 
erable to have the documents prepared in Luxembourg. 

"We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Ag-ency fees. 

Working. — The patent can be revoked after three years from the date of the patent 
by a royal Grand Ducal decree, subject to an appeal to the Litigation Committee of the 
Council of State, if the patentee neglect to put his invention into operation in the Grand 
Duchy to a suitable extent, or at least to do everything necessary to insure this working. 
It is considered sufficient to import one or more of the articles into Luxembourg, and to 
expose them for sale ; or, if this be difficult or impossible, to insert an advertisement in 
the newspapers offering to supply any demand that may arise. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required for Patents of Addition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper. No signatures are 
required. 

2. Drawing's in triplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, of any conven- 
ient size. No signatures are necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant or applicants, all names in full, 
and legalized by a Consul for tlie Netherlands or attested by a Notary Public. The 
usual French power may be used. (See France.) 

We can obtain the legahzation here, when desii'ed, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



Patlagn^at. 



There is no patent law at present, nor do we believe that special grants, having the 
same force, would be allowed by the government. 



Pad^ita fsitmtd!^. 



These Islands belong to Portugal and are covered by its patent. 



palta. 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for two years . $75 00 

TAXES, (See "Taxes" below.) 

ASSIGNMENTS, Preparing and Recording 17 50 

WORKING, Nominal .. 40 00 



80 MALTA. MARTINIQUE (WEST IXDIES). 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The true and first inventor or his agent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for a term not exceed- 
ing fourteen years. In case of inventions patented abroad the patent is granted for the 
unexpired term of such foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application must be filed 
before the invention has been made publiclj^ known in Malta or elsewhere. An inven- 
tor, or his representative to whom a patent has been granted in any other country may 
obtain a valid patent in Malta for the unexpired term of the original concession so long as 
the invention has not been made publicly known in any country. 

Taxes. — The requirements are quite unusual and peculiar. A tax of £1 with five 
per cent, on such portion of the profits as have arisen from the exclusive manufacture 
(the amount of which is to be declared by an affidavit of the applicant) must be paid 
every two years during the life of the patent. As the law is not yet two years old, and 
we have had no occasion to make any such payments under it, we are unable to state an 
exact charge for attending to them. We presume that $10.00 will cover agency fees. 

Assignments. — These may be in any suitable form and should be in duplicate. They 
should be legalized by a British Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of S2.50 for each legalization. 

Working. — The law reads as follows : ' ' An inventor may be required to assign his 
right, or to grant the use thereof, for a consideration to be determined by the competent 
Civil Court, if the invention or modification to which the patent refers shall not have 
been put into action within twelve months subsequent to the concession, or if its working 
shall have been suspended for twelve months continuously." It is believed that it is not 
the intent of the law to compel the actual manufacture of the invention in Malta, but 
that it will be sufficient to import and sell the articles there. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the inventor. The form of specifica- 
tion (heading and preamble to claims) may be the same as for British applications. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — May be made upon drawing paper or tracing cloth, 
and of any suitable size. No signatures required. 

3. Petition. — Signed by the inventor, and legalized by a British Consul. The 
application should be addressed to " The GJ-overnor of Malta," and may be in the same 
form as for the Bahama Islands, which see. 

4. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the inventor and legalized by a British Consul. 
It should be in the same form as for the Bahama Islands substituting the words " Ordi- 
nance No. XIII. of 1889," for the words "The Patent Act, 1889. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $2.50 for each legalization. 



PaitJttiquc [m^t BnAit^], 



This Island belongs to France and is covered by its patent. 



MAURITIUS. 81 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $150 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording. 25 00 

* The above charge is in full, except in case of ^possible opposition, for which special arrange- 
ments will be made in each case. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The true inventor, his heirs, executors, administrators, 
and assiiins. Joint inventors must make a joint application. The importer into Mau- 
ritius of a new invention is not deemed an inventor unless he is the actual inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for a term of fourteen 
years. The Governor in Council may extend the patent for a further term not exceed- 
ing fourteen years, if he thinks the circumstances warrant such extension. Patents 
based upon prior British patents cease to have effect if the British patents are revoked 
or cancelled, and expire with them at the end of their term. 

Unpatentable. — Financial schemes and operations of credit, whether commercial 
or industrial ; inventions patented abroad in jespect whereof a patent has expired. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
invention must not, at the time the application is filed, have been publicly used in 
Mauritius or in any part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or been 
made publicly known in Mauritius or the IJnited Kingdom by means of a publication 
either printed or written, or partly printed and partly written. But, an inventor having 
obtained a British patent may obtain a patent in Mauritius, provided the application be 
made within twelve months from the date of the British patent, although the invention 
be previously known or used in Mauritius, provided that such knowledge or use in Mau- 
ritius was not prior to the date of the British patent. The use of an invention in public 
by the inventor, or by his servants or agents, or by any other person with his license, 
for a period not exceeding one year prior to the date of the application, is not deemed a 
public use within the meaning of the ordinance. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Must be registered and transcribed at the Mortgage Office. The 
documents may be prepared in any usual form, and should be in duplicate. 

Working. — There are no requirements . 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The papers should be written or printed on legal cap, on one side only. 

1. Petition in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant, all names in full. 

2. Declaration in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant and a witness. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth. No signatures 
required. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the inventor and two witnesses. 



82 MAURITIUS. MEXICO. 

PETITION. 

To His Excellency, tlie Honorable Governor of Mauritius : 

The humble petition of (insert full mime, address and ocmipation of 
applicant). 
Showeth :— 

That your petitioner is in possession of an Invention for (insert title of invention), which inven- 
tion he believes will be of great public utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof, and 
that the same is not in use by any other person or persons, to the best of his knowledge and 
belief. 

(If a British Patent has T)een oWained, here state the fact, giving thenuniber and date in thefol- 
lowing form :) That j'our Petitioner has obtained Letters Patent of Great Britain for the said 
invention, said Patent being' numbered of and dated ) 

Your Petitioner, therefore, humbly prays that Your Excellency will be pleased, in the name 
and on behalf of Her Majesty, the Queen, to grant unto him, his executors, administrators and 
assigns, Her Majesty's Lettei-s Patent for this Island, for the term of fourteen j' ears, pursuant to 
statute in that case made and provided. And your Petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

The. . , day of 18 

Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLAKATION. 

I, {full name, address, and occupation of applicant), do solemnly and sincerely declare that I 
am in possession of an invention for (insert title as in 'petition), which invention I believe will be 
of great public utility ; that I am the true and first inventor thereof, and that the same is not in 
use by any other person or jsersons, to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that the insti-u- 
ment in writing, under my hand hereunto annexed, particularly describes and ascertains the 
nature of the said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed. 

The day of 18 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

SPECIFICATION. 

Specification of the invention of [insert full name, address and occupation of applicant) for 
{insert title as in petition). 

(Here proceed to describe the invention down to tlie claims.) 

Having thus described the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be 
performed, I claim : 

(Insert claims.) 

In witness whereof, I, the said {insert name of applicant) have hereunto set my hand and seal 

this day of 18.... 

{Signature of loitness.) (Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.] 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

Use the same form as for India (which see), changing the name of the Colony and the number 
of the Ordinance, which for Mauritius is " Ordinance No. 16, of 1875." 



§ftatt0. 



CHARGES. 

*PATE]S"T, cost of, all taxes paid $150 00 

PATENT, extension of term of old patents 125 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 30 00 

WORKING, about 50 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words ; 75 cents 
must be added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 



MEXICO. MONACO. 83 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 
Who may be Patentee. — Tlie actual inventor or his lawful representative. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for twenty years, count- 
ing from the day of issue, but in case prior foreign patents exist, the Mexican patent 
will expire with the foreign patent first granted. A patent may be extended for an addi- 
tional term of five years, in exceptional cases, if the Executive sees fit to do so. The term 
of existing ten year patents may be prolonged up to a maximum term of twenty years 
under the new law, upon payment of an additional tax and stamp duty. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions or improvements the employment of which is contrary 
to the prohibitive laws, or to public security ; scientific principles or discoveries, being at 
the same time merely speculative and not capable of being transformed into a machine, 
apparatus, instrument, or a mechanical or chemical process or operation, of a practical 
industrial character, 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application must be filed before the invention has received sufficient publicity in Mexico 
or elsewhere to enable it to be worked or executed. This does not, however, include 
publication of the invention by foreign patent offices, or publicity given in exhibitions. 
Subject to the above requirement with regard to novelty, a valid Mexican patent can 
be obtained at any time upon inventions already patented in other countries. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignment. — The document should be prepared in the Spanish language, and must 
be legalized by a Mexican Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $6.00. 

Working. — Section 33 of the law requires that a patentee must prove within five 
years from the date of the patent (the patent dates from its issue) that the patented 
article is made or used in the Republic or that the necessary steps have been taken to 
establish such an employment or manufacture. This term cannot be extended and the 
penalty for non-compliance is the forfeiture of the patent. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper. No signatures 
required. 

2. Drawing's in duplicate.— On tracing cloth or tracing paper, any convenient 
size. No signatures required. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant or applicants, all names in full, 
and legalized by a Mexican Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Re- 
public (which see). 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired at a cost of $6.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



^mM0. 



There is no patent law in force, nor do we know of any way in which inventions 
may be protected there. 



84 MONTENEGRO. MOROCCO. MICQUELON. NATAL. 

There is no patent law in force, and apparently no disposition on the part of the 
government to give protection to inventions in any way. 



lllovocca< 



There is no patent law in force as yet, and hut little probability that the government 
would allow special grants affording protection to inventions. 



This Island belongs to France, and is covered by its patent. 



Hatal 



CHARGES. 

* PROA^ISIONAL PROTECTION for six months $50 00 

COMPLETING APPLICATION 50 00 

Total $100 00 

* COMPLETE PATENT in first instance, all taxes paid for three 

years 90 00 

TAXES, at or before the expiration of three years 35 00 

seven " 60 00 

ASSIGN:MENTS, preparing and recording 40 00 

* This charge does not include the cost of a possible opposition, for -which special arrang-e- 
ments will be made in each case. 

The application may be made with either a pro-sTsional or a complete specification; in case of 
the former, the complete specification must be filed within six months of the date of the applica- 
tion. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may "be Patentee. — The true and first inventor. The interpretation clause of 
the Act provides that the word ' ' invention shall bear and have the same meaning as it 
has in the Act of the Imperial Parliament, the 15th and 16th of Her Majesty, c, 83, 
entitled, 'An Act for Amending the Law for Granting Patents for Inventions;' " and in 
the absence of any judicial decision upon the subject in the Colonial Coiirts, it seems 



NATAL. NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND). NEW CALEDONIA. 85 

probable the judges would follow the English and the Colonial precedents and construe, 
the " true and first inventor " to include the true and first importer within the Colony. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fourteen years, subject 
to the payment of the prescribed taxes. The patent will expire with the first expiring 
prior foreign patent. The Lieutenant-Governor is empowered to grant an extension of 
the patent, should the circumstances warrant, for an additional term of not more than 
fourteen years. The patent dates from the day the application is filed. 

Unpatentable.— A valid patent cannot be obtained in Natal for an invention, the 
subject of a foreign patent which has already expired. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The invention must not have 
been publicly used in Natal before the application for the patent. Prior patenting or 
publication in other countries will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent 
providing the invention has not been publicly used in Natal at the time the application 
is filed. 

Taxes. — A tax of £5 must be paid before the expiration of the third year of the 
life of the patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and a further 
tax of £10, before the expiration of the seventh year. No prolongation of the time for 
making payment can be obtained. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate. Any usual form may be em- 
ployed. 

Working'. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 



The documents required and the forms are precisely the same as for Cape Colony 
(which see), except that the words ' ' Attorney-General " should be substituted for the 
words "Colonial Secretary" wherever they occur; the name of the colony should be 
changed; and the title of the Act should read "Act No. 4, of 1870". All the documents 
including the Specifications (except the drawings) must be signed by the inventor, and 
the place and date of execution must be given. 



§etknhnii$ [§mmA], 



There is no patent law at present, but it is probable that there will be one soon, as 
earnest efforts are being made to secure the passage of a liberal law. The Netherlands is 
a member of the International Convention for the protection of industrial property. 



See France. 



86 NEWFOTmDLAND. 



The Patent covers Xewfoundland and the Eastern coast of Labrador. 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $150 00 

RE-ISSUE 150 00 

ASSIGX:MENT, preparing and recording 15 00 

WORKIXG 50 00 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The true inventor, or the owner of a prior foreign patent ; 
but the assignee cannot make the application in case of an invention made abroad for 
which no Letters Patent have been there obtained. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fourteen years. In 
exceptional cases the Governor in Council may insert in the Letters Patent a provision 
extending the operation thereof for a further term of seven years. In case there are 
prior foreign patents, the patent will expire with the first expiring foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — A valid patent cannot be obtained in Newfoundland for an inven- 
tion the subject of a foreign patent which has already expired. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The invention must not, prior 
to the filing of the application have been known or used, either in the Island or else- 
where, except it has been patented in some other country, in which case it must not have 
been introduced into public and common use in Newfoundland. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — The documents may be drawn in any suitable form, and should be 
in duplicate. It is preferable to have them executed before a Notary Public. 

TVorking. — The invention must be brought into operation in Newfoundland within 
two years of the date of the patent, or the patent will become void. In the absence of 
any judicial decisions upon this point we cannot say what will constitute a legal working. 
We are advised, however, that it is believed thai the importation and the sale of the 
patented article in Newfoundland, in quantities sufficient to meet all demands, will be 
adequate, 

^l^eeial.— MODELS OB SPECIMENS. Section Y. of the law provides that in case 
the invention relate to a machine, that the applicant shall furnish a model ; or, where the 
invention is a composition of matter, he must furnish specimens of the ingredients and 
composition of matter sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment. The Governor 
in Council may dispense with the delivery of a model in case of complicated machinery, 
where the cost may be so great as to prevent any ingenious but poor person from 
obtaining a patent if the delivery of the model were insisted upon. We should remark 
here that, while the delivery of a model may be insisted upon with any application, we 
have found in actual practice that models are not frequently demanded. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Oath. — Signed by applicant. The oath may be taken in Great Britain or 
Ireland, before the Mayor of a city or borough, certified under the corporate seal ; or in 
any other country before a British Consul or Vice-Consul, and must be certified under 
his seal of office. 



NEWFOUNDLAND. 87 

3. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. May- 
be written on legal cap, on one side only. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On any suitable material, tracing cloth preferred, and 
of any size. No signatures required. 

4. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant and two witnesses. 

6. Model or Specimens. — (See "Special. — Models or Specimens".) 



FORMS. 



PETITION. 

To the Governor of the Province of Newfoundland : 

The petition of {.full name, adaress and occupation of applicant) . 
Showeth : 

That he hath invented new and useful improvements in {insert title of invention)^ not known 
or used by others before his invention thereof. 

Your petitioner, therefore prays that a patent may be granted to him. for the said invention, 
as set forth in the specification sent herewith, according to the law in such cases made and pro- 
vided. 

(Signature.) 
{Place o.na date of signing.) 

SPECIFICATION. 

To aU whom it may concei-n : 

Be it known that I (insert full name, address and occupation of applicant), have invented anew 
and useful improvement in (insert title of invention), of which the following is a description (fiere 
lescribe the invention, referring to the drawings, if any.) 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two attesting witnesses. 
{Signatures of Witnesses.) (Signature of Applicant.) 

of 

of 

(Place and date of signing.) 

OATH. 



I, (full name, address and occupation of applicant), make oath and say, that I verily believe 
that I am the inventor of the new and useful improvements in (title of invention) described and 
claimed in the annexed specification, and for which I solicit a patent by my petition, dated (date of 
petition) ; and that, t > the best of my knowledge and belief, the said invention has never before been 
known or used by any person or persons in the Island of Newfoundland, or in any other country, 

(Signature of Applicant.) 

Sworn and subscribed to before me, this day of 18.... 

[Official Seal.] (Signature and title of official administering oath.) 

POWER OP ATTORNEY. 

I, the undersigned (name of applicant), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint 

as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of Newfoundland 
Letters Patent for (insert title of invention) : and I authorize him to sign my name to such papers 
and writings, and do such acts regarding the same, including the appointment of a substitute or 
substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this day of 18. . . . 

Signed, sealed and dehvered at 1 

V (Signature of Applicant.) [L. S.] 

In presence of ) 



88 NEW SOUTH WALES. 



CHARGES. 

PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for twelve months $30 00 

COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid 40 00 

$70 00 

COMPLETE PATENT in first instance, all taxes paid 60 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, if consideration is nominal 18 50 

real, and less than $500 15 00 

" " more than $500, add $3. 50 for each $500 . . . 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may Ibe Patentee.— An application for a patent or for provisional protection 
may be made by any person, provided he claims to be either — 1. The author or designer 
of an invention ; 2. the inventor's agent ; 8. the inventor's assignee ; 4. the introducer 
into the Colony of an invention new to the Colony ; 5. the introducer as to one part of 
the invention, and the inventor as to the other part ; 6. or the agent or assignee of any 
person claiming under any of the four preceding sub-sections. Letters Patent and Cer- 
tificates of provisional protection may also be applied for by trading associations or 
other corporate bodies; or joint application maybe made — 1, by individuals ; 2. by two 
or more corporate bodies ; or, 3. by an association of one or more corporate bodies with 
one or more individual applicants. The Attorney-General decided in December, 1885, 
that a patent might be granted to a local agent for a " communicated " invention, and it 
is presumed that this practice will hold good in future, or until the law is amended. 

Patents, Kind and Duration. — Provisional Protection granted for a term of twelve 
months; Patents of Invention granted for a term of fourteen years counting from the 
date cf the filing of the application. 

UnpatentaWe.— Any invention or improvement in the arts or manufactures may 
be made the subject matter of a patent, unless such invention or improvement appears to 
be detrimental to public health, public welfare, morality, or the interest of the State. 
Scientific principles or theories cannot be patented, but the practical application of them 
to industrial ends may form the subject of a patent. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application should be filed 
before the invention has been published, made, sold or used in New South Wales. Pub- 
lication of the invention, or the issue of prior patents in other colonies or countries, will 
not prevent an inventor from obtaining either a patent or provisional protection in New 
South Wales, unless — 1. the invention has been introduced into public use in New South 
Wales prior to the filing of the application ; or unless 2. such invention has been wholly 
or in part anticipated in a prior patent or certificate of provisional protection. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments.— All assignments or licenses are required to be registered in the 
Patent Office within the following respective periods from the date of execution: 1. 
within the colony, 14 days ; 2. from any of the other Australian colonies, 30 days ; 3. 
other places, 90 days. In view of this fact, it sometimes becomes necessary to send 
out these documents unexecuted, with a power of attorney in blank, authorizing the ex- 
ecution thereof by our agents. In some cases, solicitors prefer to send them out already 
executed, but not dated, leaving this to be inserted in the colony, but as the Act requires 
them to be registered within ninety days of their execution (and not of their date), it seems 
to be questionable whether this is a correct proceeding. The docimients must be in 
the English language, and in duplicate ; any suitable form. 

Working-. — There are no requirements. 



NEW SOUTH WALES. 89 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. May be written on any paper. Does not need 
to be witnessed. Both copies should be origioals, that is, not " carbon" copies. 

2. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by applicant. On any paper. No 
witnesses needed. 

3. Drawings in duplicate. — One copy must be made upon stout, white, smooth 
surfaced drawing paper, atid the other copy upon similar paper, parchment or tracing 
cloth, the sheets of which should be 8 inches wide by 13 inches high ; or 16 inches wide 
by 13 inches high, having a margin line all around one inch from the edge of the sheet. 
"~o signatures required. 



^c 



4. In Case of a Communicated Inyention an Appointment of Agent.— Signed 
by applicant. On any paper. 

5. If tlie Applicant is an Assignee, proof of the assignment must be furnished. 

FORMS. 

PETITION BY A SOLE INVENTOR. 

To His Excellency the Governor of the Colony of New South Wales :— 

The humble Petition of (Joltn Jones, of 65 Canal Street, New York, City, New YorTc, MacMnist,\ 
Showeth— 

1. That your Petitioner is the author or designer of a certain invention in, or improvement 
to, the Arts or Manufactures for which he is desirous of obtaining Letters Patent of the Colony 
of New South Wales. 

3. That communications from the Patents Office relative to this application may be for- 
warded to your Petitioner's Agent 

3. That in connection herewith your Petitioner has paid to the Colonial Treasurer the sum of 
five pounds sterling. 

4. That the title of the invention is {insert title). 

5. That to the best of your Petitioner's knowledge and belief, the invention has not been 
publicly used, or published, or oifered for sale within the Colony of New South Wales {when tUe 
invention is the subject of Provisional Protection, add the folloioing ;— " Except under the authority 
of a Certificate of Provisional Protection dated {insert date) for the invention in question.") 

6. That a detailed Specification of the invention, (if drawings accompanying tJie specification 
add the words .-—"illustrated by drawings,") is annexed to this Petition. 

Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that your Excellency, with the advice of the Execu- 
tive CouncU, will be pleased to grant unto him, his executors, administrators, and assigns, Letters 
Patent for the said invention for the term of fourteen years, in accordance with the provisions of 
the Act 16 Victoria, No. 24, and of the Patents Law Amendment Act of 1887. 

And your Petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

^Signature.) 

Dated at {place and date of signing). 

PETITION BY AN INTRODUCER OF AN INVENTION. 

The preamble, parts 2, 3, and 4, and the ending are the same as in form above. 
Parts 1, 5, and 6 should be changed so as to read :— 

1. That your Petitioner is the author or designer, by virtue of a communication from abroad, 
of a certain invention in, or improvement to, the Arts or Manufactures, which he desires to intro- 
duce into the Colony of New South Wales, and for which he is desirous of obtaining Letters Patent 
of the said Colony. 

5, That to the best of your Petitioner's knowledge and belief, the invention has not been pub- 
licly used or offered for sale within the Colony of New South Wales. 

6. That a detailed specification, illustrated by drawings, is annexed to this Petition. 
Your Petitioner, therefore, humbly prays, etc. 



PETITION BY AN APPLICANT WHO IS THE INTRODUCER AS TO ONE PART OF 
THE INVENTION AND THE INVENTOR AS TO THE OTHER PART. 

The preamble, parts 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the ending are the same as in the first form. 
Part 7 should be added, and parts 1 and 6 changed so as to read :— 

1. That your Petitioner is the author or designer (partly by virtue of a communication from 
abroad) of a certain invention in, or improvement to, the Arts or Manufactures, which he 
desires to introduce into the Colony of New South Wales, and for which he is desirous of obtaining, 
Letters Patent of the said Colony. 



so NEW SOUTH WALES. 

6. That a detailed Specification of the invention illustrated by drawings, is annexed to this 
Petition, and discriminates between the part invented and the part communicated . 

7. That the details of the communication from abroad are specified in a document hereto 
appended. 

Your Petitioner, therefore, humbly prays, etc. 



PETITION BY AN INVENTOR'S AGENT. 

The preamble, ending, and parts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are as in the first form. 
Part 1 should be changed so as to read :— 

1. That j-our Petitioner is the Agent of Qiere insert the inventor's full name, residence and 
occupation), -who claims to be the author or designer of a certain invention in, or improvement to, 
the Arts or Manufactures for which he is desirous of obtaining Lettei-s Patent, in the Colony of 
New South "Wales. 

PETITION BY THE INVENTOR'S ASSIGNEE. 

The form is the same as for an "• Inventor's Agent," except that Part 1 should read :— 

1. That your Petitioner is the Assignee of (hej^e insert the inventor^ s full name, residence and 

occupation), who claims to be the author or designer of, &c. 

Where the applicant is the agent of the Assignee, the form will lie as follows :— 
is the agent of A. B., the assignee of C. D., who claims to be the author, &c. 

PETITION FOR AN INVENTOR AND AN ASSIGNEE, JOINTLY. 

As in the first form, except that Part 1 should read as follows : — 

1. That your Petitioner (name of inventor), is the author or designer of a certain invention in, 
or improvement to, the Arts or Manufactures, that your Petitioner {name of assignee), is the 
assignee of one-half share of and in the same, and that your Petitioners are desirous of obtaining 
Letters Patent of the Colony of New South Wales, for the said invention. 

PETITION FROM A CORPORATE BODY. 

As in the first form, except as to the following particulars :— 

1. That your Petitioners are the assignees of {name of inventor), who claims to be the author 
or designer of a certain invention in. or improvement to, the Arts or Manufactures, for which 
they are desirous of obtaining Letters Patent of New South Wales. ****** 

Your Petitioners, therefore, humbly pray that Your Excellency, with the advice of the 
Executive Council, will be pleased to grant unto them, their successors and assigns, &c. 
Shoxdd De signed in th£ following form : 

(yame of Company.) 
Seal of the Bj', (Name of Officer signing.) 

(Title of his Office.) 
Corporation. 

SPECIFICATION. 

Specification of 

(insert full name, full address, and occupation of applicant) for an invention entitled (insert 
title of invention.) 

(Here follows the specification and claims.) 

(Signature.) 
Dated this (insert place and date of execution). 
;ness. 

APPOINTMENT OF AGENT. aN CASE OF COMMTINICATED INVENTION). 

Whereas I, (ins&^t full name, full address, and occupation of applicant), am the inventor of 
an invention entitled (insert title of invention), for which I am about to apply for Letters Patent 

In the Colony of New South Wales, I do hereby appoint 

my Agent to represent me in aU matters relating to the said application for Letters Patent, and I 
hereby give him full power to apply for the said patent in his name as my nominee. 

Dated this day of OPe thousand eight hundred and ninety 

(Signature.) 
Witness. 



NEW SOUTH WALES. 91 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO OBTAIN PROVISIONAL PROTECTION. 

1. Petition.— Signed by applicant. 

2. Specification. — Not in duplicate. Signed by applicant and one witness. 

FORMS. 

PETITION FOR A CERTIFICATE OF PROVISIONAL PROTECTION. 

To His Excellency the Governor of the Colony of New South Wales. 
The humble Petition of, (preamble as in Petition for Patent). 

1. That your Petitioner is the author or designer of a cei'tain invention in, or improvement 
to, the Arts or Manufactures, for which he is desirous of obtaining a Certificate of Provisional 
Protection. 

2. That communications from the Patents Office relative to this application may be forwarded 
to your Petitioner's agent, 

3. That in connection herewith your Petitioner has paid to the Colonial Treasurer the sum of 
two pounds sterling. 

4. That the title of the invention is {insert the title of the invention). 

5. That, to the best of your Petitioner's knowledge and belief the invention has not been 
publicly used, or published, or offered for sale, within the Colony of New South Wales. 

6. That a detailed specification of the invention, illustrated by drawings, is annexed to this 
Petition. 

Your Petitioner, therefore, humbly prays that your Excellency, with the advice of the 
Executive Council, will be pleased to grant unto him, his executors, administrators, and assigns, 
a Certificate of Provisional Protection, in respect of the said invention, and in accordance with 
the provisions of the " Patents Law Amendment Act of 1887." 

And your Petitioner will ever pray, &c. {Signature.) 

Dated at {insert place and date of signing). 

Note. — Where the Petitioners for Provisional Protection claim to be the agents or assignees of 
an inventor, or part introducers and part inventors, or where they represent the association of an 
inventor and his assignee, or of an inventor's assignee and the holder of a sub-assignment, see the 
corresponding forms of Petition for Lettei-s Patent, and alter the form so as to adapt the lan- 
guage to the relative circumstances of each case. 

Omit " illustrated by drawings " where no drawings are furnished. 

PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. 



Provisional Specification of (insert the full name, address and occupation of applicant), for an 
invention entitled (insert title of invention). 

(Here follows description of invention, without reference to drawings, and 
without claims.) 

(Signature.) 

Dated this day of 18. . . . 

Witness, 

Note.— When an appUcant applies for Provisional Protection or Letters Patent as the assignee 
of the whole of an invention, he must furnish an assignment, as per following form : — 

PROOF OF ASSIGNMENT OF THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN AN UNPATENTED 

INVENTION. 

For the information of the Examiner of Patents, Sydney, New South Wales, I, {insert name, 
address and occupation of assignor), do hereby acknowledge and declare that I am the author or 
designer of a certain invention entitled {insert title of invention), and that I have assigned all 
right, title, and interest (or an undi\aded part interest) in and to the said invention, so far as the 
Colony of New South Wales is concerned to (insert name and address of assignee), with full power 
for the said (name of assignee:) to apply for and obtain Letters Patent for the said invention in 
the said colony, in his own name (or in our joint names). 

Dated this {insert place and date of execution). 

(Signature. ) 
Witness. 

When he applies jointly with the inventor as being part assignee of the invention, no assign- 
ment is i-equired to be furnished. 



NEW ZEALAND. 



§m iealautl 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, for nine months $30 OQ 

f COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for four years 30 00 

$60 00 

t COMPLETE PATENT IN FIRST INSTANCE, all taxes paid for 

four years 50 00 

:}: TAXES, upon patents, granted on and after January 1, 1890. 

Before the expiration of the fourth year 35 00 

seventh " 60 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 17 50 

* An extension of time, (not hoAverer, to exceed three months) for the filing of the complete 
specification can be obtained upon application. The cost of obtaining such an extension, includ- 
ing- the government fees of £6, amounts to §40.00. 

+ In case the application is opposed or rejected, an additional expense°-vrill be incm-red, the 
amount of which -will depend upon the time and wo-^k involved. 

% In case the i atentee fails from any cause to pay the tax within the required time, an exten- 
sion of time, not to exceed three months, can be obtained for making the pajTnent. The cost of 
obtaining such an extension, including the government fees of £4, ardounts to §30. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may l)e Patentee. — The true and first inventor; the inventor and assignee or 
assignees; the assignee or assignees of the inventor; the nominee or nominees of the 
inventor; or the legal representative of a deceased inventor provided he makes the 
application within six months of the decease of such inventor. Joint inventors may 
obtain a joint patent. The unauthorized importer of an invention is not entitled to a 
patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fourteen years from 
the date of the acceptance of the specification. Provision is made for extending the term 
of a patent for seven years, and in exceptional cases for fourteen years. 

Uni)atental)le. — The Registrar may refuse to grant a patent for an invention, the 
use of vs^hich would in his opinion be contrary to law or morality, or if he knows that 
the alleged invention is not new. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application should be filed 
before tbe invention has been published, or been publicly known or used within 
New Zealand. Prior publication or prior patenting in any other country will not pre- 
vent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent provided the invention is new as to New 
Zealand at the time the application is filed. The exhibition of an invention at any 
colonial, intercolonial or international exhibition wlil not prejudice the right of an 
inventor to apply for and obtain a patent, provided: That in the case of an exhibition 
held at any place within the colony: (a) the exhibitor must, before exhibiting the 
invention, give the Registrar notice of his intention to do so; and, ip) the application 
for patent must be filed within six months from the date of the opening of the exhibi- 
tion. In case of an exhibition held at any place outside the colony, the foregoing condi- 
tions also apply; but the Governor may exempt the exhibitor from giving the previous 
notice to the Registrar. By an order in Council, the provisions of Section 103 of the 
British Patents Act, 1883, are applied to New Zealand, and any person who has applied 
for protection in England or in any foreign State, a party to the International Con- 
vention, is entitled to a patent in priority to any other applicant, provided the applica- 
tion is filed within twelve months from the date of the filing of the English or foreign 
application. 

Taxes. — A tax of £5 is payable before the expiration of the fourth year of the dura- 
tion of the patent, counting from the date of the acceptance of the specification; and a 



NEW ZEALAND. 93 

further tax of £10 is payable before the expiration of the seventh year. If a patentee, 
through inadvertance, accident or mistake, fails to pay a fee within the required time, he 
may obtain an extension of the time for making such payment, not, however, to exceed 
three months, upon application and the payment of government fees amounting to £4. 

Assignments. — The documents should be in the English language and in duplicate, 
and must be accompanied by a request to eater name in register, signed by the assignee. 
No regulations have been made as to the material upon which the assignments and request 
are to be made, nor have any forms been prescribed. It is suggested that the same forms 
be used as for British assignments, as these will undoubtedly be accepted. 

Working. — There are no requirements as to working, ia respect of patents granted on 
and after January 1, 1890. Patents granted before that date will probably still be 
required to be worked within two years of their date, although there is some doubt in the 
minds of some of our correspondents as to the necessity of such working. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Application. — Signed by the applicant and two witnesses. 

2. Specification in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant. One of the copies should 
"be certified by the applicant in the following form : "I certify this to be a true copy " 
and such certification should be signed by the applicant. 

3. Drawings in duplicate. — Upon tracing cloth or white drawing paper, the sheets 
of which should, preferably, not exceed two feet square in size. The drawings must 
not be folded, and must be signed by the applicant. 

4. If the applicant is the assignee or nominee of the inventor, an assignment or 
authority from the inventor must be furnished, together with a statutory declaration that 
he is the bona fide assignee or nominee of the inventor. 

5. If the applicant is the legal representative of a deceased inventor, the applica- 
cation must contain a declaration that the applicant believes such inventor to have been 
the true and first inventor of the invention, and must be accompanied by an office copy 
of, or extract from his will, or the letters of administration granted, and such copy or 
extract must be properly certified. 



FORMS. 



APPLICATION FOR PATENT. 

I, {insert name, address, and occupation of applicant), hereby declare that I am, {or, that A. B.of 

and I are, (as tlie case may &e) in possession of an invention for {insert title of invention); 

that I am {or that A. B. is, as the case may t>e) the true and first inventor thereof; and that the 
same is not in use by any other person or persons to the best of my knowledg'e and belief ; and I 
humbly pray that a patent may be granted to me {or us) for the said invention as described in the 
specification herewith. 

vV^itness :— 

(Signature). 

Dated this {insert place and date of signing). 

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 

I, {here insert name, address, and occupation of applicant), do hereby declare the nature of 
my invention for {insert title of invention) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be 
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :— 

{Here insert the specification, adding the following just before the claims :) Having now partic- 
ularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same 
is to be performed, I declare what I claim is, 

{Here insert the claims.) 

{Signature of Applicant.) 
Dated this {insert place and date of signing). 



94 XEW ZEALA:N"D. XICOBARS islands. XICARAGUA. NORWAY. 

PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIOX. 

I, Qwre insert name, address and occupation of applicant,) do hereby declare the nature of my 
inrention for {insert title) to be as f oUows :— 

{Here insei^t description of invention.) 

{Sigruiture.) 
Dated this {insert jjlace and date of signing.) 



|lii(obav^ ^$ilancl^, 



See India, 



IJiicavagua. 

There is as yet no patent la^ in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably"! We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $300 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in 
most cases. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili. The Power of Attorney must be legalized by a Xicaraguan 
Consul. 

"We can obtain the legalization here when desired at a cost of $3.00. 



|l^aviray. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $35 00 

* PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 35 00 

TAXES, payable annually counting from the date of application, with three months' 

grace ; hut, in such case, loiih the addition of one-fifth of tJie tax then payable. 

No taxes are payable on Patents of Addition. 

' '' "' ' year $15 00 

" 16 25 

" 17 50 

" 18 75 

" 20 00 

" 21 25 

" 22 50 



Second 


year 


$ 6 25 


Ninth 


Third 


" . . . . 


7 50 


Tenth 


Fourth 


(( 


. . . . 8 75 


Eleventh 


Fifth 


tt 


10 00 


Twelfth 


Sixth 


'' 


11 25 


Thirteenth 


Seventh 


t( 


12 50 


Fourteenth 


Eighth 


«< 


13 75 


Fifteenth 



NORWAY. 95 

FIRST APPEAL (in case of refusal) 12 50 

f SECOND APPEAL (to Superior Commissioner of Patents) 60 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 5 00 

WORKING, exclusive of freight charges 20 00 

*The above charg-e includes translation of the speciiication up to 2,000 words. Beyond this 
number, 50 cents must be added for each 100 words. In case the application requires amendment, 
a small additional charge must be made, the amount of the same being based upon the exact 
amount of time and work expended. 

tOf this amount, $37.50 will be returned if the appeal is successful. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may Ibe Patentee. — The right of obtaining a patent belongs solely to the 
first inventor, or to him who derives his right from him. In case tliere are several 
applicants, and it cannot be clearly shown which was the first inventor, the patent will 
be granted to the person whose application was filed the earliest. Patents of Addition are 
granted to the original patentee only, during the term of two years from the date of the 
application for the original patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention granted for fifteen years, count- 
ing from the date of the application, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes and 
the proper working of the invention. Patents of Addition are granted for the unexpired 
term of the original patent and expire with it. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions, the use of which would be contrary to law, morality 
or public order ; inventions, the subject matter of which is a beverage, food or medicine, 
although in respect of the latter the processes or apparatus specially adapted for their 
manufacture, may form the subject of a patent. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application should be 
made before the invention is so well known in Norway that it can be made use of by 
other persons. Publications in print or the exhibition of the invention will not prevent 
the obtaining of a valid patent, provided the application for the patent is made within 
six months thereafter. In case an application for a patent has been made in a foreign 
country, the application for the Norwegian patent may be made within seven months 
from the date of such foreign application. 

Taxes. — Taxes are payable upon all patents (except Patents of Addition) in instal- 
ments, yearly in advance, counting from the date of the filing of the application. There 
is three months' grace for the making of these payments, but, in such case a fine must 
be paid which amounts to one-fifth part of the tax due and payable. The yearly taxes 
are as follows : — 10 kroner for the second year, 15 kroner for the third, and so on, in- 
creasing 5 kroner each year. There are no yearly taxes on Patents of Addition. 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate, and should be drawn in ac- 
cordance with the laws of the country where the parties concerned are domiciled ; they 
must be legalized by a Norwegian Consul, and be duly registered at the Norwegian Pat- 
ent Office. 

When desired, we can obtain the legahzation here at a cost of $3.00 for each document, which in- 
cludes Consular and Ag'eucy fees. 

Working". — A patent must be worked within three years from the date of its issue, 
and such working must not be entirely discontinued thereafter for a year at a time. The 
Commissioners of Patents do not require proof that the patent has been worked. In 
the case of machinery or apparatus, it is considered sufficient to send one or more of the 
same to Norway, and have them exposed and advertised for sale. In case of a process, 
it should be carried into practice in the country. Proof of the working should be ob- 
tained each year. 



96 NORWAY. ORANGE FREE STATE. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

(The documents required for Patents of Addition are precisely the same.) 

1. Specification. — This may be written or printed on any paper. All measures 
and weights should be indicated by the metric system, and temperature by the Centi- 
grade thermometer. No signatures are necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — These should be made on one or more sheets of strong 
white drawing paper, or on tracing cloth, which must measure exactly 33 centimetres 
(13 inches) in height, by 21, 42 or 63 centimetres (SJ, 16i, or 24|- inches) in width, with 
a single margin line drawn 2 centimetres (^ inch) from the edge. No signatures are 

necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant, all names in full, and legalized by 
a Norwegian Consul, 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 

and Agency fees. 

Where the applicant is not the inventor, an assignm.ent or similar instrument must be for- 
warded. This document must be legalized by a Norwegian Consul. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
FULDMAGT. 



Undertegnede ........••• 

der onsker at erhyerve patent i kongeriget Norge pa. 



ogpasenere, forbedringer derved, bemyndiger herved hr i Christiania. 

eller den han i sit sted dertil matte bemyndige, til at voere f uldmoegtig i denne sag og som 

sadan at representere i alle patentet vedkommende anUggender samt at modtage stevTiemal 

pa vegne, alt i overensstemmelse med lov om patenter af 16de juni 1885. 

Place and date , , . , , 18 

{Signature of applicant.) 



^xmp $xu ^tate* 



CHARGES. 

* t PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for six months $165 00 

f i COMPLETING APPLICATION, all taxes paid for seven years. 175 00 

|340 00 
f X COMPLETE PATENT, in first instance, taxes paid for 

seven years. 325 00 

II § TAXES, payable on or before the expiration of the third year. . . 35 00 

" " *' -' seventh year 65 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 25 00 

* Provisional protection may be obtained as a means of establishing priority, but actions 
against infringers can only be commenced after the complete patent has been obtained. Where 
provisional protection has been obtained the complete specification must be filed, if at all, before 
the expiration of six njonths from the date upon Avhich the application for provisional protection 
was filed. 

tThe above charge covers translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. $1.00 must be added 
for every one hundred words in the specification in excess of 3,000. This charge does not include 



ORANGE FREE STATE. 97 

the costs of possible opposition, the charge for which will be made the subject of special agree- 
ment in each case ; nor does it cover reference fees if the Attorney-General calls in the services 
of experts as he is empowered to do. These expenses vnR seldom be incurred, however. 

t The government fee upon the issue of a patent may be any amount from £10 to £50. Our 
charges, as above, include the payment of a fee of not more than £25, which is the average fee 
chai'ged. Should the government fix the fee at a larger amount than £25, we shall be obliged to 
ask for an additional remittance to cover any amount in excess of this sum. It is believed that 
it will be seldom, if ever, necessary to ask for such additional remittance. 

:i If the patentee fails, for any reason, to make the payment within the required time, an 
extension of time for making the payment, not to exceed three months, can be obtained upon 
application, and payment of a fine of £5. Our charge for obtaining the extension and paying the 
fee is §40.00 

§ The patent must be produced for endorsement upon the pajTnent of each tax. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The actual inventor. With the inventor may be associated 
another person, a firm, or corporation. Joint inventors may obtain a joint patent. If 
an inventor, having obtained provisional protection, dies before obtaining a complete 
patent, his legal representatives may apply for and obtain the same, provided they do so 
within three months from the decease of the inventor. When the owner of an inven- 
tion dies without having applied for a patent, his legal representatives may apply for 
and obtain a patent, provided they file the application within six months from the decease 
of the inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Protection may be obtained for a term of 
six months. Patents of Invention are granted for a term of fourteen years from the date 
of the filing of the application. In exceptional cases patents may be prolonged for a 
further period not to exceed fourteen years. In case a prior foreign patent exists, the 
patent will expire with the foreign patent if the term of the latter is less than fourteen 
years, and if there be more than one foreign patent, will expire with that patent having 
the shortest term. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions, the application of which the government may consider 
contrary to the laws, to the public safety and to good customs; inventions that have al- 
ready been patented abroad, where sucli patent has expired. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Pnblication.— The application must be filed 
before the invention has been published or been publicly used in the Orange Free State. 
Prior publication or prior patenting of the invention in other countries will not prevent 
the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, provided the invention is new as to the Orange 
Free State at the time the application is filed. The exhibition of the invention at an in- 
ternational or industrial exhibition, or the publication of the invention while the exhibi- 
tion continues, or the use of the invention for making it known at the exhibition, or the 
use of the invention at some other place while the exhibition lasts, by another person not 
authorized by the inventor, will not invalidate the right of the inventor or his legal rep- 
resentatives to apply for provisional protection and to obtain a patent for the invention, 
provided due notice of the intention to make such exhibit is given in writing to the At- 
torney- General before the exhibit is exposed, and the application for patent is filed within 
six months after the close of the exhibition. 

Taxes. — A tax of £o is payable on or before the expiration of the third year of the 
life of the patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and £10 before 
the expiration of the seventh year. In case the applicant, through inadvertence, accident, 
or mistake, fails to pay a tax within the required time, a prolongation of the time for 
making payment can be obtained for a time not to exceed three months, upon making 
application, and paying a fine of £5. For our charges for obtaining such extension, see 
remarks under " Charges." 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate, signed by the assignor, and 
legalized by a Consul of the Orange Free State, and be accompanied by a Power of 
Attorney signed by the assignee, and legalized by a Consul of the Orange Free State, 
authorizing the recording of the assignment and the payment of the fees in connection 
therewith. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $5.00 for each legalization. 



98 ORANGE FREE STATE. 

Working.— There are no requirements. 

^lyecisLl.—COMPULSOR Y LICENSES. If a person to whom the patentee refuses 
to grant a license, can prove the following facts to the satisfaction of the government :— 
{a) that the invention is not worked within the Orange Free State ; {b) that the inven- 
tion is not worked in such a manner as to satisfy the reasonable demand of the public ; (c) 
that a party cannot apply and turn to full account an invention to which he has a claim ; 
the government can then enjoin the patentee to grant licenses under such conditions as it 
may deem equitable, with due allowance for the nature of the invention and the circum- 
stauces of the case. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Application. — Signed by applicant, and legalized by a Consul of the Orange 
Free State. 

2. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by the appHcant and legalized by a 
Consul of the Orange Free State. 

3. Drawings in duplicate. — Signed by the applicant and legalized by a Consul 
of the Orange Free State. 

4r. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and two witnesses, and legalized 
by a Consul of the Orange Free State, 

We can obtain the legalizations here, when desired, at a cost of $5.00 each. 

The applicant is required to advertise the fact that he has mad'e the application in a form 
prescribed by law, once in the Gouvex'nements Courant, once in another newspaper printed in 
Bloemf ontein and twice in a newspaper published in or circulating in the place where the appli- 
cant uses his invention and lives. Copies of the papers containing these advertisements must be 
produced before the patent will be granted. 

FORMS. 

APPLICATION. 



van beroep 

verklaar — hierbij dat bezit ben van eene uitvinding 

^oor , 

dat de serste en ware uitvinder daarvan ; dat die uitvinding, roor zoover 

en geloof , niet toegepast of gebruikt wordt door eeuen anderen persoon 

of andere personen : en verrock. . . .met verschuldigden serbied, dat voor 

gezegde uitvinding een octrooi worde verleend. 

den dag der maand 

, van het jaar onzes Heeren. 

{Signature.) 

PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. 



van beroep 

verklaar hierbij, dat wezen uitvinding 

van 

is" ais' vol'gt : ' "{The specificaiion is to he inser'tea here.) 

Verklaa rd op heden den 189 

{Si(jnatu7-e.) 



COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 



van beroep 

verklaar hierbij, dat wezen uitvinding 



PORTUGAL. PORTUGUESE GUIANA. QUEENSLAND. 103 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

O abaixo assignado morador , 

pela presente procura9ao poderes a morador em Lisboa para 

por em nome, obtenha do Governo Portuguez uma patente 

de Inven^ao por annos para 

Com este flm pode preencher todas as f ormalidades prescriptas pelas leis ; f azer e assignar todas 
as declara?6es e requerimentos, assignar e depositar todos os documentos exigidos, retirar, sendo 
precise os depositos passando recibos ; pagar as respectivas taxas e impostos e substabelecer todos 
oil parte dos presentes poderea, Esta procura9ao tera f or9a para pedir qualquer prorogayao de 
praso ou certificado de addicao a que esta patente possa dar logar. 

Feita em aos 



A Portuguese Colony and covered by its laws. 



^ue^wskml 



The Patents, Designs and Trade Marks Act of 1884: has been amended by an Act of 1886, bearing 
the same title. 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for 12 months $25 00 

* COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for 4 years 40 00 



Total Cost $65 00 

* COMPLETE, in first instance, taxes paid for 4 years 60 00 

f TAXES, before end of 4 years from date of patent 32 50 

8 " " " " 57 50 

Or, in lieu of the above the following Annual Taxes : 

Before end of 4th year from date of patent 12 50 



5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th 

nth 

12th 

13th 



12 50 
12 50 
12 50 
15 00 
15 00 
17 50 
17 50 
17 50 
17 50 



ASSIGNMENT, registering 15 00 



104 QUEEXSLAND. 

*The above charge does not cover the cost of possible oppositions, appeals, or rejections, in 
■vrhich cases there will be extra expenses based upon the amount of -n-ork involved ; such expenses 
are seldom incuiTed, and will be made the subject of special agreement as to amount, in each 
individual case. 

*-In case the patentee fails, from any cause, to make payment of any tax within the prescribed 
time, an extension of time, not to exceed three months at most, can be obtained for making the 
payment. The government fees in such cases are : for enlargement of time not exceeding one 
month. 10 shilling-s : two months. 15 shillings ; three months. £1. 0. 0, Our charge for obtaining such 
extensions, includinsr the govei-nment fees, are: for one month. $7.50: two mouths. SS.T5: three 
months, $10.00. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may he Patentee. — Tlie true and first inventor; the inventor and an assignee 

or assignees, tlie assignee or assignees of an inventor; the inventor and a capitalist. 
Patents^for communicated inventions can no longer be obtained. Joint inventors may ob- 
tain a joint patent. If a person having obtained provisional protection dies, the patent' may 
be granted to his legal representatives. And if a person possessed of an invention die's 
before filing his apphcation, a patent may be obtained by his legal representatives, pro- 
vided the application is filed -within six months of the decease of ^uch inventor. 

Patents. Kind and Term. — Provisional Protection is granted for twelve months 
from the date of the filing of the application. Patents of Invention are granted for 
fourteen years, dated from the date of the filing of the application, subject^to the pay- 
ment of the prescribed taxes. The term of a patent may, in exceptional cases, be 

extended for an additional term of from stven to fourteen years. 

"Tnpateutable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The application should be 
filed before 'any pablication or public use of the invention in Queensland. Prior publi- 
cation or patenting of the invention in another country will not prevent the obtaining of 
a perfectly valid patent, provided the invention is ne'w as to Queensland at the time^the 
application is filed. The exhibition of the invention at an international or industrial 
exhibition, or the publication of the invention while the exhibition continues, or the use 
of the invention for the purpose of such exhibition in the place where the exhibition is 
held, or the use of the invention during the exhibition by any person elsewhere without 
the consent of the inventor, will not prejudice the right of the inventor or his legal rep- 
resentatives to apply for and obtain a patent, provided due notice of the intention to 
exhibit is given to the Registrar before the opening of the exhibition, and that the appli- 
cation is filed within six months after such opening. 

Taxes. — Patents are granted subject to the payment of the following taxes; £5 
before the expiration of the fourth year of the Life of the patent, counting from the date 
of the filing of the specification, and' £10 before the expu'ation of the eighth year ; or in 
lieu of the above, taxes may be paid in annual installments, as follows : £1 before the 
expiration of each of the'fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh years ; £1. 10.0 before the 
expiration of each of the eighth and ninth years; and £2 before the expiration of each of 
the remaining four years, "if the patente'e, through inadvertence, accident or mistake, 
fails to pay any tax within the required tim.e, an enlargement of time, not, however, to 
exceed three rnonths, may be obtained for making the payment. See "Charges" for 
amount of fees in such cases. 

Assignments. — An assignment of a patent may be prepared upon any suitable 
material and of any size, and should be signed by the assignor and two witnesses. When 
forwarding same for registering the following must also be supplied, viz : (a) a request 
to enter name in register, and (b) an examined copy of the assignment. All other 
documents containingr giving effect to, or being evide'nce of, transmission of patent or 
effecting its proprietorship (except such documents as are matters of record), must be 
produced to the Registrar. When a document is a matter of record an official or certified 
copy must be supplied. The Registrar now refuses to register an assignment imless the 
patent assigned, or partly assigned, is produced at the same time, so that he may endorse 
thereon a certificate of the assignment registered. Inasmuch as it is essential that these 
docimients be in the exact form prescribed by the Registrar, and the requirements change 
from time to time, it will be weU to write for and obtain fresh forms whenever it Is 
desired to record an assisnment. 



PERU. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. PORTO RICO. PORTUGAL. 101 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant or applicants, all names in full, 
legalized by a Peruvian Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic 
(which see). 

We can obtain tlie legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $4.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



The same remarks apply as in the case of Porto Rico, which see. 



'mU li0. 



Art. 8 of the Spanish Law provides that all patents shall be considered as granted, 
not only for the Peninsula and adjacent islands, but also for the provinces beyond the 
sea, thus including Porto Rico ; but before the patent can be enforced, or any legal for- 
malities in connection with a patent, such as prosecution for infringement, transfer of 
rights, etc., take place in Porto Rico, the patent must be officially registered for the Colo- 
nies at the Colonial Office at Madrid. This may be done at any time during the life of 
the patent. Our charge for this registration is $10.00. 



The patent covers Portugal and all her colonies, which include the Azores, Cape Verde and 
Madeira Islands. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, Cost of, all taxes paid for one year $ 90 00 

" " " " five years 125 00 

ten " 175 00 

" fifteen " 225 00 

* PATENTS OF ADDITION, all taxes paid ". 40 00 

t PROLONGATION OF PATENTS {see note below) 70 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 35 00 

WORKING, exclusive of freight charges $50 00 to 75 00 

* The above charge includes the translation of the specification up to 3,000 words. Beyond this 
number, 50 cents must be added for each 100 words. 

+ Where a patent has been obtained for less than the -full term of fifteen years, the protection 
maybe continued during the whole of that term by taking one or vaore patents of prolongation 
which must be applied for before the expiry of the patent to be prolonged. $7.50 must be added 
to the above charge for each year of the term for which the patent is to be prolonged. 



103 PORTUGAL. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee.— Practically, any one. whether the inventor or not, or a 
firm or corporation, may apply for a patent ; but if the applicant is not the inventor, 
it would he well to obtain and keep the written consent of the latter, so that should any 
question be raised at a future time, the patentee could produce proof that he obtained 
the Portuguese patent in his own name with the consent of the inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for from one to fifteen 
years as elected by the applicant. In case of a patent granted for a less term than fifteen 
years, it may be prolonged to the maximum term, either in a single prolongation or by 
successive prolongations of one or more years each. Patents of Addition are granted 
for the unexpired term of ihe original patent and expire with it. In case a prior foreign 
patent exists, the Portuguese patent cannot be granted for a longer time than the unex- 
pired term of the foreign patent. The patent dates from the date of issue. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions or discoveries relating to unlawful industries or articles ; 
medicines ; articles of food ; simple changes in the form of an article already patented ; 
and ornaments. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — An invention can be patented, 
although it may already be patented or be in pu6lic use in another country, but the 
application should be made before the invention is known to the public, practically or 
theoretically, through any technical description divulged in home or foreign documents, 
or by any other means. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Transfers or sales of Portuguese Patents can, under Article 637, of 
the Civil Code, only be legally effected by a Notarial deed drawn up in Portugal, and 
endorsed by the Patent Office upon the original Letters Patent. The usual way is for 
the assignor to give power to an attorney residing in Portugal to sell, and the assignee to 
give power to another attorney to accept the sale. Both attorneys then go before a 
Lisbon Notary who inscribes the proper deed in his books, and gives two official copies 
thereof, one of which is delivered to the purchaser, and the other is filed at the Patent 
Office, the patent being handed in at the same time for endorsement. 

Our charge for the legalization of the powers here is $3.00 each. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within two years, counting from the 
date of the issue of the patent, and the working must not entirely cease thereafter for any 
two consecutive years. In the case of machinery or apparatus, it is considered sufficient 
to import one or more of the patented articles into Portugal, and there expose and adver- 
tise it or them for sale. Official proof of this working should be obtained. In case of a 
process, it should be carried into practice in Portugal and official proof thereof be ob- 
tained. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents required for Patents of Addition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On any material, tracing cloth preferred, and of any 
convenient size. No signatures required. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant and legalized by a Portuguese 
Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consu- 
lar and Agency fees. 



ORANGE FREE STATE. PARAGUAY. PERSIA, 



.van. 



en de wijze van uitvoering daarvan nauwkeurig- en in bijzondetlieden worden uiteengezet door de 
volgeende beschrijving : (Here insert tlu specification.) 

Verklaard op heden den 18. . . . 



POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
BIJZONDERE LASTGBVING. 



Ondergeteekende 

verkiaar. bij deze te magtigen. 



cm namens en ten behoeve. 



ten voorschreven einde in regten te verschijnen, aoowel eischende als verwerende in hooger 
beroep te komen, regterlijke magtigingen te vragen, Agenten en Procureurs te benoemen, be- 
noodigde Acten en stukken te doen maken, te beteekenen en te doen teekenen, en.'iihetalgemeen 
datgene te doen wat vereischt wordt ; alles met de magt van plaatsbekleeding, belof te van goed- 
keuring, schadeloosstelling, eene billijke belooning in verband als naar regten. 

Geteekend te op den 

dag van Achttien Honderd , 

Als Getuigen 

(Signature.).., 



fataguaji. 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. It should he noted that the proceed- 
ings to obtain such grants are slow and uncertain. 

The cost varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to procure grants at a 
charge of $400 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance in case the 
cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufRcient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili. The power of attorney should be legalized by a Paraguayan 
Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization, when desired, at a cost of $3.00. 



'mm. 



There is no patent law in this country and the only manner in which inventions can 
be protected is by way of a special grant, a costly and uncertain procedure and of doubt- 
ful value. 



100 




CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $300 00 

TAXES, payable annually, counting from the date of application. 

Each year 115 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 50 00 

WORKING, exclusive of cost of manufacture 75 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 3,000 words. S1.25 must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

"Wlio may l)e Patentee. — The true and first inventor. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for a term of ten years, 
counting from the date of the issue of the patent. Extensions can only be obtained by 
special legislative act. 

Unpatentaljle. — Pharmaceutical preparations, and remedies of every description ; 
financial schemes ; all operations to improve known industries the use of which is free 
both in and out of the Republic. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or PuMieatlon.— Article 14 of the law pro- 
vides as follows : "Any discovery, invention, or application, either in Peru or any for- 
eign country, that may exist, anterior to the date of application, and which shall have 
had sufficient publicity to have been put into use, will not be considered as new." It fol- 
lows, therefore, that the application should be filed before the publication, or the public 
use or knowledge of the invention in any country. 

Taxes. — A tax of $100 must be paid, yearly in advance, for each year of the life of 
the patent. No prolongation of the time for making the payment can be obtained. 

Assig'nments. — Should be prepared in duplicate in the Spanish language, and 
should be executed before a Notary Public, and be legalized by a Peruvian Consul. The 
consideration expressed should be nominal 

"We can obtain the legahzation here, when desired, at a cost of $4.00 for each document, which 
includes Consular and Agency fees. 

Working".— The invention must be worked in Peru within two years (the usual 
time), or within such other term as may be expressed in the patent, unless the cause of 
the delay can be legally justified. The working must be actual and commercial, the 
manufacture being carried on in the country. 

Sv^eial— IMPORTATION OF PATENTED ARTIGIES.— Article 15, Sections 
of the law, prohibits the importation of patented articles under pain of the forfeiture 
of the patent, with the exception of models of machinery, whose introduction shall be 
authorized after formal inspection by the Government. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any suitable paper. No signatures 
required. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing or tracing cloth, any suitable size. No 
signatures required. 



KUSSIA. 109 

CHARGES. 

* + PATENT of Invention for 3 years, all taxes paid | 90 00 

" "5 " " " 120 00 

10 " " " 300 00 

" of Importation for 1 " " "..... 70 00 

2 " " "..... 100 00 

3 " " " 135 00 

4 " " " ........ 170 00 

5 " " " , 210 00 

6 " " " 245 00 

* CAVEAT, all taxes paid 25 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 30 00 

WORKING from $40 00 to 50 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 3,000 words; 85 cents must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

tin case a patent is refused, the following- amounts will be returned : On applications for 
patentsof invention for three years, $30.00 ; five years, $60.00 ; ten years, $200.00. On applications 
for patents of improvement for one year, $20.00 ; two years, $40.00 ; three years, $75.00 ; four years» 
$100.00 ; five years, $140.00 ; six years, $175.00. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee.— Aay person, a firm or corporation. The patentee may be 
the actual inventor or his assignee. Joint inventors are entitled to a joint patent. The 
proprietor of an invention, though not the inventor, or formal assignee, may generally 
obtain a valid patent of invention. The mere importer of an invention may obtaio a 
valid patent of importation, but not a strictly valid patent of invention; yet patents thus 
obtained can be contested by the inventor only. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention are granted for either three, five 
or ten years, as elected by the applicant. A Patent of Importation is granted for one, two, 
three, four, five or six years, subject to the expiration of any prior foreign patent. A 
patent cannot be extended after its issue, but where an inventor has applied for a short 
term patent, and desires to enlarge its duration, the change in the term can usually be 
effected at any time within about six months after the filing of the application, by pay- 
ing the difference in the cost, and an agency fee of $5. 00 in addition. The term of a 
patent commences from the date of issue, but protection is afforded from the date the 
application is filed. A Caveat may be filed by an inventor who intends to make appli- 
cation for a patent, but in case a Caveat is filed the application must be lodged before 
the expiration of three months from the day upon which the Caveat was filed. 

UnpatentaMe.— (a) Fundamental or elementary principles, without their applica-^ 
tion or combination produce-s some new results in the arts, presenting a special and new 
apparatus, {b) Trifling or unimportant discoveries, inventions or improvements indica- 
tive only of inventive genius, without offering any real advantages or utility, (c) Dis- 
coveries, inventions or improvements that may become dangerous to society or detri- 
mental to the government revenues, (d) Medicines, although patents m ay be granted. 
for cosmetics if reported to be harmless by the medical board, (e) Discoveries, inven- 
tions, or improvements relating to munitions of war, as, for instance, guns, projectiles, 
and other materials required for artillery, armor plates, torpedoes, gunpowder maga- 
zines, revolving turrets, etc. , use of which can only be made by the government. 

Articles which, although used by armies, may also be used by private persons, such 
as hand fire-arms, metallic cartridges, bullets, and other appurtenances of such arms, are 
capable of being patented ; the grant still remaining subject to the rights of the Army 
and Navy Departments to use the inventions or improvements freely and without com- 
pensation. Although the government does not grant patents for improvements in muni- 
tions of war, the Army and Navy Departments are empowered to acquire, by purchase 
or gift, the benefit of any inventions relating to these improvements. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application should be 
made before the invention has been publicly worked in Russia. Prior patents, or publi- 



no RUSSIA. ST. HELEXA. 

cation of the invention in any other country will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly 
valid, patent, provided the application is filed before the public use and exercise of the 
invention within the Empire of Russia. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assig-nmeuts. — The documents should be prepared in duplicate, and may be in any 
form, and in the language of the country in which the assignment is made. After execu- 
tion, the assignment must be legalized by a Russian Consul, who must state that the 
transfer has been made according to the laws of the country in which it is executed. The 
assignment must be accompanied by a power of attorney, legalized by a Russian Consul, 
authorizing the execution of all legal formalities, in ord^er to legalizelhe deed in Russia. 
There is no prescribed form for this power. The consideration expressed should be 
nominal. 

TThen desii-ed, we can procure the legalization of these documents here at cost of S3.00 each, 
which Includes Consular and Agency fees . 

Working. — The patentee is obliged to put the invention into practice or execution 
within the Empire, during the first quarter of the term for wliich the patent is granted, 
and within six months thereafter to present to the Department of the Ministry, from 
which the patent was issued, a certificate from the local authorities to the effect that the 
invention has been put into practical use. In case of machinery or apparatus, it is con- 
sidered suflicient to import one or more of the same and put it or them into operatiou. 
In the case of a process, it should be carried into practice in Russia. One working is 
suflicient to keep the patent in force during its entire term. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. SpeciflcatioR iu duplicate.— These may be written or printed in any form and 
on any paper. It is not necessary that the applicant should sign the specifications. 

2. DraTrings in duplicate. — These may be made on sheets of drawing board or 
tracing cloth of any convenient size. Drawings of agricultural implements must be 
made to a scale, and the scale indicated on the drawings. The drawings are not to 
be signed. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant ; all names in full. No legaliza- 
tion is required, nor does'the signature need to be witnessed. The form is the same as 
for France (which see). 

XOTE.— When the application is made by an assignee, an assignment, legalized by a Russian 
Consul, should be provided. There is no special form prescribed : it will be sufficient to state in 
it that the inventor gives permission to the assignee to take out the Russian patent in his own 
(the assignee's) name. When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of §3.00, 
which includes Consular and Agency fees. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR CAVEAT. 

A caveat consists of a single document containing the name, address and occupation 
of the inventor, and an abridged specification of the invention, accompanied by draw- 
ings on tracing cloth, where the nature of the invention admits of them. The inventor 
should sign the document. Xo power of attorney is necessary. 

Note.— The apphcation for patent must bs filed before Pie expiration of three months from the 
day of lodging the caveat. 



^t. Helena^ 



CHARGES. 

LETTERS OF REGISTRATIOX, cost of, all taxes paid $100 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 25 00 



QUEENSLAND. 107 

APPLICATION BY ASSIGNEE AJLOnB- 

(A3.) 

"Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1884," 

(Patent.) 

Application for a Patent. 

(By the Assignee of the Inventor alone.) 

I, {Tiei-e insert name, aaaress and occupation of assignee,) hereby apply that a Patent may be 
granted to me, for an invention for (insert title of invention) and I do hereby solemnly and 
sincerely declare that I am the Assignee of the said Invention from (insert name, address and 
occupation of inventor) by virtue of a deed of assignment made by the said (insert name of inventor,) 

dated the day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety ; and I further 

solemnly and sincerely declare that I am in possession of the said invention and the said (insert 
name of inventor) Is the first and true inventor thereof; and that the same is not in use by any 
other person or persons in the Colony of Queensland to the best of my knowledge and belief, 
and I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and under and 
by virtue of Qiere recite Statute under wMcTi declaration is made). 

(Signature.) 

Declared at in this day of 189.... 

Before me (signature of person talcing declaration). 



STATEMENT OF ADDRESS AND APPOINTMENT OF AGENT. 

Queensland. 

Under the Patents, Designs, and Trade Mark Rules. 

(Patents.) 
Sir. 

I beg to Inform you that I do hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint. to apply for and 

obtain Letters Patent in the Colony of Queensland, in my favor, for my invention, entitled (insert 
title of invention), and for that purpose to sign my name, and as my act and deed to seal and deliver 
all documents (except the application) that my said Agent may think necessary or desirable, and I 
further empower my said Agent to alter and amend such documents, whether originally signed by 
me or otherwise, in any manner which may be necessary, and I authorize and request you to send 
all notices, requisitions, and communications in connection with my said application to him at his 
address as above given. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto ) 
affixed my signature this >• (Signature.) 

day of A.D. 189 ) 

Witness- 
To the Registrar of Patents, 

Patents Office, Brisbane, Queensland. 



ASSIGNMENT TO GO WITH APPLICATION WHEN APPLICANT IS THE ASSIGNEE. 

Assignment. 

This Deed made the day of 189 between (insert name, address, and 

occupation of assignor) (hereinafter called the assignor) of the one part, and (insert name, address 

and occupation of assignee) (hereinafter called the assignee) of the other part 

Whereas the said assignor is the inventor of an invention entitled (insert title of invention). ' "now 
this deed witnesseth that in consideration of the premises and of the sum of (insert consideration) 
sterUng in hand well and truly received by the said assignor from the said assignee at or before 
the signing and sealing of these presents, the receipt whereof the said assignor doth hereby 
acknowledge, he the said assignor doth hereby sell and assign, transfer and set over unto the 
said assignee, his executors, administrators, and assigns, all his right, title, and interest of and in 
the said invention so far as the Colony of Queensland is concerned, with fuU power to the said 
assignee to apply for and obtain Letters Patents therefor in his own name in Queensland afore 
said. In witness whereof the said assignor has hereto set his hand and seal the day and year first 
above written. '^ 

Signed, sealed, and delivered ) 
by the said V (Signature^ 

in the presence of ) 



108 QUEENSLAND. ROUMAXIA. RUSSIA. 

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 

(C.) 

"Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1884." 

(Patents.) 

Complete Specification. 

(To be furnished in duplicate.) 

(Title of Invention.) 

I, {name, aaaress, and occupation), do hereby declare that the nature of my 
invention for (title of invention), and the manner in which the same is to be used, are particularly 
described and ascertained in and by the following- statement :— 

(Insert Speciflcation.) 

Having now particularly described and explained the nature of my said invention, and in 
•what manner the same Is to be performed I declare that what I claim is i— 

(^Insert Claims.) 

1— 

9 

3— 

Dated this day of ) (Signature) , „ 

A.D.189 f 



PROVISIOXAL SPECIFICATIOX. 

(B.) 

" Patents, Designs, and Trade ]\rarks Act, 1SS4, " 

(Patents.) 

Provisional Specification. 

(To be furnished in Duplicate.) 

(Title of Invention.) 

I (name, address, and occupation) do hereby declare the nature of mv invention for (title of 
invention,) to be as follows -.—(insert specification.) 

Dated this day of 18 

lSignature.'\ 

X.B.— The pro^visional specification must be without claims, or it will be treated as a complete 
specification, and a fee of £8 will have to be paid, in addition to the fee of £2 payable on filing a 
pro\-isional specification. 



Poumania. 



There is as yet no patent law in this country, and while it is possible that special 
Legislative grants, having the same force as a patent, roay be obtained, we are not aware 
that any have been granted up to the present time. We are informed that the govern- 
ment has a projected patent law under consideration, and that some legislation upon the 
subject will be made soon. 



^usijiia. 



The patent covers the entire Russian Empire, including Russia, Poland, Siberia and 
the Caucasus. 



QUEENSLAND. 105 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

^^ecmh— COMPULSORY LICENSES.— If , on the petition of any person interested, 
it is proved to the Governor in Council that by reason of the default of a patentee to grant 
licenses on reasonable terms — (a) the patent is not being worked in the colony ; or (b) 
the reasonable requirements of the public with respect to the invention cannot be 
supplied ; or (c) any person is prevented from working or using to the best advantage 
an invention of which he ia possessed; the Governor in Council may order the patentee 
to grant licenses on such terms as may be deemed just, having regard to the nature of 
the invention and the circumstances of the case. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

Note.— The Queensland Patent Office is exceedingly strict in its practice, and much delay 
and trouble is caused by the slightest deviation from the prescribed forms. 

All documents must be written or printed in legible characters in the English language, upon 
strong, Avide-ruled paper (on one side only) of a size of thirteen inches in height by eight inches 
wide, leaving a margin of two inches on the left hand side. 

Erasures are not allowed under any circumstances, in any document. Corrections must &e 
effected hy ruling a red line through the incorrect xoord or words and writing the correction above in 
red inK. Each alteration must he initialed by the person signing the document. Failure in observ- 
ing any of these conditions insures the rejection of (he documents. 

1. Statement of Address. — Signed by Applicant or Applicants. 

2. Application with Declaration. — The declaration forming part of the appli- 
cation must be a statutory declaration. When not made by all the applicants, the 
applicant making the declaration may sign the application on behalf of all the appli- 
cants. When the application extends over more than one sheet, each and every one 
laust be signed by the applicant and by the person before whom the declaration is made. 

Statutory declarations may be under any Act which substitutes declarations in lieu of oaths, 
and which renders the person making a false declaration liable to punishment for perjury in the 
territory in which the declaration is made. The declaration may be made as follows : 

1 . In any place in the British Dominions, before any Court, Judge, or Justice of the Peace, or 
any person authorized to administer oaths there in any Court . 

2. ' In any place out of British Dominions, before a British Minister, or person exercising the 
functions of a British Minister, or a British Consul, Vice-Consul, or other person exercising the 
functions of a British Consul, or a Notary Public, or before a Judge or Magistrate. 

3. Provisional or Complete Specification in duplicate.— Both copies signed by 
applicant or applicants. 

Note.— Under the principal act of 1884 a complete specification is required to be left within 
nine months and to be accepted within twelve months from the date of the provisional specifica- 
tion. The Registrar has now power to grant extended time, not exceeding three months, on the 
payment of the prescribed fees, which are as follows :— For a period not exceeding one month $10 ; 
not exceeding two mouths, $13.50 ; not exceeding three months, $15.00. The complete specification 
must then be accepted within eighteen months, and the Letters Patent be sealed within twenty- 
one months from the date of application. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — Neither copy should be signed. They must be 
made on half sheets or sheets of Imperial drawing paper, or smooth, white bristol board, 
of a size of 13 inches high by 20 wide, or 13 inches high by 38 wide, with a single margin 
line all around half-inch from the edge. 

FORMS. 

APPLICATION BY THE INVENTOR ALONE. 

(A.) 
" Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1884." 
(Patents.) 
Application for a Patent. 

(By an Original Inventor, or two or more Inventors, where all the Applicants sign the 

Declaration.) 

I {here insert name, occupation and address of applicant), hereby apply that a Patent may be 
granted to me for an Invention for {insert title of invention). 



106 QUEENSLAKD, 

And I, the said {insert name of applicant,) do solemnly and sincerely declare that I am in pos- 
session of the said Invention, and that I am the true and first inventor thereof, and that the same 
is not in use within the colony of Queensland by any other person or persons, to the best of my 
knowledge and belief. And I make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing the same 
to be true, and under and by virtue of {here recite Statute unaer wTiich declaration is made). 

{Signature.) 

Declared at in this day of 18 

Before me {signature of person talcing declaration). 

Note.— If declared by more than one person, and at different times or places, insert after the 
«^ord "Declared" the words "by the above-named." A separate jurat for each declarant is 
required. 



APPLICATION BY AN INVENTOR AND ANOTHER PERSON. 

(Ai.) 

" Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1884." 

(Patents.) 

Application for a Patent. 

(When one of the Applicants is not the Original Inventor.) 

We {insert names, residences, and occupation of applicants) hereby apply that a Patent maj' 
be granted to us for an invention for {state title of invention). 

{If all the applicants do not join in the declaration, the one who onalces the declaration must sign 
here for himself and the other applicant or applicants.) 
(Witness. 

{Signatures.) 

And I {or we), the said {insei^t name of party or parties malcing the declaration), do solemnly 
and sincerely declare that we the said {insert name of one) and {insert name of othei- party) are in 
possession of the said Invention, and that I the said {insert name of declarant) am [or the said 
{insert name of inventor) is] the true and first inventor thereof, and the same is not in use 
within the colony of Queensland by any other person or persons to the best of my {or our) 
knowledge and belief. And I {or loe) make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing 
the same to be true, and under and by virtue of {here recite Statute under which declaration is 
made.) 

(^Signature.) 

Declared at in this day of 18 

Before me {signature of person talcing Declaration.) 

Note.— The Registrar of Patents explains that the above form is intended to meet cases under 
Section 5 of the Amended Act, in which an inventor, being a poor man, may apply to a rich one 
for pecuniary assistance, with the understanding that they should jointly share the patent, with- 
out the trouble and expense of having a deed of assignment drawn up. 



APPLICATION BY AN ASSIGNOR WITH THE INVENTOR. 

(A3.^ 

"Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1884." 

(Patents.) 

Apphcation for Patent. 

(By the Assignee of the Inventor, jointly with the Inventor.) 

We {insert names, addresses and occupations of applicants) hereby apply that a Patent may be 
granted to us for an Invention for {insert title of invention.) 

{Signature of assignee for himself and the inventor.) 
Witness— 

And I the said {insert name of assignee) do solemnly and sincerely declare that I am the assignee 
of an imdivided share in the said Invention from the said (insert name of inventor) by virtue of a 

deed of assignment made by the said {insert name of inventor), dated the 

, day of one thousand eight hundred 

and ninety And I further solemnly and sincerely declare that we the said {insert 

name of assignee) and {insert name of inventor) are in possession of the said Invention ; and that 
the said {insert name of inventor) is the true and first inventor thereof, and that the same is not in 
use by any other person or persons in the Colony of (Queensland to the best of my knowledge 
and belief. And I make this solemn declaration 'conscientious! v believing the same to be true 
and under and by virtue of {he^'e recite Statute under which declaration is made.) 

(Signature.) 

Declared at in this day of 189..., 

Before me {^signature ofpei^son malcing Declaration) 



ST. HELENA. ST. LUCIA (WEST INDIES). Ill 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may he Patentee. — The grantee of a British patent, his executors, administra- 
tors or assigns. The application may be made at any time during the existence of the 
British patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— The patent is granted for the unexpired residue of the 
term of the British patent upon which it based, including any extensions, and expires 
with it. 

Unpatentable. — Any invention the subject of Letters Patent in Great Britain may 
be patented in St. Helena. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— A patent may be obtained at 
any time during the life of a British patent for the same invention, without regard to prior 
patenting, or publication of the invention in other countries. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Should follow the usual British form. The documents should be in 
duplicate. 

Working. — There are no requirements, 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Certified copy of British patent and specification. 

2. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

3. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. 

4. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. 

The forms for the Petition, Declaration and Power of Attoi'ney are the same as for Hong- Kong- 
(which see), with the exception of the name of the Colony and the title of the Act, which for St. 
Helena is " Ordinance No. 3 of 1872." 



^t. §ntk [m^t im0,) 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $175 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be suflScient in most 
cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The Power of Attorney must be legalized 
by a British Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $2.50 when desired. 



112 ST. PIERRE. ST. YIXCEXT (WEST IXDIES). SAN DO:^^XGO. 

See France. 



^t ^'inccut '^Vc0t d(udicsi< 



There is as yet, no patent law in this country. The government will, however, 
grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention 
is likely to prove of practical utility m the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. \Ve will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $150 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in most 
cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Bahama Islands. The Power of Attorney should be legalized 
by a British Consul. 

We can obtain the legulization here when desired at a cost of §2.50. 



There is as yet no patent law. It is probable that the government would give pro- 
tection for inventions by way of special grants. As yet we have had no demand for 
such grants, and have not arranged as to prices, etc. We have a reliable agent in 
Samoa, however, and will undertake any business for these Islands that maybe pre- 
sented, obtaining and giving all desired information through correspondence. 



See Hawaii. 



^au Domingo, 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act. upon application to the 
Executive through the Corresponding Secretary of State, provided the invention is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. The Dominican Government is dis- 
posed to be liberal in its grants; the term of some of which has been fixed as high as fifty 
years. 



SAN DOMINGO. SAN SALVADOR. SERVIA. SIAJVI. 113 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will, however, undertake to pro- 
cure them at a charge of $400 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in most 
cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili. The Power of Attorney should be legalized by a Dominican 
Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here when desired at a cost of §5.00. 



^m ^i^lvmhx. 



There is as yet no patent law in this country. The government will, however, grant 
protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, provided the invention, is 
likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will however undertake to procure 
them at a charge of $300 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance 
in case the cost exceeds this sum. This amount will undoubtedly be sufficient in most 
cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for Chili, The Power of Attorney should be legalized by a Consul of 
San Salvador. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a coat of $3.00. 



See Italy. 



See France. 



Servia is a member of the International Union for the protection of industrial property, 
but up to the present time has passed no patent law. A proposed law was submitted to 
the legislature a few years ago, but it failed to pass. We are informed that the govern- 
ment is giving the matter renewed consideration and it is expected that a law will be 
passed in the near future. 



There is as yet no special law upon the subject of patents in this country, and we 
know of no way in which inventions can be protected there at the present time. 



114 SIERRA LEONE. SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC (TRANSVAAL). 



There is as yet no patent law in this British Colony. The government will, how- 
ever, undoubtedly grant protection for inventions by way of special Legislative Act, 
provided the invention is likely to prove of practical utility in the country. 

The cost of such grants varies considerably. We will undertake to procure them 
at a charge of $800 each, but we will have to ask for an additional remittance in case the 
cost exceeds this sum. This amount will be sufficient in most cases. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The same as for the Gold Coast Colony, which see. 



See Italy. 



^0utli ^ixxmx §t\nMk. [Mxm^Kul] 

CHARGES. 

* t PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for six months $100 00 

* COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for three years 110 00 

$310 00 

* f Or, COMPLETE PATENT in first instance, taxes paid for three 

years 200 00 

X TAXES, payable on or before the expiration of three years 35 00 

" " " " seven " 65 00 

ASSIGNMENTS -. 25 00 

*The above charge covers translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. $1.00 must be 
added for every 100 words in specification in excess of 2,000. The charge does not cover the cost of 
possible oppositions, or the cost of referees' fees, if the application is referred to experts, as the 
Attorney- General is empowered to do. Such additional expenses will seldom be incurred, and the 
charges will be made the subject of special agreement for each individual case. 

tThe application may be filed with either a provisional or complete specification. "Where pro- 
visional protection is obtained the complete specification must be filed, if at all, before the expira- 
tion of the term of such provisional protection. Provisional protection may sometimes be useful 
as a means to establish priority, but suits against infringers cannot be commenced until the 
complete patent is obtained. The filing of the application is required to be advertised, in 
prescribed form, once in the Government Gazette, and in one other paper printed in Pretoria, and 
twice in anewspaper printed in or near the place where the applicant uses his invention, or 
where he lives, and the applicant must produce the newspapers containing the advertisements 
when proceeding to obtain the patent. 

tif by any reason the patentee fails to pay a tax within the required time, a prolongation of 
the time, not exceeding three months, may be obtained for making the payment, upon payment 
of a fine of £5, Our charge for obtaining such extension, including the fine, is $40. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee.— The actual inventor. Corporations and firms have the 

same right, but the inventor must be one of the members, and as such be pointed out^ in 
the application. Joint inventors may obtain a joint patent. When an inventor, having 
obtained provisional protection dies before completing his application, his legal repre- 
sentatives may obtain the patent, provided they proceed to do so within three months 
after his decease. Whenever anyone in possession of an invention dies before having 
filed his application, his legal representatives may obtain the patent, provided they make 
their application within six months after the decease of the inventor. 



SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC (TRANSVAAL.) 115 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Protection may be obtained for a term of 
six months. Patents of Invention are granted for fourteen years, counting from the date 
of the filing of the application in the Office of the Attorney-Greneral, subject to the payment 
of the prescribed taxes. In case of a prior foreign patent, the patent will expire with the 
foreign patent if its term is the shorter, and if there be more than one prior foreign 
patent, it will lapse with the expiration of the first one of them. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions, he application of which is contrary to law, good 
morals or order, and inventions for which foreign patents have been granted that have 
already expired. 

Novelty, Eifcct of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application must be filed 
before any publication or public use of the invention in the South African Republic. 
Prior publication or patenting of the invention in any other country will not prevent the 
obtaining of a perfectly valid patent provided the invention is new in the South African 
Republic at the time the application is filed. The showing of an invention in an inter- 
national or industrial exhibition, or the working or making known of an invention at 
such an exhibition, or at some other locality by anyone not authorized to do so by the 
inventor, does not prejudice the rights of the inventor or his legal representatives to 
obtain a patent, provided that due notice of the intention to exhibit is given to the 
Attorney-General, and the application is filed within six months after the opening of the 
exhibition. 

Taxes. — A tax of £5 must be paid on or before the expiration of the third year of 
the life of the patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and £10 
before the expiration of the seventh year. If the patentee, through inadvertence, accident 
or mistake, fail to pay a fee within the prescribed time, an extension of time, not to exceed 
three months at most, can be obtained for making the payment, upon payment of a 
fine of £5. See" Charges" for our terms for obtaining an extension. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate, and be legalized by a Consul of 
the South African Republic. 

We can obtain the legahzation here, when desired, at a cost of $5.00 for each legalization. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

^lyeaial— COMPULSORY LICENSES. When it is proved to the satisfaction of 
the Government that in consequence of the refusal of a patentee to grant licenses on rea- 
sonable terms ; (a) that the patent-right is not being made use of in the State ; (b) that the 
ordinary demand for the patented article cannot be supplied ; (c) that anyone is pre- 
vented from making use of and deriving the full benefit of an invention in his possession; 
then, the Government may order the patentee to grant licenses upon such terms as may 
appear reasonable, and the conditions of the case may require. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Application. — Signed by the inventor, and legalized by a Consul of the South 
African Republic. 

2. Specification. — Signed by the inventor. 

3. Drawing's in duplicate.— Upon bristol board or tracing cloth. No signatures. 

4. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the inventor and two witnesses, and legalized 
by a Consul of the South African Republic. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of |5.00 for each legalization. 

_ 5. Before the patent is issued, but after the filing of the application, the appli- 
cation must be advertised, and copies of the papers containing such advertisement be 
supplied. (See note under charges.) 

FORMS. 

APP.LICATION. 

van beroep ! .........:!!!!!.............!.".!..!!.!,!! ° ! 



116 SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC (TRANSVAAL). SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 
verklaar hierbij dat bezlt ben van eene uitvinding- voor 



dat de eerste en ware uitvinder daarvan • (j^t die 

uitvinding, voor zoover engeloof , niet toegepast of gebriiikt wordt door 

eenen anei-en persoon of andere personen ; en verzoek met verschuldig-den 

eerbied, dat voor gezegde uitvinding- een octrooi worde verleend, 

V • -^^^ ^^ <^ag der maand 

van net jaar onzes Heeren. 

■ (Signature.) 



POWER OF ATTORNEY. 
Bijzondere Lastgeving. 



Ondergeteekende 

verkiaar bij deze te magtigen 

om namens en ten behoeve. 



ten voorschreven einde in regten te verscMjnen, zoowel eischende als verwerende, in hooger 
beroep te komen, regterlijke magtigingen te vragen, Agenten en Procureurs te benoemen, be- 
noodigde Acten en stukken te doen maken, te beteekenen en te doen teekenen, en in het algemeen 
datgene te doen wat vereischt wordt ; alles met de magt van plaatsbekleeding, belof te van goed- 
keuring, scbadeloosstelling, eene billijke belooning in verband als naar regten. 

Geteekend te op den 

dag van , Achttien Honderd , 

(Signature) 

Als Getuigen: 



^mt% %\\^txn\m. 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION for twelve months $32 50 

* COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for three years 47 50 

$70 00 

* Or, COMPLETE PATENT in first instance, taxes paid for three 

years 60 00 

f TAXES, before the expiration of the third year 22 50 

" seventh " 22 50 

t ASSIGNMENTS 15 00 

*The above charge does not include cost of a possible opposition, or referee's fees, if the appli^ 
cation is referred to an Examiner for report. Such additional charges are seldom incurred, and 
will be made the subject of a special agreement in each individual case. 

t The receipts for the taxes must be endorsed upon the patent, and this document should be 
forwarded when the order is given for the payment of a tax. If this is impracticable, however, 
the Office will receive the tax without the production of the patent, giving an interim receipt, 
and will endorse the patent when it is presented. 

t Assignments must be registered within six months of their date. Under the " Stamp Act, 
1886," assignments of patents must pay an acl valorem duty of 5 shillings ($1.25) per £100 ($500), or 
fractional part of £100, of consideration money. Our charge includes the duty for the first £100 
only. Where the consideration amounts to more than this sum, the proper duty must be added 
to our charge. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The true and first inventor, or his assignee, legatee, or 
executor. It is believed that the words, ' ' true and first inventor " include, as in the 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 117 

) 

other Colonies and Great Britain, the true and first importer, but the local authorities are 
in doubt upon this point. Patents may be obtained for communicated inventions as in 
England. Joint inventors may obtain a joint patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Protection is granted for a term of twelve 
months. Patents of Invention are granted for fourteen years, counting from the date of 
the filing of the application, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. An extension 
of the term for an additional term of seven years may be obtained in exceptional cases. 
In case of prior foreign patents, the patent will expire with the first expiring foreign 
patent. Caveats may be filed by intending applicants for patents and remain in force for 
one year. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions which have been patented abroad, when such patent has 
already expired before the patent is granted in South Australia. 

Noyelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The application must be filed 
before the invention has been publicly used or offered for sale in South Australia. Prior 
publication or patenting in other countries will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly 
valid patent so long as the invention is new as to South Australia at the time the applica- 
tion is filed. The mere fact of an inventor having exhibited or tested his invention 
either publicly or privately is not in itself any ground for refusing him a patent, and will 
not justify any other person in using the invention, provided that such exhibiting has 
been made within six months of the date of the application for patent. 

Taxes. — A tax of £2.10.0 is due before the expiration of the third year of the life of 
the patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and a further tax of 
£2. 10. before the expiration of the seventh year. No prolongation of the time for making 
payment can be obtained. 

Assignments. — These should be in duplicate, and both copies must be endorsed as 
follows: " Certified correct for the purposes of the South Australian Patent Act, 1877." 
This certificate must be signed by the principal party to the deed — say the assignee. If 
not so endorsed, an extra charge of $5 is incurred to pay a local solicitor or agent to give 
such a certificate. Assignments must be registered within six months after their date. 
Under the "Stamp Act, 1886," assignments of patents must pay an ad valorem duty of 
5 shillings per £100, or fractional part of £100, of consideration money. If the consid- 
eration is nominal, the duty is £1 ($5.00). It will, therefore, be best to state the consid- 
eration at from £5 to £100, as in such case the consideration will only amount to 5 shil- 
lings. 

Working. — The law provides that a patent may be revoked after three years from 
its date, if the patented invention has not been "used to a reasonable extent for the public 
benefit." As a matter of fact this provision has never been put into operation, and it is 
almost certain that the Law Officers would never allow any proceedings to be taken 
under this section without first calling upon the patentee, either to work the invention 
himself, or to allow it to be worked by others. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. This should be written on legal cap briefwise, 
and does not require to be witnessed. 

2. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. Should be written on legal cap brief wise, 
and may be made before any competent person, such as a Justice of the Peace, Notary 
Public, &c., but need not be" statutory. If the applicant be the assignee there must be 
two declarations and a short assignment as shown in the forms. (See note under 
" Declarations" in article on Queensland.) 

3. Specification in duplicate. — Should be written on legal cap briefwise, and 
must be signed by the inventor himself, or under Power of Attorney from him, and 
must be attested by two witnesses, who must specify where and when it was signed. 



118 SOUTH AUSTEALIA. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — May be on any material, and must be executed by 
the inventor (or his attorney) and attested by two witnesses, exactly the same as the 
specifications. 

5. Appointment of Agent or Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant. Should 
be written on legal cap brief wise. 

6. If the Applicant is the Assignee, a certified copy of the assignment or a 
short assignment as per form below. 

FORMS. 

PETITIOX. 

In the matter of " The Patent Act, 1877." 

To the Commissioner of Patents for the Province of South Australia : 

The Petition of (name of Petitioner in full), of (address and occupation of Petitioner). 
Showeth : 

1. That your Petitioner is the true and first inventor of a certain invention for (here insert 
the name or title of invention). 

2. That the said invention has not been pubhcly used or offered for sale -within the said Prov- 
ince prior to the date of this present Petition. 

3. That your Petitioner's address, to which notices in respect to this Petition may be sent, is at 
in the City of Adelaide. 



Your petitioner therefore humbly prays that Letters Patent for the sole making-, using-, 
exercising and vending of the said invention within the said Province, for the term of fourteen 
years, may be granted to your Petitioner, pursuant to " The Patent Act, 1877." And your Peti- 
tioner win ever pray, &c. 



Dated this day of 18 {Signature of Applicant.) . 



(XOTE.— If the Petitioner claims as assignee, legatee, executor, or administrator of the original 
inventor, alter the form by setting out the name of the inventor, that he was the true and first 
inventor, and by showing how the Petitioner derives right to apply for a patent.) 

DECLARATIONS". 

Declaration. 

I, (name of inventor in full), of (addj-ess and occupation of inventor), do hereby solemnly aad 
sincerely declare as follows :— 

1. I verily believe I am the true and first inventor of the invention mentioned in the Petition 
and Specification hereunto annexed, and marked respectively "4 " and "5." 

(If the inventor is also the applicant, add) 

2. The several allegations contained in the said Petition hereunto annexed, and marked "J. " 
are true. 

(Signature) 

Declared at the day of 18. . . . 

before me (signature and title of person talcing declaration). 

SECOND DECLARATION ((/ Petitioner is not the Inventoi-). 

Declaration. 

I (name of Petitoner in full), of (address and occupation of Petitioner), do hereby solemnly and 
sincerely declare as f oUows : — 

1. That I am the assignee of of 

who is, I verily believe, the true and first inventor of the invention mentioned in the Petition and 
Specification hereunto annexed, and marked respectively "^ " and "5.'' 

2. I verily believe that the several allegations contained in the Petition hereunto annexed 
and marked "'A '' (or above written) are true. 

(If the Inventor he dead, adO) 

3. I verUy beUeve that (name of inventor), formerly of (Ids last Tcnown address and addition) 
was the true and first inventor of the invention mentioned in the said Petition, 

Declared at. the day of 18. . . . 

Before me 

(Signature.) 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 119 

FORM OF SPECIFICATION. 

Specification of {John Brown, meclianic, of 89 Broadway, New YorTc City, in the State of New 
"^orJc, United States of America), for an invention of {'■'Improvements in Car Couplers.") 

{Here deso^ibe invention.) 

In -witness whereof, I, the said {John Brown) have hereto set my hand and seal. 

{John Brown.) [L. S.] 

Signed and sealed by the said {John Brown) at {New YorTc) on the. day 

of 18 , in our presence. 

{William Smith, New YorTc, Patent Solicitor.) 
{James CooTce, his clerTc.) 

ASSIGNMENT. 

Note.— When the petitioner is the assignee, a certified copy of the assignment must be 
sent or a short document somewhat as follows :— 

Assignment. 

In consideration of the sum of five pounds to me paid before the execution hereof, I do hereby 

assign unto of all my invention entitled 

so far as the Province of South Australia is concerned, with fuU power 

to apply for and obtain Letters Patent therefor in his own name in such colony. 

Dated this day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety 

Witness : (Signature.) 

APPOINTMENT OF AGENT. 

(Under Clause 3 of Act No. 301, of 1881.) 

I {A. 5.), of . ; do hereby retain, constitute, and appoint 

Agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, to apply for and obtain from 

the proper authorities Letters Patent in the Province of South Australia for my invention 

entitled and for this purpose for me and in my name to 

sign aU papers and writings relative to obtaining such Letters Patent, to alter and amend the 
same, and generally to do such acts regarding the same as may be necessary or expedient. 

Signed at this day of 18 

Witness : {Signature.) 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

Note.— A Power of Attorney is necessary whenever the agent is required to sign the Petition 
or a Declaration. The appointment of agent is sufficient to enable the agent to sign the specifica- 
tion and drawings. Inasmuch as the authorities hold that Powers of Attorney are liable to a duty 
of £1, under the " Stamp Act of 1880," the appointment of agent should always be used instead of a 
Power of Attorney when it is possible to do so. When a Power of Attorney is sent the amount of 
the duty payable thereon— $5.00, must be added to our usual charge. 

Power of Attorney. 

Know all men by these presents :— 

That I, {insert full name and occupation of applicant), of {insert full address of applicant)^ 

do hereby retain, constitute and appoint 

of Licensed Patent Agent, my true and lawful attorney, 

for me and in my name to sign, and as my act and deed to seal and deliver all necessary docu- 
ments relative to obtaining Letters Patent in the Province of South Australia, for an Invention 
entitled (insert title of invention,) and to alter and amend such documents, and at pleasure to 
appoint a substitute or substitutes under him for aU and any of the purposes aforesaid : I hereby 
ratifying and affirming, and engaging to ratify and confirm, all that my said attorney or his 
substitute shall lawfully do by virtue hereof. 

In witness whereof I, the said (insert full name of applicant) have hereunto set my hand and 
seal this day of 18 

Signed, sealed and delivered by the said ) 
(full name of applicant) in presence of >■ (Signature.) [L. S.] 

{Signatures of two witnesses. ) ) 



120 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. (PROVISIONAL PROTECTION.) 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Specification. — One copy. Signed by applicant and two witnesses. 

3. Appointment of Agent. — Signed by applicant. The form is the same as for 
Letters Patent. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 

(In the matter of the " Patents Amendment Act, ISST.") 
To the Commissioner of Patents for the Province of South Australia : 

The Petition of 
Showeth— 

1. That your Petitioner, . . .entitled to obtain a patent for a certain invention or an improve- 
ment in an invention for 

2. That your Petitioner's address, to which notices in respect of this Petition may be sent 
is at 

Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that a Certificate of Provisional Protection for the 
using' and publishing of the said invention within the said Province, for the term of twelve 
months, may be granted to your Petitioner pursuant to '•'•The Patents Amendment Act, 18ST." 

And your Petitioner will ever pray, &c. 
Dated this day of 18. . . . (Signature.) 

» PORM OF specification: 

Specification • 
of 
Thomas Brown, of No. 89 Cannon street, London, in England, for an invention of 
"Improvements in dynamo-electric machines.'" 

{Here deso'ibe invention, loithout reference to drawings, and omitting 
clai7ns.) 

In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Brown have hereto set my hand and seal. 

(Signature.) [L. S.] 

Signed and sealed by the said Thomas Brown, 
at London, in England, on the 
day 18 , la our presence. 

"William Smith, London, Patent Agent. 
James Robinson, his Clerk. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. (CAVEATS.) 

Only one document is required. It may be written on one side only of any suit- 
able paper. 

FORM OF CAVEAT. 

In the matter of " The Patent Act, 1877." 

Let no patent be granted until after the expiration of one year from the fiUng of this Caveat 
to any person for the invention described in the Schedule hereto, and claimed by me, the under- 
signed, as my own, without notice to me at the address hereunder written, to which any notice 
required to be sent to me under clause 47 of " The Patent Act, 1877," may be addressed. 

SCHEDULE. 

{Here describe the invention, referring to any drawings that mat/ acconipam/ the Caveat. No 
claims sTiouM be added.) 

Dated this day of 18 {Signature of Caveator.) 

Care of , 



SPAIN. 121 

The patent covers Spain and all her colonies, which include Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippine, 
Balearic and Canary Islands, but in order to obtain protection in the Colonies, it is necessary to 
have the patent registered for the Colonies in the Colonial Office at Madrid. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $35 00 

PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 25 00 

TAXES, payable annually, counting from the date of the issue of the 
patent. There is no grace. 



Second year $ 8 50 Twelfth 

Third " 10 50 Thirteenth 

Fourth " 12 50 Fourteenth 

Fifth " 14 50 Fifteenth 

Sixth " 16 50 Sixteenth 

Seventh " 18 50 Seventeenth 

Eighth " 20 50 Eighteenth 

Ninth " 23 50 Nineteenth 

Tenth •' 24 50 Twentieth 

Eleventh " 26 50 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 25 00 

WORKING, exclusive of cost of manufacture. 30 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words; 35 cents must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 



year 


$28 50 

30 .fiO 


" . . 32 50 


" 34 50 


" 36 50 

" 38 50 


" 40 50 

" 42 50 

" 44 50 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may "be Patentee. — Any person, whether the inventor or not, a firm or cor- 
poration. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — There are three kinds of Patents: Patents of Invention; 
Patents of Importation ; and Patents of Addition applied for by the inventor, before 
the invention has become publicly known in Spain or elsewhere, the term will be 
twenty years. If, at the time of the application in Spain, the invention— although not 
known in that country — has been already patented abroad, the inventor may obtain a 
patent for ten years, provided his application be made in Spain within two years of the 
date of the prior foreign patent ; should more than two years have elapsed, the term 
will be for five years only. If the applicant is the importer, the term is limited to five 
years. In all cases the duration of the patent is subject to the payment of the pre- 
scribed taxes and proper working of the invention. Patents of Addition are granted for 
the unexpired term of the original patent and expire with it. 

Unpatentable.— (1) The result or product of machines, apparatus, instruments, pro- 
cesses, or operations, the working of which will not tend to establish a new industry in 
the country. (2) The use of natural products. (3) Scientific principles or discoveries, 
so far as they are of a mere speculative nature, and are not likely to be applicable to 
machinery, apparatus, instruments, processes, or mechanical or chemical operations of a 
practical industrial nature. (4) Pharmaceutical or medical preparations of all sorts. 
(5) Schemes or combinations of credit or finance. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Pnblication.— The application should be filed 
before the invention has been established or executed in the same way or form within the 
Spanish Dominions, Prior pubKcation, or patenting of the invention in another country 
will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, but the term of the patent will 
be shortened thereby. (See remarks under heading " Patents, Kind and Term.") 

Taxes. — AH patents (except Patents of Addition) are granted subject to the payment 
of annual taxes, which must be paid yearly in advance, counting from the date of the 
issue of the patent. The taxes amount to 10 pesetas for the first year, 20 pesetas for the 



122 SPAIN. 

second year, 30 pesetas for the third year, and so on, increasing 10 pesetas each year. 
There is no grace for the payment of taxes, and no prolongation of the time for making 
payment can be obtained. There are no taxes upon a Patent of Addition after its issue. 

Assignments. — The law requires that all assignments must be made before a Notary 
Public ; the signatures must then be legalized by a Spanish Consul, and the instrument 
recorded in the Spanish Patent Office. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $2.50, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 

Working". — The invention must be worked in Spain within two years of the date of 
the issue of the patent, and the working must not entirely cease thereafter for the space 
of one year and a day at any one time. The patented article should be actually manu- 
factured in Spain or in a Spanish colony. The mere importation and running of a 
machtae is not sufficient. Inventions covered by Patents of Addition must be worked 
also. The owners of patents are required to prove the working before the Director of 
the Conservatory of Arts. 

In ordering the working of Spanish patents ample time (from three to six months) 
should be given us, prior to the date at which the time expires, so that we may have time 
to arrange with a manufacturer at Madrid or elsewhere, and that we may submit an es- 
timate of the entire cost, with particulars as to what the manufacturer will require to be 
furnished. 

Special.— COiOAT^-S. — The Spanish patent covers all the colonies; but before any 
legdl formahties in connection with a patent, such as prosecution for infringement, 
transfer of rights, etc., can take i)lace in the colonies, the patent must be officially 
registered at the Colonial Department in Madrid. This can be done at any time during 
the life of the patent. The charge for this registration, including all fees, is $10.00. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures required. 

2. Drawing's in duplicate. — On tracing cloth, any convenient size. No signatures 
required. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant or applicants; all names in full. 
No witnesses nor legalization necessary. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

Poder. 

< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • I ••■••••• I •( 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 iQue suscribe. ..••■•■ n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 ■ i n m nt i > > 

domiciliado en 



constituye por el presente documento su apoderado general, con f acultad de substituir. 

a 

al cual da — poder 

general, sin limitacionalguna, para que a su. ..nombre. ..y en su i-epresentacion, haga toda clasede 
dUigencias y fii-me cuantas solicitudes y documentos scan necesarios presentar en Espafia a S. M. el 
Rey, 6 a sus Ministros, Autoridades y Funcionarios de todas clases SOLICITANDO 



Ensu \-irtud poderdante reconoce desde hoy, como si personalmente lo hiciese 

cuanto haga en su nombre — su ref erido apoderado en la gestion del asunto para que esta 

autorizadopor este documento y cuanto mas sea necesario hacer en cualquier tiempo en bien y 
en def ensa de sus intereses. 



Firmado en a 

de de (Signature.) 



STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 128 

The patent covers Malacca, Penang-, Singapore, and the Province Wellesley. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid $125 00 

EXTENSION OF PATENT. The charge is variable, usually 

about 100 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 30 00 

*In case the application is referred to experts to report on the novelty and utility of the 
invention, their fees, ranging from $50 to $100, are an additional charge. This expense is seldom 
incurred where a prior British patent has been obtained. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee. — The actual inventor, his heirs, executors, administrators 
and assigns; the first importer, or the holder of a British patent, or patent granted in any 
British Possession. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention (or Importation), granted for the 
term of fourteen years from the date of the filing of the specification. Provision is made 
for the extension of the term of a patent for such further term, not to exceed fourteen, 
years, as the Governor in Council may see fit to direct. In case a prior patent for the 
same invention has been obtained in Great Britain, or in any British Possession, the 
patent will be granted for the unexpired term of such prior patent, and v^ill expire 
therewith. 

Unpatentable. — Section 4, of the law provides that no person shall be entitled to 
any exclusive privilege under the ordinance; if the invention is of no utility, or, if the 
invention, at the time of presenting the petition for leave to file the specification, was not 
a new invention within the meaning of the ordinance; or, if the petitioner is not the in- 
ventor thereof; or, if the specification filed, or the amended specification (if any), does 
not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the invention, and in what manner 
the same is to be carried out, with the particulars required by section 11 of this ordinance; 
or, if the original or any subsequent petition relating to the invention, or the original or 
any amended specification, contain a willful or fraudulent misstatement. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— The application must be filed 
before the invention has been publicly used in Great Britain, in the Colony, or in any 
other British Possession. Public use of the invention in fraud of the inventor, or if the 
knowledge thereof shall have been obtained surreptitiously, or in fraud of the inventor, 
or shall have been communicated to the public in fraud of the inventor, or in breach of 
confidence, will not be deemed a public use of the invention within the meaning of the 
ordinance, provided that the inventor shall, within six months after the commencement 
of such public use, apply for leave to file his specification, and shall not previously have 
acquiesced in such public use. It is also provided that the use of an invention in public 
by the inventor thereof, or by his servants or agents, or by any other person by his 
license in writing, shall not be deemed a public use thereof, within the meaning of the 
ordinance. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — Should be prepared in duplicate. Any suitable form may be used. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 



124 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition.— Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration to Accompany Petition.— Signed by applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate.— Signed by applicant. 

4. Declaration to Accompany Speciilcation.— Signed by applicant. 

5. Drawing's in duplicate.— On drawing board or tracing cloth, any suitable size. 

No signatures. 

6. Power of Attorney.— Signed by applicant, 

7. Blue Book of British Patent, if any exist. 

FORMS. 

PETITION. 

To His Excellency tne Governor of the Colony of the Straits Settlements in Council :— 

The Petition of {here insert name, occupation ana place of residence), for leave to ffle a specifi- 
cation under the Inventions Ordinance, 1871. 
Showeth : 

That your petitioner is in possession of an invention for {state the title of the invention), 
which invention he believes will be of public utility ; that he is the inventor or owner of the said 
invention (or, as the case may &e, the assignee, or tlie executor, or administrator, or heir of the 
■inventor, or owner of the said invention) ; and that the same is not publicly known or used in the 
Colony, to the best of his knowledge and belief {or, as the case may be, thafhe is tJie first importer 
into the Colony of the said invention, and that th£ same is not publicly Tcnown or used in tM Colony). 

N. B.—Jf Letters Patent have been obtained for the invention in England, or in any British Posses- 
sion, here state the fact, the date thereof, and the term during which the same are to continue in 
force. 

The following is a description of the invention {here describe it). 

Your petitioner therefore prays for leave to file a specification of the said invention, pursuant 
to the provisions of the Inventions Ordinance, 1871, and your petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

The day of 18. . . . 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION TO ACCOMPANY PETITION. 

I, {here insert name, occupation and place of residence) do solemnly and sincerely declare that I 
am in possession of an invention for {state the title of the invention as in the petition) ; that I believe 
the said invention will be of public utility ; that I am the inventor {or owner) of the said inven- 
tion {or, as the case may be, the assignee, or executor, or administrator, or heir of the inventor or 
owner of the said invention, or, that I am the first importer of the said invention into this Colony), 
and that the same is not publicly known or used in the colony, to the best of my knowledge and 
belief ; and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, my said invention is trvdy described in 
my petition for leave to file a specification thereof. 

The day of 18. . . . 

{Signature of Applicant.) 

SPECIFICATION. 

To all whom it may concern : Be it known that I {here insert name, occupation aiid place of 
residence), am in possession of an invention for {title of invention) ; and I, the said {hei'e insert the 
name), do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be 
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, 
that is to say : 

The invention has for its object {here describe invention fully with reference to the drawings, if 
any). 

(Witness.) {Signature of Applicant.) 

DECLARATION TO ACCOMPANY SPECIFICATION. 

I, {here insert name, occupation and place of residence), do solemnly and sincerely declare that 
I am in possession of an invention for {state the title of the invention), which invention I beheve will 
be of public utihty ; that I am the inventor or owner of the said invention {or, as the case may be, 
the assignee or executor, or administrator, or heir of the inventor or owner of the said invention, or 
that lam tJie first importer of the said invention into this colony), and that the same is not pubUcly 
known or used in this colony, to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that, to the best of 
my belief, the instrument in writing, under my hand, hereunto annexed, particularly describes 
and ascertains the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be carried out. 

The day of 18. . . . 

{Signature of Applicant.) 



STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. SWEDEN. 125 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

In the matter of the Inventions Ordinance, 1871, of the Grovernment of the 
Straits Settlements, and in the matter of {name, occupation and address)^ 
an Inventor. 

I, the above-named (here insert name), do hereby retain, constitute and appoint « 

as my agent and attorney, to apply for and obtain from the Government of the 

Straits Settlements an exclusive privilege for (state tJie title of the invention as per petition), and I 
authorize him to sign my name to such papers and writings, and do such acts regarding the same, 
including the appointment of a substitute or substitutes, as may be necessary or expedient. 

Dated this day of 18. . . . 

{Signature of Applicant.) [l. 8.] 
Signed, sealed and delivered at ' 



in the presence of , 



mAm. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $45 00 

* PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 45 00 

TAXES, payable annually^ counting from the date of application, 

with three months' grace ; hut in such case, with the addition of 
one-fifth of the tax then payable. No taxes on patents of addition. 

Second, third, fourth and fifth years : each, 10 00 

Sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth years " 18 00 

Eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth ** 25 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 12 50 

WORKING (exclusive of freight charges) 30 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 3,000 words. Beyond that 
number, 50 cents must be added for each 100 words. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee. — An actual inventor or his duly accredited representative. 
When several persons apply for a patent on the same invention, the preference will be 
given to the person whose application was filed the earliest. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for fifteen years, subject 
to the payment of the prescribed taxes, and proper working of the invention. Patents of 
Addition granted for the unexpired term of the original patent upon which it is based, 
and expiring therewith. 

Unpatentable.. — Inventions, the working of which would be contrary to law or 
morals. With regard to inventions relating to provisions or medicines, patents will not 
be granted for the commodity itself, but only for special methods for its manufacture. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — An invention is not considered 
as new, if it has, prior to filing the application for a patent with the patent authorities, 
been described in any published journal, or is so openly worked that any person con- 
versant with the subject may, guided by the information thus gained, work the invention, 
or if the object of the invention does not essentially differ from products or methods of 
manufacture which have before become known in such a way. The publication of the 
invention by foreign patent authorities, or the exhibition of the invention in an inter- 
national exhibition will not prevent the grant of the patent, provided the application i3 



126 SWEDEN. 

filed within six months from the day of such publication, or the day the exhibition was 
opened. In case an application for patent has been previously filed in a foreign country, 
the application for the Swedish patent may be made within seven months from the day 
such foreign application was filed, even if the invention has received publication in the 
intervening time. 

Taxes.— All patents, (except Patents of Addition), are granted subject to the pay- 
ment of annual taxes, payable yearly in advance counting from the date of the filing of 
the application. Three months' grace is allowed within which the payment may be made, 
but in such case a fine amounting to one-fifth of the tax then due must be paid in addition 
to such tax. The taxes are as follows : — 25 crowns each for the second, third, fourth and 
fifth years ; 50 crowns for each of the following five years ; and 75 crowns for each of the 
remaining five years. There are no taxes upon Patents of Addition after their issue. 

Assignments.— To record an assignment we require : (1) a deed of assignment 
signed by the assignor, and legalized by a Swedish Consul ; (2) an acceptance of the 
assignment, signed by the assignee. Both of the above may be prepared in one docu- 
ment, which should be made and executed in duplicate. 

When desired, we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00 for each legalization, 
which includes Consular and Agency fees. 

Working. — The invention should be worked within three years from the date of the 
grant of the patent, and the working should not be discontinued thereafter for as long as 
a year at a time. The time for working may sometimes be extended to four years, and, 
in exceptional cases, it rests with the patent authorities to prescribe conditions, by com- 
plying with which the patentee is considered to have fulfilled the conditions of working. 
It is considered sufficient to import one or more of the patented articles into Sweden, in 
case of machinery or apparatus, and to expose and advertise the same for sale. In case 
of a process, it should be carried into practice in Sweden. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

The documents for Patents of Addition are precisely the same. 

1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures necessary. 
Measures and weights should be given according to the metrical system; the degrees 
of heat, according to the Celsius' (Centigrade) thermometer; the density should be indi- 
cated as specific weight, and in the case of chemical processes the new atomic weights 
and the molecular formulas are to be used. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — One copy is to be made on smooth, white, thick 
drawing board, and the other copy on tracing cloth. Any number of sheets may be 
used. The sheets must measure exactly 33 centimetres (13 inches) in height, by 31, 43 or 
€3 centmetres ( 8}^ 163^or 243^ inches) wide. A single marginal line must be drawn ex- 
actly two centimetres (^ inch) from the edge of the sheet. No signatures are necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant; all names in full. No witnesses 
nor legalization required. 

Note.— If the applicant is not the inventor, an assignment or similar instrument must be for- 
warded, showing that the apphcant is authorized to make the application in his own name. This 
document must be legalized by a Swedish Consul. When desired, we can obtain the legalization 
here at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular and Agency fees. 

FORM. 

POWER OF ATTORNE'T. 
PuUmakt. 



for 

eUer den han i sitt staUe f orordnar, att for 

sOka och uttaga patent i Konungariket Sverige pa , 

af uppfunn. 



samt att urder hela patenttiden i allt, hvad paten tfragan angar, a 

vaguar tala och svara ; forklaranda nojd 

med hvad ombudet dervid lagligen gor och later. 

den , 18, . . . 

{Signature.) 



SWITZERLAND. 127 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PATENT, for two years, all taxes paid for one 

year |27 50 

t CHANGING PROVISIONAL to DEFINITIVE PATENT 12 50 

$40 00 
t DEFINITIVE PATENT in first instance 35 00 

* PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 27 50 

TAXES, payable annually in advance, counting from the date of the 
filing of the application, loith three months' grace without fine. 



Second Year $ 9 50 

Third " 11 50 

Fourth '^ 13 50 

Fifth " 15 50 

Sixth " 17 50 

Seventh " 19 50 

Eighth " 21 50 



Ninth Year 23 50 

Tenth " 25 50 

Eleventh " 27 50 

Twelfth " 29 50 

Thirteenth " 31 50 

Fourteenth " 33 50 

Fifteenth " 35 50 



APPEALS from Federal Bureau to Federal Department 20 00 

" " Federal Department to Federal Council 50 00 

X AMENDMENT of specification and drawings, if required, from 
$2.00 up. 

ASSIGNMENTS 10 00 

WORKING, Nominal 25 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words, 35 cents must 
be added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 3,000. 

t A definitive patent will be granted, and a provisional patent changed into a definitive pat- 
ent, only when the existence of the machine itself, or of a model thereof, is proven to the satis- 
faction of the Federal Bureau^ See remarks under heading of " Special." 

% Amendment of the specification and drawings are sometimes required by the Federal Bureau. 
Our charge for such work will be based upon the actual amount of work involved in making the 
changes demanded by the Bureau. 



LAW AND PRACTICE= 



Who may T)e Patentee.— Only the true inventor or his lawful successors are 
entitled to claim a patent. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Patents are granted for a term of two years 
from the date of the filing of the application. They secure priority, but no protection 
against infringements, which can only be obtained by_ a Definitive Patent. It is not 
necessary to prove the existence of the object for which the patent is asked, or of a 
model of the same, to secure a Provisional Patent. Definitive Patents are only granted 
when it is proven that the object itself, for which the patent is demanded, or a model 
thereof, is in existence, and is granted for a term of fifteen years, subject to the payment 
of the prescribed taxes and the proper working of the invention. Patents are dated as of 
the day and hour upon which the complete papers are filed in the Federal Bureau, or 
posted in a post office in Switzerland. If the papers sent are incomplete or require 
amendment, the patent bears the date of the day upon which the corrected papers 
are filed. Patents of Addition are granted for the unexpired term of the original patent 
upon which they are based, and expire therewith. They are only granted when the ex- 
istence of the object for which the patent is asked, or of a model of the same, is proven. 

Unpatental[)le. — Patents are granted for such inventions only, as "may be realized 
in trade," and if they can be represented in models ; methods and processes cannot be 
patented. Only one invention can be claimed in a single application ; a machine and its 
product cannot be covered by the same patent. 



128 SWITZERLAXD. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or PTiT)licatiou.— To obtain a valid patent the 
invention must be new as to Switzerland at the time the application therefor is filed. An 
invention is not considered as new, if at the time the application is filed, it is so well 
known in Switzerland that its employment is possible by any one skilled in the trade to 
which it relates. Switzerland is a member of the International Union for the protection of 
industrial property, and citizens or subjects of other countries which belong to the Union 
may file their applications in Switzerland at anytime within seven months from the dates 
upon which they filed their applications in their own country, without the validity of their 
patents being endangered by the publication of the invention or the applications of third 
parties. Provision is also made for the protection of inventions exhibited in national or 
international exhibitions in Switzerland, the inventor being allowed to file his application 
at any time within six months from the day of admission of the articles to the exhibition. 

Taxes. — All Patents (except Patents of Addition) are granted subject to the payment 
of annual taxes, payable in advance, counting from the date of the filing of the applica- 
tion. Three months' grace is allowed for making payment, and without fine. Xo 
further prolongation of time can be obtained. The tax amounts to 20 francs for the 
first year, 30 francs for the second, and so on increasing 10 francs, each year, Xo taxes 
are payable on Patents of Addition after their issue. 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate and must be legalized by a 
Swiss Consul. 

TTe can obtain the leg-alization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each legahzation. 

Working. — Art. 9 of the law provides that a patent expires when the invention has 
not been carried into effect before the expiration of the third year from the date of the 
application. Inasmuch as there have been no decisions upon this point up to the 
present time, it is impossible to state what the exact requirements as to working will be. 
It is thought however that the practice will be the same as in Germany ; we would advise 
that an actual and thorough working be made in each case. "We quote a price for nomi- 
nal workings in anticipation of a demand for them, but it must be understood that we 
disclaim all responsibility as to their sufficiency. 

Special. — MODELS. — The permanent deposit of models is obligatory : 
a. For inventions concerning the movements or the cases of watches; 
h. For inventions in the line of portable fire-arms; 

c. For inventions in which the object invented is composed in whole or in part of 
substances or combinations of substances which it is difficult to determine. 

PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF MACHINE OR MODEL.— The law 
requires that an invention to be patentable, must be capable of being illustrated 
in a model, and a Definitive Patent will not be granted, nor will a Provisional 
Patent be changed into a Definitive Patent, until the existence of the article itself, 
or of a model representing the same be proven to the satisfaction of the Federal 
Bureau. If it is impracticable, or too expensive, to send the article itself, or 
to construct a model thereof, it will be sufficient to send photographs of the article, 
but it is necessary that such photographs shall show clearly, and give plain proof 
of the existence of each and every part of the invention described and claimed. 
Exterior views of casings, such as boiler-shells, retorts, filters, etc. , which enclose parts 
which are the subject of claims, are not sufficient. Such parts must be photographed, 
separately if necessary. When photogTaphs are relied upon to show the existence of a 
model, it is exceedingly important to'see to it that they clearly prove the existence of 
every part of the invention, as if these proofs are submitted to the Federal Bureau at or 
near the expiration of the term of the Provisional Patent, and are rejected as insufficient, 
the patent may become forfeited by reason thereof. Photographs must either be sent un- 
mounted, or mounted upon thin cardboard measuring 21 "centimetres (83^inches) wide, 
and 33 centimetres (13 inches) in height, or they must be capable of being folded into 
this size. The working of an invention in Switzerland is considered equivalent to the 
production of a model, 

MARKING PATENTED ARTICLES.— Eyery proprietor of a Definitive Patent 
must mark all articles made according to the same, which are to be exposed or sold in 
Switzerland, in a conspicuous place with the Federal Cross (4*) and the number of the 
patent. If this mark cannot be affixed upon the article itself, it must be represented 
upon the wrappers containing such articles. 



SWITZERLAND. TAHITI. TASMANIA. 129 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. One Copy of the Speciflcation. — Written or printed on any paper of any size 
No signatures required. 

2. Drawing's in duplicate. — One copy to be on smooth, white, bristol board and 
the other on tracing cloth. The sheets miist measure exactly 33 centimetres (18 inches) 
in height, by either 21, 42 or 63 centimetres (8}4, 163^ or 24^ inches) wide, with a single 
marginal line all around, one-half an inch from the edge of the sheet. No signatures 
necessary. It should be noted that the Swiss oifice is exceedingly particular in the mat- 
ter of drawings, and unless the following requirements are followed in every particular, 
it is almost certain that the drawings will be rejected. (1) All reference letters and num- 
bers must be made plainly and not less than i^ inch in size. (2) There must be no 
writing upon the drawings except the reference letters and numbers. (3) The ink used 
must be deep black, and the lines clean and sharp. (4) The largest sized sheet must 
never be used except in cases where the whole of a view cannot be put upon a sheet of a 
smaller size. (5) A second sheet must not be used until the whole of the space upon the 
first sheet which can be used for drawing purposes is entirely used. (6) Where one sheet 
of the smallest size is sufficient, the drawing should be made upon the largest possible 
scale. (7) In other cases great care must be exercised in deciding upon the size of the 
sheet to be employed. The Patent Office demands that all the working space of one sheet 
be used before another sheet is taken, and that as few sheets be used as is practicable for 
the full illustration of the invention. Therefore the following rule should be followed: 
If the drawing space required is equal to that of two sheets of the smallest size, use one 
sheet of the middle size for the drawing. If the space required is equal to three small 
sheets, use one sheet of the middle size and one small sheet. If equal to four small 
sheets, use two sheets of the middle size. If equal to five small sheets, use two sheets of 
the middle size and one small sheet, and so on. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant, all names in full. No witnesses 
or legalization necessary. Either the usual French or the usual German form is suffi- 
cient. 

If the applicant is the assignee, an assignment must be forwarded, which must be legalized 
by a Swiss Consiil, and give the applicant the right to apply for the patent in his own name. 

If the application is for a Definitive Patent, the apphcation must be accompanied by a sam.ple 
or model of the article to be patented, or by proof of the existence of such article or model. 



See France. 



^^^m^m^ 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, for six months $30 GO 

* COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for three years 70 00 

Total cost $100 00 

* Or, COMPLETE PATENT in first instance, taxes paid for three 

years 90 00 

■\ TAXES, on or before the expiration of the third year. 85 00 

" " seventh" 110 00 

:j: ASSIGNMENTS. 15 00 



130 TASMANIA. 

* This charge does not cover the cost of possible opposition or referee's fees, but such extra 
expenses are almost never incurred ; should they be, however, they will be made the basis of a 
special agreement as to amount. 

+ The receipts for taxes must be endorsed upon the patent, which should always be forwarded 
■when giving the order for payment. In case it is impracticable to do so, the OflBce will receive 
the tax without the production of the document, giving an interim receipt, and endorse the patent 
when presented. 

$ If the consideration expressed exceeds £100 ($500), there is an ad valorem duty of five shillings 
for every additional £50, or any fractional part thereof. Our charge includes the duty upon a 
consideration of £100 only, and when the amount is in excess of this sum, the additional duty must 
be added to our charge. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee. — The true and first inventor, which is interpreted to include 
the true and first importer, as in Great Britain. Patents are granted for communicated 
inventions as in England. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Provisional' protection is granted for a term of six 
months. Patents of Invention are granted for a term of fourteen years counting from 
the date of the filing of the application. The term may be extended in exceptional cases 
for a further period not exceeding fourteen years. In case of prior foreign patents, the 
patent will expire with the first expiring foreign patent. 

Unpatentable. — The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application must be filed 
before the invention has been published or publicly used in Tasmania. Prior publication 
or prior patenting of the invention in another country will not prevent the obtaining of a 
perfectly valid patent provided the invention is new as to Tasmania at the time the 
application is filed. 

Taxes. — A tax of £15 must be paid before the expiration of the third year of the 
life of the patent, counting from the date upon which the application was filed, and a 
further i ax of £20 before the expiration of the seventh year. No prolongation of the 
time for making payment can be obtainetl. Ttie payment of these taxes must be endorsed 
upon the patent, which should be forwarded when ordering the payment. 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate unless the assignee is content 
to allow the original document to remain in the Registrar's office. If the purchase 
money exceeds £100, there is an ad valorem duty of 5 shillings for every additional £50 
or fractional part thereof. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 



1. Power of Attorney. — On any suitable paper. Signed by applicant. 

2. Petition. — Signed by applicant. This may be written on any paper, and does 
not require to be witnessed. 

3. Declaration. — Signed by applicant. This may be written on any paper, but 
mvst be made under some statute in force in the country or State where the declaration is 
made. It may be made before any person competent to take it. (See note under 
"Declarations " in article on Queensland.) 

4. Specification in duplicate. — One copy must be on parchment and the other 
on paper. They must be written bookwise on both sides of the sheets, which must 
measure exactly 20 inches long and 15 inches wide, inclusive of a margin aU around of 



TASMANIA. 131 

not less than one inch and a half. The parchment document must be signed and sealed 
by the applicant. The paper document must not be signed. No witnesses required. 

5. Drawings in duplicate. — One copy must be on drawing paper (not tracing 
paper) and the other on parchment (not vegetable parchment). The sheets should 
measure 20 inches long by 15 inches wide, including a margin all round of not less than 
one and one-half inches. 

FORMS. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY. 

Know all men by these presents :— * 

That I, {Edward Henry Johns, mechanic, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States 

of America) do hereby retain, constitute and appoint of 

Licensed Patent Agent, my true and lawful attorney, for me and in my name to sign, and as my 
act and deed to seal and deliver all necessary documents relating to obtaining Letters Patent in 
the Colony of Tasmania for an invention entitled (Improvement in Plows), and to alter and amend 
such documents, and at pleasure, to appoint a substitute or substitutes under him for any and all 
of the purposes aforesaid : I hereby ratifying and affirming, and engaging to ratify and confirm, 
all that my said attorney or his substitutes shall lawfully do by virtue hereof. 

La witness whereof, I, the said {Edward Henry Johns), have hereunto set my hand and seal 
this day of 18.... 

Signed, sealed and delivered by the saidi 
{Edward Henry Johns) in presence of ) {Signature.) [L. S] 

{John Doe.) 
{Richard Roe.) 

PETITION. 

To His Excellency the Governor of the Colony of Tasmania : 

The humble Petition of (Edward Henry Johns, mechanic, of Boston, in the State of Massa- 
chusetts, United States of America), for, &c., Showeth : 

That your Petitioner is in possession of an invention for (Improvement in Plows), which inven- 
tion he believes will be of great public utility ; that he is the true and first inventor thereof ; and 
that the same has not been before made or used in the Colony of Tasmania by any other person 
or persons, to the best of his knowledge and belief. 

Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that Your Excellency will be pleased to grant unto 
him, his executors, administrators, and assigns, Letters Patent for the term of fourteen years, 
pursuant to the provisions of " 2'fte Patent Law Act,'''' 

{Signature.) 

And your Petitioner will ever pray, &c. 

DECLARATION. 

I, {Edward Hmvy Johns, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America), 
do hereby solemnly and sincerely declare, that I am in possession of an invention for (Improvement 
in Plows) which invention I believe will be of great public utility; that I am the true and first 
inventor thereof ; and that the same has not been before made or used in the Colony of Tasmania 
by any other person or persons, to the best of my knowledge and belief ; and that the instrument 
in writing under my hand and seal, hereunto annexed, particularly describes and ascertains the 
nature of the said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed. 

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true, and under 
and by virtue of the provisions of (proceeding to recite the Statute under which the declaration is 
made). 

(Signature.) 

Declared at the day of 18 

before me (signature and title of person talcing declaration). 



SPECIFICATION, 

To all to whom these presents come : 

I, (Edward Henry Johns, mechanic), of (Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of 
America), send greeting : 

Whereas, I am desirous of obtaining Letters Patent for securing unto me Her Majesty's special 
license that I, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I or they should, at 



132 TASMAOTA. TOBAGO (WEST INDIA). TONQUIN. TRINIDAD. 

any time agree vrith., and no others, should and la-vrf ully might, from time to time, and at all times 
during the term of fourteen years, to be computed from the day on which this instrument is left 
at the Office of the Registrar of Patents at Hobart, in the Colony of Tasmania, make, use, exercise 
and vend, Avithin the said Colony of Tasmania, an invention for (Improvement in Plows) ; and, in 
order to obtain the said Letters Patent, I must, by an instrument in writing, under my hand and 
seal, particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the 
same is to be pei'formed. ;Now, know ye that I, the said (EdicarO. Henry Johns), do hereby declare 
the nature of the said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, to be par- 
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement — that is to say : 

{Describe the Invention.) 
In mtness whereof, I, the said {Edward Henry Johns), have hereunto set my hand and seal, 

this day of 18.... 

{Signature.) {x.. s.) 



f ot>ar)o m*est India}. 



This island has been annexed to Trinidad, and by order in Council the Trinidad laws 
have been extended to apply to Tobago, and are now in force there. 



Imrqum* 

See France. 



Imudad^ 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid |135 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording 15 00 

LAW AND PRACTrCE. 

Who may be Patentee.— The true and first inventor, or the true and first importer 
into Trinidad. 

Patents, Kind and Term.— Patents of Invention (or Importation) granted for 
fourteen years, counting from the grant of the certificate by the Registrar-General. 

Unpatentable.— The law is silent upon this point. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application therefor must be filed before any public use or exercise of the invention 
within the Colony of Trinidad. Prior patenting or publication of the invention in any 
other cotmtry will not prevent the obtaining of a perfectly valid patent, provided the in- 
vention is new in Trinidad at the time the application is filed. 

Taxes.— There are none after the issue of the patent. 



TKINIDAD. TUNIS. 133 

Assignments. — The documents should be in duplicate. Any usual form may be 
used. 

Working". — There are no requirements. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Declaration.— Signed by applicant. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — May be signed either by the applicant or the 
agent. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any suitable size. 
No signatures required. 

5. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. 



FORMS. 

The forms "are the same as for Mauritius (which see), excepting the name of the Colony, 
which should read " Island of Trinidad," and the title of the Act, which for Trinidad is "Ordi- 
nance No. 25 of 1867." 

The declaration should specify " that the same is not in use by any person or persons in the 
Island of Trinidad." 



Mmi^. 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year |50 00 

* PATENTS OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 50 00 

TAXES, payable yearly, counting from the date of application. 

Each year 20 00 

ASSIGNMENTS (Notarial). See ' 'Assignments " 5 00 

WORKING, Nominal 50 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,00U words ; 35 cents must 
be added for every 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 



LAW AND PRACTICE. 



Who may be Patentee. — Anyone ; a person, firm or corporation. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention are granted for five, ten or fifteen 
years, as elected by the applicant, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes and the 
proper working of the invention. 

Unpatentable. — Plans and combinations of credit or finance; inventions, the use 
of which would be contrary to the laws and good manners, alimentary products aud 
medicines, although processes relating to the manufacture of the latter may be made iho 
subject of a patent. 



134 TUNIS. TURKEY. 

NoTelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application therefor must be filed before the invention has been published, or otherwise 
received sufficient publicity to allow of its being put into practice, either in the Regency 
of Tunis or in any other country. 

Taxes.— A tax of 100 piastres is payable upon every patent (except Patents of 
Addition), before the expiration of each year of its life, counting from the date of the 
filing of the application. No prolongation of the time for making payment can be 
obtained. 

Assignments. — Before an assignment can be recorded, all the taxes for the full term 
of the patent must be paid. As this is an expensive proceeding it is usual to prepare a 
Power of Attorney authorizing a Notary to effect the assignment. This is signed by both 
assignor and assignee and two witnesses, and should then be legalized by a French Consul. 
This document is retained by the assignee until he is ready to have the assignment made 
and recorded, which can be done at any time. 

"We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each legalization. 

"Working. — The patent must be worked within two years from the date of the issue 
of the patent, and the working must not be interrupted thereafter for any two whole 
years at a time. As there have been no decisions upon this point as yet, it is impossible 
to say just what construction will be put upon the law, but as the latter is, to all intents and 
purposes, a copy of the French law, it is believed that the practice will be the same as in 
France, and that an actual and effective working will be required. We will obtain esti- 
mates of the cost of actual workings upon receipt of particulars. "We quote a price for 
nominal workings, but it must be understood that we do not recommend them and that 
we wiU not be responsible for their sufficiency. 

Special.— /3/POi2r^r/OxV OF PATENTED ABTICLES. A patentee may be 
deprived of his rights if he shall have imported into the Regency, objects manufactured in 
foreign countries which are similar to those protected by his patent. A permit maf, how- 
ever, be obtained from the Prime Minister for the importation of : 1. Models of machines. 
2. Objects manufactured abroad destined for public exhibitions or for trials made with the 
consent of the government. As Tunis is a member of the International Union, citizens 
and subjects of States belonging to the Union may, however, import patented articles 
without risk of forfeiting their patents. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification. — On any suitable paper. No signatures. 

2. Drawings in duplicate.— On tracing cloth, any suitable size. 

3. Power of Attorney.— Signed by the applicant. No witnesses or legalization 
necessary. The usual French form should be used, for which, see France. 



^mfenn 



CHARGES. 

• PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $100 GO 

* PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid 60 00 

TAXES, payable in advance, on or before March 13th, each year. . 25 00 

ASSIGNMENTS (see "Assignments" below) nominal 5 00 

WORKING, exclusive of cost of manufacturing 50 00 

* The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond that 
number $1.00 must be added for each 100 words. 



TURKEY. 135 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — Practically, anyone, a person, firm, or corporation. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention granted for five, ten or fifteen 
years, as the applicant may elect, subject to the payment of the required taxes, and the 
proper working of the invention. Patents of Addition granted for the unexpired term of 
the original patent upon which it is based, and expiring therewith. In case of a prior 
foreign patent, the duration of the Turkish patent will not exceed that of the foreign 
patent. Extensions can only be secured by the enactment of a special law. 

Unpatentable. — Pharmaceutical compounds and medicines of every kind ; devices 
or combinations relating to banking or finance; inventions or discoveries contrary to 
public order or safety, to morals, or to the laws of the Empire; theoretical principles, 
methods, systems, discoveries and conceptions which are not capable of industrial appli- 
cation. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent, the 
application therefor must be filed before the invention has received, either in Turkey or 
elsewhere, sufiicient publicity to enable the same to be worked. Subject to the above 
provision, inventions already patented in any other countries may be patented in 
Turkey. 

Taxes. — A tax of two Turkish pounds must be paid upon every patent (except a 
patent of addition) during each year of its life. All taxes are payable on the 1st of March 
of every Turkish fiscal year, or before the 13th of March, according to the Gregorian cal- 
endar, or new style. There are no taxes upon patents of addition after issue. 

Assignments. — The assignment should be in duplicate and must be made by No- 
tarial deed or by an Act passed before a civil tribunal of first instance in localities where 
there are no Notaries. Before an assignment can be recorded, all the taxes must be paid 
for the entire term of the patent. Thepraclice is the same as for French assignments. 
Assignments must be legalized by a Turkish Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, whea desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document. 

Working. — The invention must be worked within two years of the date of the issue 
of the patent, and the working must not entirely cease thereafter for any two consecutive 
years. The law requires the actual manufacture of the invention in Turkey, the prac- 
tice being the same as in France. 

^^ecml—IMPOETATIOir OF PATENTED ARTICLES.— "The importation of 
patented articles is strictly prohibited under the penalty of the forfeiture of the patent, 
with the exceptioa that the Minister of Commerce and Agriculture may authorize the in- 
troduction into the Empire of models of machines and articles manufactured abroad, in- 
tended for public exhibitions or for experiments made with the consent of the government. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 



1. Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate.— On tracing cloth, of any convenient size, leaving 
ample margin. No signatures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant and legalized by a Turkish Consul. 
The usual French power should be used. (See France.) 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



136 TURKS ISLAND. URUGUAY. 

®utb Inland 

This island is'now. under the :?overnment of Jamaica. 



Ilmguajj. 



CHARGES. 

PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid for one year $300 00 

PATENT OF ADDITION, all taxes paid for one year 250 00 

TAXES, payable yearly, counting from date of patent, with ten days' 
grace. 

Each year, upon Original Patents 40 00 

" " Patents of Addition, when the holder is the 

original patentee 25 00 

" " Patents of Addition when the liolder is a third 

party 85 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recordina- 50 00 

WORKING. The charges are variable, about 100 00 

*Tlie above charge includes translatiou of the specification up to 2,000 words. Beyond this 
number, $1.00 must be added for each 109 words. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The inventor, his agent, or assignee, and the owner of a 
prior foreign patent, who is allowed one year from the date of said patent to file his 
application in Uruguay. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Patents of Invention, granted for three, six, or nine 
years, as the applicant may elect, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes and 
proper working. Patents of Addition, for improvements upon inventions for which a 
patent is already issued, granted for the unexpired term of the original patent, and expir- 
ing therewith. The term cannot be prolonged except by special Legislative Act. 

Unpatentable. — Financial schemes; discoveries or inventions weU known in the 
country and abroad by means of written works or printed periodicals; inventions that 
are purely theoretical, and do not admit of practical application; chemical compositions; 
and inventions that are contrary to the laws of morality and the Republic. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— To obtain a valid patent the 
application therefor must be filed before the invention has been published, or become 
well known in Uruguay and abroad. The owner of a foreign patent has, however, a 
priority of one year from the date of his foreign patent within which to file his applica- 
tion, and if the application be filed within this time, a valid patent maybe obtained 
without regard to any publication or public use of the invention. 

Taxes. — Patents of Invention are subject to a yearly tax of 25 pesos, which must 
be paid in advance, counting from the date of the patent. There is ten days' grace for 
making payment, and without fine. Patents of Addition are subject to a yearly tax of 
one-third of the amount of the yearly tax upon the original patent if the owner is the 
original patentee ; and to a yearly tax of two-thirds of the amount of the yearly tax upon 
the original patent if the owner of the Patent of Addition is not the original patentee. 
No prolongation of time for making a payment can be obtained. 

Assignments. — The documents should be prepared in the Spanish language and be 
in duplicate. They should be legalized by a Uruguayan Consul. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each legalization. 



URUGUAY. VENEZUELA . 137 

Working. — The Executive power designates " a reasonable time " within which ta 
commence working the industry to which the patent refers. If the working is stopped 
thereafter for one year the patent becomes void. It is sometimes possible to obtain an ex- 
tension of the time for working, when the working has been interrupted by accident or 
force majeure, which event must be proved by the interested party within the term of one 
month, or the patent will be declared forfeited. In the absence of any judicial declsions^ 
upon this point it is not possible to determine just what will constitute a sufficient and 
legal working. There is little doubt, however, that the intent of the law is to require an 
actual and practically continuous working of the invention (manufacture) in Uruguay. 
We will obtain estimates of the cost of actual workings upon receipt of full particulars. 
We quote a price for nominal workings, as we frequently receive orders for them, but it 
must be clearly understood that we do not hold ourselves in any way responsible for 
their sufficiency. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

1. Specification — On any paper and in any form. No signatures necessary. 

2. Drawings in duplicate. — On drawing board or tracing cloth, any suitable 
size, made to metric scale. No signatures necessary. 

3. Power of Attorney. — Signed by the applicant. This should be legalized by 
a Uruguayan Consul. The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic (which see). 

4. If a prior foreign patent exists, a certified copy, legalized by a UruguayaiL 
Consul should be furnished. 

5. If no prior foreign patent exists, a declaration stating that the invention has 
not been patented in the country of its origin. This document must be signed by the 
applicant, and be legalized by a Uruguayan Consul. The form is the same as for the 
Argentine Republic, (which see). 

When desired we can obtain the legalization here at a cost of $3.00 for each document, whicli 
amount includes Consular and Agency fees. 



Ilm^su^k, 



CHARGES. 

* PATENT, Cost of, for five years, all taxes paid $220 00 

ten " " 300 00 

fifteen " " 375 00 

ASSIGNMENT, preparing and recording 40 00 

WORKING, exclusive of freight or cost of manufacture 50 00 

*The above charge includes translation of the specification up to 2,000 words. $1.00 must be 
added for each 100 words in the specification in excess of 2,000. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — An inventor, or any person who has had a patent granted 
to him in a foreign country. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — The patent is granted for five, ten or fifteen years, 
as elected by the applicant, counting from the date of the issue of the patent, subject to 
the required working. In case of a prior foreign patent, the Venezuelan patent will 
be granted for a period equal to the unexpired term of the foreign patent. 



138 VENEZUELA. VICTORIA. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions prejudicial to health, public order, morals, or prior 
rights ; pharmaceutical preparations and medicines. 

Noyelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication. — The application must be made 
before the invention is known to or used by others in Venezuela, or has been patented to 
another or described in a public print published either in the Republic or abroad, or 
before the invention has been in public use or offered for sale for more than two years, 
but an invention already patented in a foreign country may be patented in Venezuela, 
provided that it has not already been patented by another person. 

Taxes. — There are none after the issue of the patent. 

Assignments. — The documents must be in duplicate and in the Spanish language 
and be legalized by a A^enezuelan Consul. 

We can obtain the leg'alization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00 for each document. 

Working. — Patents are granted for five, ten and fifteen years, and become void 
six months, one year, and two years, respectively, after the grant, unless the invention has 
been carried into operation. The working must not be discontinued for as much as a 
whole year at a time. In the absence of any judicial decisions regarding workings it 
cannot be determined with certainty just what will constitute a legal workmg. We are 
advised, however, that in case of machinery or apparatus, it is considered sufficient to 
import one or more into Venezuela and put them into operation there. In case of a 
process, it must be carried into practice in the country. 



DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

Specification. — Written or printed on any paper. No signatures necessary. 

Drawings in duplicate. — On tracing cloth, any convenient size, leaving ample 
margins. No signatures required. 

Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant and legalized by a Venezuelan Consul. 
The form is the same as for the Argentine Republic (which see). 

If a prior foreign patent exists, a certified copy of the same, legalized by a 
Venezuelan Consul, must be supplied. 

The law requires an oath, but as this may be signed by the agent under Power of Attorney, it 
is not necessary to send one. 

We can obtain the legalization here, when desired, at a cost of $3.00, which includes Consular 
and Agency fees. 



fictovia. 



CHARGES. 

* PROVISIONAL PROTECTION, for 12 months $25 00 

COMPLETING PATENT, all taxes paid for three years 45 00 

Total cost |70 00 

^ Or COMPLETE PATENT, in first instance, taxes paid for three 

years 60 00 

j- TAXES, before the expiration of the third year 20 00 

" seventh" 20 00 

ASSIGNMENTS, preparing and recording (including 10s. stamp). . 12 50 



VICTORIA. 139 

* In case the application is opposed, or rejected by the Examiner there will be extra charges 
in addition to the above amounts. These will be seldom incurred however, and will be made 
the subject of special agreement in each case. 

+ In case a tax is not paid within the required time an extension of time for paying same may 
be obtained, not however to exceed six months at most, upon payment of a fine of 15 shillings ($3.75), 
for each month of such extension. To the amount of the fine must be added our agency charge 
of $7.50 for obtaining such extension and paying the fine. An application for extension of time 
must be made according to a prescribed form and must be accompanied by a statutory declaration; 
wp will furnish forms when desired. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may he Patentee. — (1) The actual inventor or his assigns. (3) The actual 
inventor jointly with the assigns of a part imerest in the invention. (3) The legal repre- 
sentatives of a deceased actual inventor or of his assigns, provided they file their appli- 
eation within twelve months of the decease of such inventor. (4) Any person to whom 
the invention has been communicated by the actual inventor, his legal representatives or 
assigns, if the actual inventor, his legal representatives or assigns is or are not resident 
in Victoria. (5) A corporation, either as the assignee of, or as a communication from 
the inventor. (6) Joint inventors. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Provisional Protection is granted for a term of twelve 
months, counting from the day the application is filed. In such case the complete speci- 
fication should be filed within nine months from the date of application. An extension 
of one month's time may be had for filing tlie complete specification upon payment of a 
fine. Patents of Invention, granted for fourteen years, counting from the date of the 
filing of the application, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. The patent 
may sometimes be extended for an additional term of fourteen years. 

Unpatentable. — Inventions, the use of which would be, in the opinion of the Su- 
preme Court law officer or Commissioner, contrary to law or morality, or dangerous, or 
injurious or prejudicial to the public interest. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication,— The application should be filed 
before the invention has been published or publicly used in Victoria, but where a patent 
has been obtained in a foreign country for any invention first invented in any country 
outside of Victoria, a patent may be obtained for such invention at any time within one 
year from the date of the granting of any such patent, notwithstanding that such inven- 
tion has been used or published in Victoria, within such period of one year, provided 
that such use or publication has not been made with the consent of the inventor. The 
exhibition, publication, or public use of an invention at an industrial or international 
exhibition will not prevent the obtaining of a valid patent, provided the inventor gives 
the Commissioner one month's notice of his intention to make such exhibition, and files 
his application within twelve months from the opening of the exhibition. 

Taxes. — A tax of £3.10.0 is payable before the expiration of the third year of the 
life of the patent, counting from the date of the filing of the application, and a further 
tax of £3.10.0, before the expiration of the seventh year. In case a payment is not made 
within the required time, an extension of such time, not to exceed six months, at most, 
may be had upon filing an application made in the prescribed form, accompanied by a 
statutory declaration setting forth the grounds upon which such extension is asked, and 
upon payment of a fine of 15 shillings ($3.75) for each month of such extension. See 
*' Charges " for our terms for obtaining extensions. 

Assignments. — These should be in duplicate, and may be in any suitable form. 
When forwarding the same for registration, a request to enter name upon the register 
must also be supplied. 

Working. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. 

These should be prepared upon strong (not thin), white paper, of a size exactly 8 inches wide 
by 13 Inches high, leaving a margin of 2 Inches on the left hand side thereof. 

Black ink only should be used, as we are advised that the Commissioner will in future refuse 
documents prepared in analine or other colored Inks.— Carbon copies will not be accepted. 

1. Authorization. — Signed by applicant. 



140 VICTORIA. 

2. Application for Patent and Copy Thereof, must be signed by the applicant 
except in ttie case of a corporation applying, when it must be signed by the Agent. The 
copy must be marked " trae copy," and this certificate must also be signed. The appli- 
cation can be made before a British Consul, Notary Public, or any person competent 
to take declarations by the law of the country where the same is to be taken. 

3. Specification in duplicate. — May be signed by either tlie applicant or by the 
Agent. One of the copies must be marked '"true copy," and this certificate must be 
signed by the person signing the specification. 

4. Drawings in duplicate. — On sheets of pure, white drawing paper or bristol 
board, 8 inches wide by 13 inches high, or 16 inches wide by 13 inches high. A single 
margin line must be drawn all around, one-half inch from the edge of the sheet. iSTa- 
signatures necessary. 

5. A FaC'Simile of the Original Drawings. — This may be made upon tracing 
cloth. No signatures necessary. 

When the applicant is the assignee, an assignment (with an examined copy thereof), mvist be 
supplied. 

FORMS. 

AUTHORIZATION^. 

Victoria. 

I hereby appoint 

to act as my agent in respect of my application for a Patent for {insert title of invention) and I 
request that all notices, requisitions, and communications relating thereto may be sent to such 
agent at the above address. 

Dated the day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety 

{Signature.) 

APPLICATION FOR PATENT BY A SINGLE INVENTOR. 

Victoria. 

Application for Patent. 

' {By a single Inventor.) 

I, {insert name, address, and occupation of inventor), do solemnly and sincerely declare that I am 
in possession of an invention for {insert title of invention ;) that I am the actual inventor thereof : 
and that the said invention is not in use in Victoria by any other person or persons to the best of 
my knowledge and behef. And T desira that a Patent may be granted to me for the said inven- 
tion. 

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true, and under 
and by virtue of {here recite tJie Statute in force in the country in which the declaration is made). 

{Signature.) 

Declared this day of -one thousand eight hundred and ninety 

at in the of 

Before me {Signature of official l)efore whom the declaration was made). 



APPLICATION FOR PATENT BY JOINT INVENTORS. 

Victoria. 

Application for Patent. 

{By Joint Inventors.) 

We {insert names, addresses, and occupations), do severally, solemnly and sincerely declare that 
we are in possession of an invention for {insert title of invention) ; that we are the actual inventors, 
thereof ; and that the said invention is not in use in Victoria by any other person or persons to 
the best of our knowledge and belief ; and we desire that a Patent may be granted to us for the 
said invention. 

And I, {insert name of first declarant), make this solemn declaration conscientiously beheving 
the same to be true and under and by virtue of {here recite the Statute in force in the country in 
which the declaration is made.) 

{Signature of first Declarant. 



VICTORIA. 141 

And I, (insert name of second declarant), make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing' 
the same to be true and under and by \^rtue of (here recite the Statute in force in the country in 
which the declaration is made). 

(Signature of second Declarant.) 

Declared this day of 

one thousand eight hundred and ninety at 

in the of by the above-named 



Before me 

(Person talcing declaration of first Applicant to sign here.) 



Declared this day of 

one thousand eight hundred and ninety at. 

in the of by the above-named. 



Before me 

(Person talcing declaration of second Applicant to sign here.) 

APPLICATION FOR PATENT BY INVENTOR AND ASSIGNEE JOINTLY. 

Victoria. 

Application for Patent, 

(^By an Inventor and an Assignee Jointly.) 

We, (insert names, addresses and occupations), do severally, solemnly, and sincerely declare that 
-we are in possession of an invention for (insert title of invention); that I the said (insert name of 
■actual inventor), am the actual inventor thereof, and that I the said (insert name of assignee), am 
the assignee of the said {insert name of inventor), of a part or share of and in the said invention; 
and that the said invention is not in use in Victoria by any other person or persons to the best of 
our knowledge and belief ; and we desire that a Patent may be granted to us jointly for the said 
invention. 

And I, (insert name of one of the parties), make this solemn declaration conscientiously believ- 
ing the same to be true, and under and by virtue of (here recite the Statute in force in the country 
in which the declaration is made.) 

(Signature of first Declarant.) 

And I, (insert name of other party), make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the 
«ame to be true, and under and by virtue of (here recite the Statute in force in the country in 
^hich the declaration is made). 

(Signature of second Declarant.) 

Declared this day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety 

at in the by the above-named 



Before me 

(Person talcing declaration of first Declarant to sign here.) 

Declared this day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety. , . 

at in the by the above-named 



Before me 

(Person tafcinj declaration of secon'l Declarant to sign here.) 

APPLICATION FOR PATENT BY ASSIGNEE ALONE, 

Victoria. 

Application for Patent. 

{By the Assignee of the Inventor alone.) 

I, (insert name, address and occupation), do solemnly and sincerely declare that I am in posses- 
sion of an invention for (insert title of invention), that I am the assignee of (insert name of actual 
inventor) ,who is I verily believe the actual inventor thereof ; and that the said invention is not 
in use in Victoria by any other person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief. And 
I desire that a Patent may be granted to me for the said invention. 

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and under 
and by virtue of (here recite the Statute in force in the country in which the declaration is made.) 

(Signature.) 

Declared this day of one thousand eight hundred and ninety 

at ,in 



Before me 

(Person talcing declaration to sign here.) 



142 VICTORIA. 

PROVISIONAL SPECinCATION. 

Provisional Specification, 

(Title of Invention.) 

I, (insert name, address and occupation), do hereby declare the nature of my invention for 
(insert title of invention), to be as follows: 

(Here follows description.) 

(Signature.) 



Dated this day of 189 



COMPLETE SPECIFICATIOISr. 

Complete Specification. 

(Title of Invention.) 

I, (insert name, address and occupation), do hereby declare the nature of my invention for 
(insert title of invention), and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described 
and ascertained in and by the f oUowing statement : 

(Here insert full description of Invention.) 

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in 
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is : 

(Signature.) 
Dated this day of 189 

ASSIGNMENT FROM INVENTOR, WHEN APPLICANT APPLIES AS ASSIGNEE, 

Assignment. 

This Deed, made the, ....<............. .day of one thousand eig-ht 

hundred and between (insert name, address and occupation of inventor), 

(hereinafter called the assignor), of the one part, and (insert name, address and occupation of 
assignee) (hereinafter called the assignee) of the other part. Whereas, the said assignor is the 
inventor of an invention entitled (insei^t title of invention). 

Now, this Deed Witnesseth that, in consideration of the premises and of the sum of (insert 
consideration), sterling, in hand well and truly received by the said assignor from the said assignee 
at or before the signing and sealing of these presents, the receipt whereof the said assignor does 
hereby acknowledge, the said assignor does hereby sell and assign, transfer and set over, 
unto the said assignee, his executors, administrators and assigns, all his rtght, title and 
interest of and in the said invention, so far as the Colony of Victoria is concerned, with full power 
to the said assignee to apply for and obtain Letters Patent therefor in his own name, in Victoria 
aforesaid. 

In Witness whereof, the said assignor has hereto set his hand and seal the day and year first 
above written. 

(Signature.) [l. s.] 

Signed and Delivered by the said 



in the presence of 

Name. Address. Occupation. 

APPOINTMENT OF AGENT, 

(To he used for communications.) 

Whereas I, (insert name, address and occupation), am the actual inventor (or t?ie assignee of tfw 
actual inventor), of an invention for (insert title of invention), for which I am desirous of obtaining 

Letters Patent in the colony of Victoria, do hereby nominate and appoint 

Patent Agent, my agent to represent me in all matters relating to the said application for Letters 
Patent. And I hereby give him full power to apply for the said Patent in his name as upon a 
communication from me. 

Dated this day of one thousand 

eight hundred and 

(Signature.) 

Witness 

Name. Address. Occupation. 



WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Ui^ 



CHARGES. 

LETTERS OF REGISTRATION, cost of, all taxes paid $110 00 

* PATENT, cost of, all taxes paid, for 4 years 90 00 

f TAXES, On Letters of Registration none. 

On Patents before the expiration of the 4th year 35 00 

" 7th year 35 00 

ASSIGNMENTS 25 00 

* The above charge does not cover the cost of possible opposition, or of amendment, if the? 
application is rejected by the Examiner. Extra expenses are seldom incurred, and will be made the 
subject of special agreement in each case. 

+ The time for paying a tax may be extended, not to exceed six months, upon payment of a 
fine of £10. Our charge for procuring the extension and paying the fine is, including fine, $65.00. 

LAW AND PRACTICE. 

Who may be Patentee. — The bona fide holder of a foreign patent may obtain Let- 
ters of Registration, which have the same force as Letters Patent. The originator or 
discoverer of any new invention, for which no patent, or instrument in the nature of a 
patent has been issued in any other country, may apply for and obtain Letters Patent. 
Joint inventors may^ obtain a joint patent. An inventor and an assignee may join in 
making an application for Letters Patent. The legal representatives of a deceased 
inventor may file an application for a patent within six months from the date of his 
decease. 

Patents, Kind and Term. — Letters of Registration are granted for the unexpired term 
of the foreign patent upon which they are based, and expire therewith. Letters Patent 
are issued for a term of fourteen years, counting from the date of the filing of the 
application, subject to the payment of the prescribed taxes. The Patent may, in excep- 
tional cases, be extended for a further term of seven, or even fourteen years. 

Unpatentable. — Letters Patent will not be granted for any invention known to be 
already patented in Great Britain or in any other country. Letters of Registration may, 
however, be obtained in such cases. 

Novelty, Effect of Prior Patent or Publication.— Letters of Registration may be 
obtained at any time during the life of a foreign patent, for the unexpired term of such 
foreign patent. To obtain valid Letters Patent, the application therefor should be filed 
before any publication or public use of the invention within Western Australia. The 
exhibition, publication or public use of an invention at an international or industrial 
exhibition, will not prevent the obtaining of valid Letters Patent, provided notice of the 
intention to exhibit is given the Registrar, and the application is filed within six months 
from the date of the opening of the exhibition. 

Assignments. — These should be in duplicate and may be in any suitable form. 
Working-. — There are no requirements. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED (LETTERS PATENT). 

1. Application. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Specification in duplicate. — No signature required. 

3. Drawings in duplicate. — No signatures necessary. 

4. Statement of Address. — Signed by applicant. 

No forms of applications for Letters Patent have ever been issued by the Government ; but 
from the Registrar's remarks, there is little doubt but that documents prepared in accordance 
with the British rules will be accepted. 



144 WESTER NT AUSTRALIA. 

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED. (LETTERS OF REGISTRATION.) 

1. Petition. — Signed by applicant. 

2. Certiiled Copy of Letters Patent held by applicant. May be either printed or 
^\Titten on any material. 

3. Certified Copy of Specification on which such Patent has been granted, unless 
printed, must be written on brief or foolscap paper, on one side only. If printed, the 
certification will beheld to include the correctness of the drawings also, if the whole is 
bound up together. 

4. Certified Copy of Drawing on which such Patent has been granted. Whether 
printed or not, can be on paper or cloth. 

5. Declaration by Applicant. — Signed by applicant. 

6. Declaration by Professional Man. — Signed by a Patent Solicitor or Agent, 
preferably. 



7. Power of Attorney. — Signed by applicant. 

f the applicant be the assignee of the patentee, a cer 
applied. 

Declarations may be made before a Notary Public or other competent official. 



If the applicant be the assignee of the patentee, a certified copy of the assignment must also 
Jae supplied. 



FORMS. 

PETITIOX. 

Petition. 

To His Excellency the Governor of the Colony of "Western Australia. 
The humble Petition of {Ttere insert name and address of Petitioner) 

Sheweth : 
That your Petitioner is the l)ona fide holder of {insert name of country) Letters Patent, dated the 

day of , granted to him for an 

invention entitled Qiei'e insert title of invention). 

That your Petitioner is desirous of obtaining^ Letters of Registration for the said invention, 
and has accordingly deposited the sum of £15 with the Colonial Treasurer, in accordance with the 

provisions of the "Patents Act 1888," 

Tour Petitioner therefore humbly prays that your Excellency will be pleased to g'rant unto 
him, his executors, administrators, and assigns, Letters of Registration for the said invention, in 
.accordance with the provisions of the ''Patents Act 1888." 

And your Petitioner will ever pray, «fec. 

(Signature.) 

DECLARATION OF PROFESSIONAL MAN. 

Declaration. 

I, {insert name, address and occupation), do solemnly and sincerely declare : 

That I have searched the Reg-ister of Proprietors of Patents, which is kept at the Patents OflBce, 
■{insert name of place), and that so far as is disclosed by this record {insert name of owner of patent), 
is the Sole Proprietor of Lettei-s Patent, granted to {insert vuime of original patentee), for an inven- 
tion entitled (insert title of invention). 

That the said Letters Patent are dated the day of 

and are now la full force. 

And I make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing the same to be true, and under 
and hy virtue of (here recite the Statute under which the declaration is made). 

[Signature.) 
Declared at 

Before me {Signature of official before whom declaration is taken). 



WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ZANZIBAR. INTERNATIONAL UNION. 145 

DECLARATION OF APPLICANT. 

Declaration. 
I, (insert name^ address and occupation), do solemnly and sincerely declare : 
That I am the person named in, and the 'bonaflde holder of (insert name of country). Letters 
Patent granted to me for an invention entitled (title of invention), which said Letters Patent 

are dated the day of 

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing' the same to be true, and under 
and by virtue of {here recite Statute.) 

(Signature.) 
Declared at before me (signature of official he/ore whom declaration is made). 

If the applicant be the assignee, he must furnish, in lieu of this declaration, a copy of the 
deed of assignment and the following statutory declaration : 

FORM OF DECLARATION OF APPLICANT WHEN HE IS NOT THE GRANTEE OF 

LETTERS PATENT. 

I, (insert name, address and occupation of applicant), do solemnly and sincerely declare : 

That I am the assignee of the person named in, and the t)ona fide holder of (insert name of 
country) Letters Patent granted to one (insert name of patentee), of (insert address), for an inventioa 
entitled (inserl title of invention), which said Lettei's Patent are dated the day of 18 

That I am the person named in the copy deed hereto annexed and marked "A," and that 
such copy deed is a true and correct copy of the original deed of assignment of which it purports 
to be a copy. 

And I make this solemn declaration, conscientiously belie\ring the same to be true, and 
under and by virtue of (here recite Statute.) 

(Signature.) 

Before me. (Signature of official before whom, declaration is made,\ 



%mmUx. 



There is as yet no patent law in force. It is probable that the government would give, 
protection to inventions by way of special grant, provided the invention was likely to be 
of use in the country. 

As yet we have had no demand for such grants, and have made no arrangements as to 
prices, etc. We have a reliable agent there, however, and will undertake the trans- 
action of any business in that country upon terms to be agreed upon in each individual 
case. 



FOR 

THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY. 



On January 1st, 1891, the following countries were members of the International 
Union : 



Belgium, 

Brazil, 

France (and her Colonies Martinique, Gua- 
daloupe, St. Mary de Madagascar, La 
Re-union, Cochin-China, St. Pierre and 
Micquelon, French Guiana, Senegal, 
Congo, Gaboon, Mazotte, Nassi-Be, 
French India, New Caledonia and 
Tahiti), 

Great Britain, 

Guatemala, 

Italy, 



Netherlands (and her East and .West 

Indian Colonies), 
Norway, 
Portugal, 
San Domingo, 
Servia, 
Spain, 
Sweden, 
Switzerland, 
Tunis, 
United States of America. 



146 THE INTERNATIONAL UNION. 

These countries have associated themselves together, forming an international union, 
for the protection of inventions, trade and other commercial marks, and similar industrial 
property. The principal provisions of the regulations of the Union are as follows: 

1. Aliens haye the same rights as Natiyes.— The subjects or citizens of each of 
the contracting States, shall in all the other States of the Union, in matters concerning 
patents, industrial designs or models, trade and commercial marks, and trade-names, 
enjoy the advantages that their respective laws now grant, or shall hereafter grant to 
natives. 

2. Right of Priority for Filing Applications.— Any person who has duly 
lodged an application for a patent, an industrial design or model, or trade or commercial 
mark in one of the contracting States, shall enjoy, for lodging the application in the other 
States, and reserving the rights of third parties, a right of priority during the terms here- 
inafter named. 

Consequently, a subsequent application in any of the other States of the Union before 
the expiration of these periods shall not be invalidated through any acts accomplished in 
the interval, either, for instance, by another application, by publication of the invention 
or by the working of it by a third party, by the sale of copies of the design or model, or 
by the use of the mark. 

The above-mentioned terms of priority shall be six months for patents, and three 
months for industrial designs and models, and for trade and commercial marks. The 
terms are increased by a month for countries beyond the sea (North and South America, 
etc.). 

3. Protection for Inventions Exhibited in Exhibitions.— Temporary protec- 
tion will be granted for any patentable invention, industrial design or model, or trade or 
commercial mark, for articles exhibited at oflQcial or officially recognized international 
exhibitions. 

This temporary protection is granted for the term of six months from the day of the 
admission of the article at the exhibition, and is independent of the " term of priority" 
mentioned in the preceding article. During this term, the exhibition, publication, or 
working not authorized by the owner of the invention, design, model or mark thus pro- 
tected, shall not hinder the party who has obtained, the said temporary protection from 
making good in the course of said term his application for patent, or the registration 
necessary to secure definite protection in the entire territory of the Union. This tempo- 
rary protection shall not be operative unless, while it stiU continues, an application for 
patent is made, or some specimen deposited for the purpose of securing to the respective 
article definite protection in one of the States belonging to the Union. 

4. The Right to Import Patented Articles.— The importation of patented articles 
by the patentee into any country where a patent has been issued, does not entail forfeit- 
ure of the patent. Nevertheless, the patentee remains subject to the obligation to work 
his patent in conformity with the laws of the country into which he introduces the 
patented articles. 

5. Protection of Trade-Names. — A trade-name is protected in all of the countries 
of the Union without the necessity of registration. 

6. Confiscation of Infringing Articles. —All products illegally bearing a trade or 
commercial mark or trade-name, or a spurious or misleading mark with regard to the 
place of production, may be confiscated either in the country where the false marlj: was 
affixed, or in the country where the product has been introduced. 

7. Rights of Aliens Domiciliated in States of Union,— Subjects or citizens of 
States not forming part of the Union, who are domiciled in the territory of any of the 
States of the Union, shall enjoy equal rights with the subjects or citizens of States 
belonging to the Union. Those possessing industrial or comniercial establishments in any 
of the States of the Union, but not residing there, shall possess equal rights if they are 
the exclusive owners of the said establishments, and are represented there by a general 
agent. In case of contestation, such persons are bound to prove that they actually and 
continuously exercise their industry or business there. 



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«« 


» 


05 






" 












N 


















































































































































































fl 










>: 


a 






i 




: 


a 












P. 
1 


j 








' 


■a 

1 


c 








c 

p 


1 






1 


N 




1 


1 

< 

3 
3 




1 

s 

§ 








1 


ff 


n 


B 


R 




c 


^ 




^ 


• 


o 


oa 




Eh 


f> 





.3 O 



be S, 



^ 2 






flo<5 
o 00.3 

2 o © « 

E-l+iEH o 



ft 



149 



CHARGES AND WORKINGS. 

(Copyri<yMea, 1891, l>y Richaras <& Co.) 



Condensed Table of Charges for Applications for Patents, in Countries in which no taxes 
are due or payable upon patents after their issue ; together with requirements as 
to workings in such countries, and our charge for nominal workings. 





Charge 

for 
Patent. 


Translations 
each 100 
words be- 
yond 2,000. 


Working. 


Country. 


Kind. 


Due. 


Cost. 
Nominal. 


Argentine Republic, 5 year 


$150.00 
275.00 
430.00 
400.00 
150.00 
110.00 
250.00 
150.00 
200.00 
250.00 
300.00 
110.00 

75.00 

35.00 
200.00 

75.00 
175.00 
200.00 

90.00 
115.00 

75.00 
1S5.00 
200.00 
130.00 
150.00 
150.00 

60.00 

90.00 
125.00 
175.00 
225.00 

90.00 
120.00 
300.00 
100.00 
125.00 
125.00 
220.00 
330 00 
375.00 


[ $1.00 

j 

1.25 
1.00 

] 

V 1.00 

J 

..R5 


actual 

none 
actual 

actual 

none 
nominal 
nominal 
nominal 
nominal 

none 
nominal 

none 

none 
nominal 
nominal 
nominal 

none 
nominal 
nominal 

none 

nominal 

nominal 

none 
none 
none 

nominal 


2 + 2 

1 

none 
1 to 3 

1 + 1 

none 

1 + 1 

1 + 1 

1 

1 + 1 
none 

2 + 1 

none 
none 

1 + 1 

2 
3 

none 

5 
2 

none 

2 + 2 

Within first 

quarter of 

term 

none 
none 
none 

6 months, 
1 year, 
2 years ; 

and yearly 




10 " 


$50 to $100 


15 " 


Bolivia 


$100.00 


Ceylon, if no English patent. 


if an " " 


none 


Chill. . . 


75 CO 


Colomhla, 5 year 




10 " . 




15 " 


100.00 


20 " . 




Congo Free State 


none 


Danish West Indies 

Denmark 


1 

1 


50 
50 
00 
50 

00 
50 


50.00 
30.00 


Ecuador 


75.00 


Faroe Islands 


50.00 


Fiji Islands. . 


none 


Finland 


$50 to $100 


Hawaii. 


none 


Hong Kong 


none 


Iceland 


50.00 


Jamaica 


50.00 


Liberia 


75.00 


Mauritius 


none 


Mexico. 


50.00 


Newfoundland 


50.00 


New South Wales 


none 


Portugal, 1 jear 


I .60 
J 

\ .85 

1 

\ 1.00 

J 








10 " 


$50 to $75 


15 " 




Russia, 3 year 




5 " 


$40 to $50 


10 " 




St. Helena 


none 


Straits Settlements ^ . 


none 


Trinidad .... 


none 


Venezuela, 5 year 

10 " 


50.00 


15 " 













CHARGES, TAXES AND WORKINGS. 

Special Grants — See page 160. 



150 



TABLE OF EXTRA TRAXSLATIOXS. 



EXTRA TRANSLATIONS. 

(Copijrightea, 1S91, Dy EicTuiras <£• Co.) 
A table showing the exact cost of extra translations for any number of words up to 
10,000, at the different rates charged. In couniiug the number of words in a specifica- 
tion, every word, reference letter, figure and number must be counted as a word ; for 
fractions of 100 words, over 50 is charged for as 100 words ; for a fraction less than 50, 
no charge is made. 



XUMBER OF 
WORDS. 



100 
200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
&00 
1000 

1100 
1300 
1300 
1400 
1500 
1600 
1700 
1800 
1900 
2000 

2100 
2200 
2300 
2400 
2500 
2600 
2700 
2800 
2900 
3000 



At 35 Cts. 


At 50 Cts. 


At 75 Cts. 


per 100. 


period. 


per 100. 


$ 85 


$ 50 


$ 75 


70 


1 00 


1 50 


1 05 


1 50 


2 25 


1 40 


2 00 


3 00 


1 75 


2 50 


3 75 


2 10 


3 00 


4 50 


2 45 


3 50 


5 25 


2 80 


4 00 


6 00 


3 15 


4 50 


6 75 


3 50 


5 00 


7 50 



per 100. 



3100 
3200 
3300 
3400 
3500 
3600 
3700 
3800 
3!)00 
4000 



4100 
4200 
4300 
4400 
4500 
4600 
4700 
4800 
4900 
5000 



^ 85 

1 70 

2 55 

3 40 

4 25 

5 10 

5 95 

6 80 

7 65 

8 50 



3 85 


5 50 


8 25 


4 20 


6 00 


9 GO 


4 55 


6 50 


9 75 


4 90 


7 00 


10 50 


5 25 


7 50 


11 25 


5 60 


8 00 


12 00 


5 95 


8 50 


12 75 


6 30 


9 00 


13 50 


6 65 


9 50 


14 25 


7 00 


10 00 


15 00 



9 35 

10 20 

11 05 

11 90 

12 75 

13 60 

14 45 

15 30 

16 15 

17 00 



7 35 

7 70 

8 05 
8 40 

8 75 

9 10 
9 45 
9 80 

10 15 
10 50 



10 85 

11 20 
11 55 

11 90 

12 25 
12 60 

12 95 

13 30 

13 65 

14 00 



10 50 


15 75 


11 00 


16 50 


11 50 


17 25 


12 00 


18 00 


12 50 


18 75 


13 00 


19 50 


13 50 


20 25 


14 00 


21 00 


14 50 


21 75 


15 00 


22 50 



17 85 

18 70 

19 55 

20 40 

21 25 

22 10 

22 95 

23 80 

24 65 

25 50 



15 50 

16 00 

16 50 

17 00 

17 50 

18 00 

18 50 

19 00 

19 50 

20 00 



23 25 

24 00 

24 75 

25 50 

26 25 

27 00 

27 75 

28 50 

29 25 

30 00 



26 35 

27 20 

28 05 

28 90 

29 75 

30 60 

31 45 

32 30 

33 15 

34 00 



At Sl.OO At $1.25 
per 100. i per 100. 



$1 00 

2 00 

3 00 

4 00 ■ 

5 00 i 

6 00 i 

7 00 I 

8 00 ! 

9 00 i 
10 00 I 



$1 25 
2 50 
8 75 

5 00 

6 25 

7 50 

8 75 

10 00 

11 25 

12 50 



11 00 

12 00 

13 00 

14 00 

15 00 

16 00 

17 00 

18 00 

19 00 

20 00 



21 00 

22 00 

23 00 

24 00 

25 00 

26 00 

27 00 

28 00 

29 00 
80 00 



31 00 

32 00 

33 00 
84 00 

35 00 

36 00 
87 00 

38 00 

39 00 

40 00 



14 85 


20 o(^ 


30 75 


34 85 


14 70 


21 00 


31 50 


35 70 


15 05 


21 50 


32 25 


36 55 


15 40 


22 00 


33 00 


37 40 


15 75 


22 50 


33 75 


38 25 


16 10 


23 00 


34 50 


39 10 


16 45 


28 50 


35 25 


39 95 


16 80 


24 00 


36 00 


40 80 


17 15 


24 50 


86 75 


41 65 


17 50 


25 00 


37 50 


42 50 



41 00 

42 00 

43 00 

44 00 

45 00 

46 00 

47 00 

48 00 

49 00 

50 00 



18 75 

15 00 

16 25 

17 50 

18 75 

20 00 

21 25 

22 50 

23 75 
25 00 



26 25 

27 50 

28 75 
80 00 
31 25 

82 50 

83 75 
35 00 

86 25 

87 50 



88 75 

40 00 

41 25 

42 50 

43 75 

45 00 

46 25 

47 50 

48 75 
50 00 



51 25 

52 50 
58 75 

55 00 

56 25 

57 50 

58 75 

60 00 

61 25 

62 50 



TABLE OF EXTRA TRANSLATIONS. 
EXTRA TRANSLAT!ONS-(CoNTiNUED). 



151 



NUMBER OF 


At 35 Cts. 


At 50 Cts. 


At 75 Cts. 


At 85 Cts. 


At $1.00 


At $1.25 


At $3.00 


WORDS. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


per 100. 


5100 


$17 85 


$25 50 


$38 25 


$43 35 


$51 00 


$63 75 


$102 00 


5200 


18 20 


26 00 


39 00 


44 20 


52 00 


65 00 


104 00 


5300 


18 55 


26 50 


39 75 


45 05 


53 00 


66 25 


106 00 


5400 


18 90 


27 00 


40 50 


45 90 


54 00 


67 50 


108 00 


5500 


19 25 


27 50 


41 25 


46 75 


55 00 


68 75 


110 00 


5600 


19 60 


28 00 


42 00 


47 60 


56 00 


70 00 


112 00 


5700 


19 95 


28 50 


42 75 


48 45 


57 00 


71 25 


114 00 


5800 


20 30 


29 00 


43 50 


49 30 


58 00 


72 50 


116 00 


r,900 


20 65 


29 50 


44 25 


50 15 


59 00 


73 75 


118 00 


GOOO 


21 00 


30 00 


45 00 


51 00 


60 00 


75 00 


120 00 


6100 


21 35 


30 50 


45 75 


51 85 


61 00 


76 25 


122 00 


6300 


21 70 


31 00 


46 50 


52 70 


62 00 


77 50 


124 00 


6300 


22 05 


31 50 


47 25 


53 55 


63 00 


78 75 


126 00 


6400 


22 40 


32 00 


48 00 


54 40 


64 00 


80 00 


128 00 


6500 


22 75 


32 50 


48 75 


55 25 


65 00 


81 25 


130 00 


6600 


23 10 


33 00 


49 50 


56 10 


66 00 


82 50 


132 00 


6700 


23 45 


33 50 


50 25 


56 95 


67 00 


83 75 


134 00 


6800 


23 80 


34 00 


51 00 


57 80 


68 00 


85 00 


136 00 


6900 


24 15 


34 50 


51 75 


58 65 


69 00 


86 25 


138 00 


7000 


24 50 


35 00 


52 50 


59 50 


70 00 


87 50 


140 00 


7100 


24 85 


35 50 


53 25 


60 35 


71 00 


88 75 


142 00 


7200 


25 20 


36 00 


54 00 


61 20 


72 00 


90 00 


144 00 


7800 


25 55 


36 50 


54 75 


62 05 


73 00 


91 25 


146 00 


7400 


25 90 


37 00 


55 50 


62 90 


74 00 


92 50 


148 00 


7500 


36 25 


37 50 


56 25 


63 75 


75 00 


93 75 


150 00 


7600 


2tj 60 


38 00 


57 00 


64 60 


76 00 


95 00 


152 00 


7700 


26 95 


38 50 


57 75 


65 45 


77 00 


96 25 


154 00 


7800 


27 30 


39 00 


58 50 


66 30 


78 00 


97 50 


156 00 


7900 


27 65 


39 50 


59 25 


67 15 


79 00 


98 75 


158 00 


8<»00 


28 00 


40 00 


60 00 


68 00 


80 00 


100 00 


160 00 


8100 


28 35 


40 50 


60 75 


68 85 


81 00 


101 25 


162 00 


8200 


28 70 


41 00 


61 50 


69 70 


82 00 


102 50 


164 00 


8300 


29 05 


41 50 


62 25 


70 55 


83 00 


103 75 


166 00 


8400 


29 40 


42 00 


63 00 


71 40 


84 00 


105 00 


168 00 


8500 


29 75 


42 50 


63 75 


72 25 


85 00 


106 25 


170 00 


8600 


30 10 


43 00 


64 50 


73 10 


86 00 


107 50 


172 00 


8700 


30 45 


43 50 


65 25 


73 95 


87 00 


108 75 


174 00 


8800 


30 80 


44 00 


66 00 


74 80 


88 00 


110 00 


176 00 


8900 


31 15 


44 50 


66 75 


75 65 


89 00 


111 25 


178 00 


9000 


31 50 


45 00 


67 50 


76 50 


90 00 


112 50 


180 00 


0100 


31 85 


45 50 


68 25 


77 35 


91 00 


113 75 


182 00 


9200 


32 20 


46 00 


69 00 


78 20 


92 00 


115 00 


184 00 


9300 


32 55 


46 50 


69 75 


79 05 


93 00 


116 25 


186 00 


9400 


32 90 


47 00 


70 50 


79 90 


94 00 


117 50 


188 00 


9500 


33 25 


47 50 


71 25 


80 75 


95 00 


118 75 


190 00 


9600 


33 60 


48 00 


72 00 


81 60 


96 00 


120 00 


192 00 


9700 


33 95 


48 50 


72 75 


82 45 


97 00 


121 25 


194 00 


9800 


34 30 


49 00 


73 50 


83 30 


98 00 


122 50 


196 00 


9900 


34 65 


49 50 


74 25 


84 15 


99 00 


123 75 


198 00 


10000 


35 00 


50 00 


75 00 


85 00 


100 00 


125 00 


200 00 



152 



TABLE OF DRAWINGS. 



DRAWINGS. 

(Copyrighted, 1891, Oy Mchards <£ Co., 



Table showing the requirements as to drawings in foreign countries. 



COUNTRY. 



2^0. of Drawings. 



Bristol. Tracinffs 



SIZE OF SHEETS. 



In. from 
edge. 



Argentine Republic. 

Austria 

Bahama Islands . . . 

Barbadoes 

Bel2:ium 



Bermuda 
Bolivia . 
■^Brazil . 



British Guiana 

British Honduras. . . . 

Canada 

Cape Colonj^ 

Ceylon 

Channel Islands, each 

Chin 

China Empire 

Colombia 

Congo Free Stale. . . . 

Costa Rica 

Danish West Indies . . 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Falkland Inlands 

Faroe Islands 

fiji Islands 
inland 

France 

Gambia (British) 

Germany 



Gibraltar 

Gold Coast Colony 
Great Britain . . . . 

Greece 

Grenada 

Guatemala 

Hawaii 

Hayti 

Honduras 

Hong Kong 

Iceland 

India 

Italy 



Any size. 



133/8 inches high by 8^ inches wide 

or any multiple of this size 

Any size 



13 inches high by 8)^, IQ% or 2A:% 

inches wide 

Any size 



8 inches wide by 13 inches high. 
Any size 



13 inches high by ^M, WJ4 or 24% 

inches wide 

Any size 



13 inches high by 8, or 16 inches wide 
Any size 



10 inches wide by 15 inches high. . . 
Any size 



5% inches wide by 7^ inches high 
7^ wide by llif high ; or lli| 
inches wide by 15^ inches high. 
The smallest size possible should 
be used 



none 



16- 

none 

II 

H 

none 



1 
none 



* All the drawings must be signed by the inventor in the lower right-hand corner 
above the margin line. No witnesses nor legalization required. 



TABLE OF DRAWINGS. 



15a 



DRAWINGS-CONTINUED. 

{Gopijrighted., 1S91, hy Richards <£ Co.) 



COUNTRY. 


No. of I 
Bristol. 


)rawings. 
Tracings 


SIZE OF SHEETS. 


Margin. 
In. from 

edge. 


Jamaica '. 


1 ' 

2 

"2" 



none 

"1" 
1 
t 

"{ 

2 


2 
2 

2 

" 3 " 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
1 

' 2 ' 

2 

2 
2 

2 
2 

"2" 
none 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 
2 
2 
2 
1 

1 

1 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 


Any size 




Lagos .... .... 




n 


Leeward Island 


<£ i. 


t, 


Liberia 


<< << 


it 


Luxembou i g 


<< ii 


it 


Malta 


it << 


it 


Mauritius 


ii << 


a 


Mexico 


c< t<. 


it 


Natal 


<< n 


It 


Newfoundland 


<< (( 


., 


New South Wales . . . 
New Zealand 


13 inches high by 8 or 1(5 inches wide 
Any size 


y2 


Nicaragua 






Norway 


13 inches high by i\i, \^% or 2434 
inches wide 


13 






Orange Free State . . . 
Paraffuav 


Any size 








Peru . . ; 


IC 11 


,i 


Portugal 


X <( 


,, 


Queensland 

Russia 


13 inches high by 20 or 28 wide 

Any size 


^ 


St. Helena 






St. Lucia 


a 


St. Vincent 


<< << 


it 


San Domingo. 


<£ 4< 


it 


San Salvador 


a .( 


a 


Sierra Leono 


ii it 


,i. 


S. African Republic . 


a it 


iC 


South Australia 


<< it 


(( 


Spain 


it it 


a 


Strait s Settlements . . 


it it 


i. 


Sweden 


13 inches high by 8^, 16i^ or 24^4 
inches wide ... 






U 


*Switzerland 

f Tasmania 

Trinidad 


13 inches high by 8I4, 16i^ or 243^ 

inches wide 

15 inches high by 20 inches wide 
Anv size 


IK 


Tunis 






Turkey 


it a 


,< 


Uruguay 


it it 


,. 


Venezuela 


it it 


,. 


Victoria 


13 inches high by 8 or 16 inches wide 


<f 


^Western Aiistralia... 



* See remarks in body of book. 

f Tasmania requires one copy on parchment and one on tracing cloth, and is now the 
only country requiring a drawing upon parchment. 

X Drawings are required for Western Australia only when Letters Patent are to be 
applied for. When Letters of Registration are taken, no drawings except the certified 
copies need befurnishod. 



154 

Centimetres, Inches. 



METRICAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

METRICAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 




The Frencli Metrical System Is based upon the (assumed) lengtti of the 
fourtli part of a terrestrial meridian. The ten-milllontli part of this arc was 
chosen as the unit of measures of length, and called a Metre. The cuhe of the 
tenth part of the metre Tvas adopted as the unit of capacity, and denominated 
a Litre. The weig-ht of a litre ot di.stilled water at its greatest density was 
called Vi Kilograinnie, ot which the thousandth part, or Gramme, was adopted 
as tht^ unit ot weight. The multiples of these, proceeding in decimal progression, 
are distinguished bj- the employment of the prefixes deca, hecto, Tcilo and myria, 
£rom the Greek, and the subdivisions by aeci, centi and milli, fi'om the Latin : 

Measures op Length (unit Metre). 

Equal to Inches. Feet. Yards. Fathms. MUes. 

Millimetre 0-03937.... 0-003.... 0-001.... 000. ...0-000 

Centimetre 0-39371.... 0-032.... O-OIO ... 0-005.... 0-000 

Decimetre 3-9370S.... 0-328... 0-109.... 0-054.... 0-000 

]\IETRE 39-37079.... 3-2S0.... 1-093.... 0-546 .. 0-000 

Decametre 393-70790.... 32-S08.... 10-936... 5-46S.... 0-006 

Hectometre ; 3937-07900.... 32S-0S9.... 109-363.... •'^4 -681. . ..0-062 

KUometre 39370 79000.... 32S0S99.... 1093-633.... 546-8->6. ...0621 

Myriametre 393707-90000. . . . 3-2808-991. . . .10936-^30. . . .5468-165. . , ,6-213 



Cubic, or Measures of Capacity (unit Litre). 



Equal to Cub. In. 

MUliUtre. or cubic centim. 0-06103. 

Centilitre, 10 cubic do. . . 0-61027. 

Decilitre, 100 cubic do... 6-10271. 

Litre, or cubic Decimetre 61-02705 . 

Decalii re, or Centistere . . 610-270.52 . 

Hectolitre, or Decistere.. 6102-70515 



Cub. Feet. 
... 0-000... 
... 0000... 
... 0-003... 
... 0-035... 
... 3-353... 



Pints. 

0-001.. 

0-017.. 

0-176.. 

1-760.. 
17-607.. 



Kilolitre, or Stere.. 

Myrlalitre, or Decastere . .610270 •51519 .... 353-165 .... 17607-734 . 



Gallons. 
.. 0-000. 

.. 0-002. 

.. 0-022. 

.. 0-220. 

.. 2-200. 



3-531.... 176-077.... 220(i9. 
6102705152.... 35-31H.... 1760-773.... 220-096. 



Bushls. 
. . 0-000 
.. 0-000 
.. 0-002 
.. 0-027 
. . 0-275 
.. 2-751 
.. 2T-512 
..275-120 



JIeasures of Weight (unit Gramme) 



Equal to 
Milligramme . . . 
Centigramme.. . 
Decigramme..., 

Gramme 

Decagramme. . , 



Grains. Troy oz. 

0-01.543 0-000. 

0-15432 0-000. 

1-54323 0-003. 

15-43235. 
154-32349. 



Cwt.= Tons= 
Avoir, lb. 1121b. 20cwt. 

0-000 0-000 0-000 

.... 0-000 0-000 0-000 

.... 0-000 0-000 0-000 



0-032 0002 0-000 0-000 

0-321 0-022 0-000 0-000 

Hectogramme 1543-2348S 3-215 0-220. .... .0-001 0-000 

KUOgramme 15432 34880 32-150 2-204 0-019 0-000 

Myrlagramme 154323-4SS0« 321-507 22-046 0-196 0-009 

Square, or 3*Ijeasures of Surface (unit Are). 



Equal to Sq. Feet. 

Centlare, or sq. metre lO 764299 

Are, or 100 sq. metres 1076-429934. 

Hectare, or 10,000 sq. miles. .107642-993419. 



Yards. Perchs. Roods. Acres. 

1-196.... 0-039. ..0-000 O'OOO 

, 119-603 3-953.... 0-098.... 0-024 

.11960-332. . . .395-382. , . .9-884. . . ,2-471 



TABLE FOE CONYERTING METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 




1= 1-094 
2= 2-187 



3= 3-281 

4= 4-374 

5= 5-468 

6= 6-562 

7= 7-6.-5 

8- 8-749 

9= 9-843 

10= 10-936 

20= 21-873 

30= 32-809 

40= 43 745 

50= 54-682 

60= 65-618 

70= 76-554 

80= 87-491 

90= 98 427 

100=109-363 

200=218-727 

300=328-090 

400=437 453 

500=546-816 



Kilometre; 
miles and ; 

1= 

2= 1 

3= 

4= 

5= 

6= 

7= 

8= 

9= 

10= 6 

20= 12 

30= 18 

40= 24 

50= 31 

60= 37 

70= 43 

80= 49 

90= 55 

100= 62 

200=124 

300=186 

400=248 

500=310 



1094 
427 
1521; 

855' 

ISS! 

1282! 
615 
17091 

1043; 

376 
753 
1129 
15n5 
122 
498 
874 
1251 
1627 
243 
487 
730 
973 
1217 



Litres into gal- 
lons and qua 



1 = 

2= 
3= 
4= 

5 = 
6= 

8= 
9= 

10= 



0-SSO 
1-761 
2-641 

3-521 

1 0-402 
1 i-282 
1 2-163 
1 3-043 

1 3-923 

2 0-804 
20= 4 1-608 
30= 6 2-412 
40= 8 3-215 
50= 11 0-019 
60= 13 0-823 
70= 15 1-627 
80= 17 2-431 
90= 19 3-325 

100= 22 0-039 
200= 44 0077 
300= 66 0-116 
400= 88 0-155 
500=110 0-193 



1= 
2 = 
3= 
4= 
5= 
6= 
7= 
8= 
9= 
10= 



30= 10 
40= 13 
50= 17 
60= 20 
70= 24 
80= 27 
90= 30 
100= 34 
200= 68 
300=103 
400=137 
.500=171 



a into 

buslis. 

2-751 

5-502 

0-254 

3-005 

5-756 

0-50' 

3-258 

6 010 

0-761 

3-512 

7-024 

2-536 

6-048 

l-5i 

5-072 

0-585J 

4 097 



KilogrammeK into 



lb. oz. 



1=0 2 

2=0 4 

3=0 6 

4=0 8 

5=0 11 

6=0 13 

7=0 15 

8=0 17 lOj 

9=0 19 13f 
10=0 22 0; 
20=0 1 16 
30=0 2 10 
40=0 3 4 
60=0 3 26 
60=1 20 
70=1 1 14 
8n=l 2 
90=1 3 2 
100=1 3 24 



Hectares into 
acres r. p 

1= 2 1 3i 



4 3 31 
7 1 26 
9 3 22 

12 1 17 
14 3 12 
17 1 8 
19 3 3 
22 38 
24 2 34 
49 1 28 
74 21 
98 3 15 
123 2 9 
60= 148 1 3 
70= 172 3 37 
80= 197 2 38 
e^l 90= 222 1 24 
7 il00= 247 18 
200=3 3 20 15 ^200= 494 37 
300=5 3 17 6 ,300= 741 1 15 
400=7 3 13 14 i400= 988 1 33 
500=9 3 10 5 ,500=1235 2 11 



7= 

8= 

9= 

10= 

H 20= 

2^ 30= 

3 40= 

3^ 50= 

4^ 



8 6 



From vniitalcer^s AlraanacTc, 1891. 



155 



OS 









"II 



•3SS 



z s^l 

LJ ^ cp^S 

III '^- 1" " ^ <^ 

2 t . S3 1=! 



s; 



02 fc. t>. 

P^ d 
•d o cs 



la 






1 


Nov. 6 to 
Nov. 12 
Dec. 1 




Ill 


Is « 

m 




i 2s« 


§s2 


jSsS 


!?"S 




NOVEM 

Oct. « 
Oct. 
Nov 


I2sg 




b|g 
















^0=5; 


























5 a^o 


l^a i l^a 


o^o 




^ 72 


tB 1 02 






September 

Aug. 7 to 
Aug. 13 
Sept. 1 




2«« 


lit 


^^" %<^ 


1 ist 


h^ 5ss|S-^ 












o o o 1 _ 






^2^- :§^ :c53|3.« 






^§t ^1- "t- 

3^»-8 r^Hj^, ^'-=^9 
t^ l-S 1-5 


ttl 




•-5 


ill Si Si 

g^;i-s ^'^►"9 g'^Hi 








o o 


O 1 






t^>^ "S2 


:?S2 


s-§ 




Pill 


1^^ 


IS« 




s fs- !s2; 


O r-t 


i=:s 




Apr 

Mar.l 
Mar. 
Apri 

Mar. 2 
Mar. 
April 








G e='-< . CO'-""' 


SsS 


|»S 233 


Mar 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar 






i^l III 


« S^eo 


2.0 2o.t, 


f-^ 


Febru 

Jan, S 
Jan. 
Feb 


"2. a ,Q "^ a ,£3 




a c3 0) a cj <B 


^^fH c^^PH 




Ss« 


2^w 2 o 2 i> 

oS^ «5'-^<N t!<»<M 


||l 


5|l 


dig aifll 




^ 






















S m 


is 2 
-d 5 




v3 a 
•d 5 




<£5 ® 
•d ^ 


d U 






1 - 


•S iS 


3 w 


•a .2 


'3 .22 










P. -H 


a< ^ 




























S ^ 


^ ^ 


g ^ 


i ^ 


i ^ 
















-3 ^ 


— a 


^ a 


—I a 












5 rt 




a -g 


.S ^ i .3 ^ 


3 ^ 




s^ P- 




^ (^ 




tq 0. 


1 


Ph C- 




f:^ p. 


' 





M 




o 






o 






D 














r 




1 


ill 


SS2 

ill 




1^1 






P3 
S 

1 


III 








^11 




P3 


s^- 


1"- 


is2 






























isi 






^ 


l^o 


n^^^ 


CD i^O 








73 


72 


cc 






Pi 


■"CO to 


f-2 


l;s 


i«,^ 






















bia « 


tia P^ 


bcS"» 








a<5«» 


^<^ 


^'^«5^ 


«'"'* 






1 
<1 


3^N 


S^a> 


3ooCO 


^S 


?-§ 




m 














o 


o 


o 










:^2«« 






ii-g 






^ 


»_<?».-l 








^ 
& 


1-3 


2Sb 


'^?^^ 


>.iM^ 






►-5 


SS.A 


^^^ 


'S^S 






H 


CO'-' ^.^ 




S-« 


ill 








III 




Pi 




(M 
0) 
00 

t- 








' ■ 1 




23„ 


ill 






'It 




3 


2^„ 


fs2 


2^® 


2^§ 










^11 








^ 




m 


1^%^ 






u 




2,00 


SsS 


^8 


2g§5 








|l| 


iM 


in 








2^^ SooCO 


!'S 








Jan. 1 
Jan. 
Feb. 

Jan. 2 
Jan. 
Feb. 












2^« 

ill 


2^« 


III 








E 
























£ 










o 
















o 








d m 


S w 


-d m 


S § 


•53 M 






•S .2 


Is .2 


"3 £2 


■3 S 


"S .X 






» =i 




a. jn 


p, - 






















i ^ 


^ ^ 


g ^ 


^ ^ 


g ^ 












<« *s 






















1 § 


a -H 


1 § 


1 § 


a -g 






f^ 


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1 


!=■ 


d, 


' 


f^ 


Ph 


) 


fe 


PU 


1 


f^ 


Ph 


1 



156 



TABLE OF 200- YEAR CALEXDAR. 



200-YEAR CALENDAR. 

For ascertaining Any Day of the Week for any given time within Two Hundred 
Years from the introduction of the Xew Style, 1752 •[ to 1952 inclusive. 



Tears iToS to 1952. 


1 

4 
5 
6 
2 
3 

1 


43 

7 
1 
2 
5 
6 
3 
4 


a 
7 
1 
2 
6 
6 
3 
4 


^1 
3 

4 

5 

1 

2 

6 

T 


1 

5* 

6 

T 

3 

4 

1 

2 


1 
2 
3 
6 
T 
4 
5 


s 

>-i 

3 
4 
5 
1 
2 
6 
T 


to 

< 


1 ^ 

1:^ 


l4 
_ 

5 
6 

2 

3 

1 


il 
!t 

1 
2 
5 
6 
3 
4 


1 


1761 
1801 

1762 
1802 

1757 
1803 


1767 

1807 

1773 
1813 

1763 

1814 

1765 

1811 

1766 

1817 

1769" 

1815 

1759 

1821 


1778 
1818 

1779 
1819 

1774 
1825 

1771 
1822 

1777 
1823 

1775 

1826 

Ttto" 
1827 


|17S9 

1829 

i 1790 
1830 

1 

■ 17S5 
1831 

1 

I 17S2 , 

1833 

17S3 
1834 

1786 
1837 
I 

1781 i 
1838| 


1795 

1835 
1841 

17&1 

1842 

1793 

1839 

1794 
1845 

1797 
1843 

1787 
1849 


1846 
1847 
1853 

1799 

1850 

1901 
ISOO 

1851 

19U2 

1854 

1905 
1798 

1855 


1857 

1903 

1858 

1909 

1859 

1910 

1861 

1907 

1862 

1918 

1865 

1911 

1866 

1906 


1863 

1914 

1869 

1915 

1870 

1921 

1867 

191S 

1873 

1919 

1871 

1922 

1877 

1917 


1874 

1925 

1875 

1926 

1881 

1927 


1885 

1931 

1886 

1937 

1887 

1938 

1889 

1935 

1890 

1941 

1893 

1939 

1894 

1934 


1 * 

1891 

1942 

1897 

1943 

1898 

1949 

1895 

, 194tJ 
1947 

1899 

1950 

1900 

1945 


6 
7 
1 
4 
5 
2 
3 


2 
3 
4 
7 
1 
5 
6 


2 

1 ^ 
4 


1754 
1805 

1755 

1806 

175S 

1809 

1753 

1810 


1878 

1929 

1879 

1930 

1882 

1933 

1883 

192 ji 


T 

7 

5 
6 


LEAP YEARS. 




29 


6 1 4 




1764 


1792 


1804 1832 1860 1888 


1928 7 


3 


4 


7 


2 


5 


7 


3 


6 


1768 


1796 


1808 


1836 1864 1892 1904 


1932 3 


1 
6 
4 
2 


2 
T 
5 
3 


5 
3 

1 
6 


7 
5 
3 
1 


3 

1 
6 
4 


5 
3 

1 
6 


1 
6 

4 
2 


4 6 2 
2 4 7 


4 


1772 




1812 


1840 1 1868 1896 


1908 


1936 


' 


2 


1776 




1816 


1844 1872 .. 1 1912 


1940 


1 
6 


T 
5 


2 
7 


5 
3 ; 

1 ' 


7 


1780 




1820 


1848 1876 




1916 


1944 


5 


1756 


1784 


1824 


1852 1880 




1920 


1948 


4 
2 


7 
5 


1 
6 


4 
2 


«l 


2 


4l 


7 


3 


5 


3 


1760 


1788 


1828 


1856 J 1884 




1924 


1952 


4 


' 1 


2 


5 


1 


M 


6 


1 



Note.— To ascer- 
tain any day ol ttie 
week, tirst look in 
the table for the 
year required, and 
under the months 
are figures which 
refer to the corres- 
ponding flgm-es at 
the head of the 
columns of days 
below. For Ex- 
ample :— To know 
on what day of the 
week May 4 fell in 
the year 1S91, m 
the table of years 
look for 1S91, and 
in a parallel line, 
under May, is flg. 
5, which directs to 
col. 5, In which it 
will be seen that 
May 4 fell on Mon- 
day. 

^1752 same as 1772 
from Jan. l to Sept. 
2. From Sept. 14 to 
Dec. 31 same as 1780 
(Sept. 3 — 13 were 
omitted). 



3 



6 



Monday 1 Tuesday iWednesd. l Thursday 1 
Tuesday 2 Wednesd. 2 Thursday 2 Friday 2 
Wednes. 3 Thursday 3 Friday ' 3 Saturday 3 
Thursday 4 Friday 4 satm-day 4 Sunaaij 4 
Friday 5 SsiturdSLj 5 S u ncJay ojMonday 5 
Saturday 6 Sunaaij 6 Monday 6iTuesdav 6 
Sunciay 7 Monday 7 Tuesday 7 Wednesd. 7 
Monday 8 Tuesday S Wednesd. SlThui-sday S 
Tuesday 9 Wednesd. 9 Thui-sday 9,Fridav 9 
Wednes. 10 Thursda. 10 Friday lOiSaturdaylO 
Thursda. 11 Friday ll Satiu-dayll|5'w/?c?fl?/ li 
Friday 12 Saturdayl2 .Sw/(fZa?/ l2^Monday 12 
-<aturdayl3 .S'?(Hc?a!/ 13 Monday iSTuesday 13 
Su/ulaij 14 Monday 14 Tuesday 14, Wednes. 14 
Monday 15 Tuesday I5l Wednes. iSThursda 15' 
Tuesday 16 Wednes. l6'Thursda.l6;Fndav 16 
Wednes. 17 Thursda. 17; Friday I7!saturdayl7 
Thursda. IS Friday iS'^aturdajlSSunaay is 
Friday 19 Saturday 19 S^/irZa 2/ i9MonlaY 19 
Saturday 20 SuucJai/ 20 Monday 20 TuesdaV 20 
Sunamj 21 Monday 21 Tuesday 21 Wednes. 21 
Monday 22 Tuesday 22 Wednes. 22 Thursda. 22 
Tuesday 23 Wednes. 23 Thursda. 23 Friday 23 
Wednes. 24 Thursda. 24 Friday 24 Satiu'day24 
Thiusda. 25 Friday 25 Saturday 25 .?«»(?«?/ 25 
Friday 26 Saturday 26 S?«i(?a?/ 26 Monday 26 
? ■\t\ir6ay 27 Sumlaij 27 Monday 27 Tuesday 2: 
Sunday 2S Monday 28 Tuesday 2S Wednes. 2S 
Monday 29 Tuesday 29 Wednes. 29 Thiu^da,29 
Tuesday 30 Wednes. 30 Thursda. 30 Friday 30 
Wednes. 31 Thursda. 31 Friday 3llSaturdav3l 



Friday 1 Saturday iSuiuiay 1 
Saturday 2Si(naay 2 Monday 2 
Sunday 3Monday STuesday 3 
Monday* 4Tuesda}- 4Wednesd.4 
Tuesday 5 Wednes. 5 Thursday 5 
Wednesd. 6 Thursday 6'Frlday & 
Thursday 7 Friday 7 Saturday 7 
Friday 8 Saturday S\Su7iday 8 
Saturday 9 Sunday 9Monday 9 
Sunday lO^Tonday lOTuesdaV 10 
Monday 11 Tuesday ll'Wednes. 11 
Tuesday 12 Wednes. l2iThursda.l2 
Wednes. 13 Thursda. ih Friday 13 
Thursda. 14 Friday 14Saturdayl4 
Friday 15 Saturday 15. S'l/ufZoj/" 15 
Saturday 16 .S';o(f?a 2/ 16 Monday 16 
Sunday 17 Monday 17 Tuesday 17 
Monday is Tuesday 18 Wednes. is 
Tuesday 19 Wednes. IP Thursda. 19 
Wednes. 20 Thursda. 20 Friday 20 
Thursda. 21 Friday 2lSaturday2l 
Friday 22 Saturday 22 Suttday' 22 
Saturday23.'?'«*doi/ 23 Monday 23 
SiincJay 24 Monday 24Tuesday 24 
Monday 25 Tuesday 25 Wednes. 25 
Tuesday 26 Wednes. 26 Thursda. 26 
Wednes. 27 Thursda. 27 Friday 27 
Thursda. 2< Friday 28 Saturday 28 
Friday 29 Saturday 29 S?/»f?fl?/ 29 
Saturdaj 30 Sunday 30 Monday 30 
Sunday 3l.Monday 31 Tuesday 31 



Froni ^^T(Uak'er's Almanack, 1S91. 



CALENDARS AND THERMOMETERS. 



157 



GREEK AND RUSSIAN 
CALENDAR. 



■Old Style. 

•Jan. 



A.D. 1891, A.M. 7399-8000. 



Ckrtain Holy Days. 



Nkw Style. 

Jan. 13 



1 Circumcision 

6 Theophany (Epiphany) " IS 

" 20 First Sunday of the Triodion Feb. 1 

" 27 Sunday of the Carnival " 8 

" 30 First Day of Lent " 11 

Peb. 2 Hypapante " 14 

' ' 10 Orthodox Sunday " 22 

]VIar. 2 Accession of Emperor* Mar. 14 

" 10 Palm Sunday " 22 

" 15 Great Friday {Good Friday). . " 27 

" 17 Holy Pasch {Easter Day) " 29 

" 25 Annunciation of TheotoTcos. . . Apr. 6 

Apr. 23 St. George May 5 



" 25 Ascension 

May 5 Pentecost {Whit Sunday) 

" 6 All Saints 

" 12 First Day of Fast of Apostles. 

" 15 Coronation of Emperor* .... 

June 29 Peter and Paul,Chief Apostles July 1 

Aug. 1 First Day of Fast of Theotokos Aug. 13 

" 6 Transfiguration " 18 

" 15 Repose of Theotolcos " 27 

" 30 St. Alexander Xevslcy* Sept. 11 

Sept. 8 Nativity of ITieotoTcos " 20 

■" 14 Exaltation of the Cross " 26 

Oct. 1 Patronage of Theotolcos Oct. 13 

Kov. 15 IstOayof Fast of Nat. of Christ Nov. 27 

' 21 Entrance of Theotolcos Dec. 3 

Dec. 9 Conception of Theotolcos " 21 

" 25 Nativity {Christmas) 1S92 Jan. 6 

* Peculiar to Russia. 



MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR. 

(1308-1309.) 

Year. Name of Montli. Month Begins. 

1308 Jornada II January 12 

Eajab February lo 

" Shaaban March 12 

" Ramadan April 10 

" Sliawall '. May 10 

" Dulkaada June s 

" Dulbeggia July 8 

1309 IMuharram . . 1309 August T 

Saphar September 6 

" Eablal , October 5 

" RabiaH November 4 

" Jornada I .December 3 

From Whitaker' 



+ ^ 



THERMOMETER. 

Comparison between Scales of Fahren- 
beii, Reaumur and the Centigrade. 



+ ^ 



fe II 
o 



t g 



o ^ g 

'^ o bib 

" a a 

II s ^ 



o* ^ u 
II g ^ 

i §1 



be k " 
3 s - 

O O! J2 

n a <x> 

O r=* ^ 
n ^ r=* 
II W ^ 

O ^ ^ 

o bo OJ 
II -^ ^ 

P^ 2 -^ 

(JJ .-H O •• 

"^ ii 1^ i=> 
"lis 

^fe II i 
l|2| 

CI bo 
« <V 

O -a 



Cent. Fah't Rmr. Cent. Fah't Rmr 



lOOB. 
99 



212B 
210-2 
208-4 
206-6 



201-2 
199 4 
197-6 

195-8 

194 

192-2 

190-4 

188-6 

186-8 

185 

183-2 

181-4 

179-6 

177-8 

176 

174-2 

172-4 

170-6 



167 
165-2 
163-4 
161-6 



158 

156-2 

154-4 

152-6 

150-8 

149 

147-2 

145-4 

143-6 

141-8 



140 
138 2 
136-4 
134-6 

132-8 



131 

129-2 

127-4 

125-6 

123-8 



122 

120-2 

118-4 

116-6 

114-8 



113 
111-2 
109-4 
107-6 
105 8 



104 
102-2 
100-4 
98-6 
96-8 



95 
ii3'2 
91-4 
89-6 

87-8 



84-2 
82-4 
80-6 

78-8 



8UB. 
79 



29-6 

28-8 



27-2 

26-4 

25-6 

24-8 

24 

23 2 

22-4 

21-6 



Zero 

1 



77 
75-2 
73-4 
716 
69 -S 



66-2 
64-4 
li2-6 



59 

57-2 

55.4 

53-6 

51-8 

50 

48-2 

46-4 

446 



41 



37-4 
356 



30-2 
28-4 
26-6 
24-s 
23 
21-2 
19-4 
17-6 
15-8 
14 
12-2 
10 4 
8-6 



2-2 
4 

5-8 
7-6 
9-4 
11-2 
13 
14-8 
16 6 
18-4 
20-2 
22 
23-8 
25-6 
27-4 
29-2 
31 
82 -S 
34-6 
36-4 



45-4 
47-2 



50-8 
52-6 
54-4 



Almanack, 1891. 



158 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



UNiroRMiTY.— One of the laws promulgated 
by King Edgar decreed that there should be 
but one Standard Measure, that kept at Win- 
chester, and by the 27th section of Magna 
Charta there was to be one Weight for all Eng- 
land. But no effort appears to have been made 
to render this compulsory; consequently nu- 
merous customary weights and measures con- 
tinued in use. Laws were from time to time 
promulgated, but custom was stronger than 
law, especially with regard to land, corn, and 
wool. In 1824, however, an Act was passed ren- 
dering uniformity compulsory. This came into 
force on 1st of January, 1826, since which time 
the Imperial Statute System of WeigUtS and 
Measures has been in general use. 

Avoirdupois?;Weiglit. 

Drachm. ...ar. = 27^ grains (27-34375), 

Ounce oz, = 16 drachms, 437'.5 grains. 

Pound .... Z?). = 16 oz., 256 dr., 7,000 grains. 

Stone st.,= Butcher's Meat, &c. = 8 lbs. 

Stone St. = Horseman's weight = 14 lbs. 

Quarter .... QV. = 28 lbs. 
Cental or Quintal, cent. = 100 lbs. 
Hundredweight, cwt. = 4 qrs., 112 lbs. 
Ton 3'. = 20 cwt., 2.240 lbs. 

Avoirdupois weight is used in almost all com- 
mercial transactions and common dealings, but 
in addition to the above there are special 
weights for various articles, the chief of which 
are:— 

A QuarternLoaf , , i = 4 lbs. 

A Peck of Flour, 2 Gallons = 14 " 

A Firkin of Butter = 56 " 

A Firkin of Soft Soap = 64 " 

A Box of Fish, about = 90 " 

A Barrel of Gunpowder = 100 " 

A Barrel of Raisins = 112 " 

A Seam of Glass, 24 stones of 5 lbs. . = 120 " 

A Barrel of Butter— 4 firkins = 224 " 

A Barrel (or pack) of Soft Soap = 256 " 

A Faggot of Steel = 120 " 

A Pig of Ballast = 56 " 

A Fodder of Lead, London and Hull = 19)^cwt. 
A do. Derby=22><f cwt. ; Newcastle = 21M " 

A Cask of Blacklead = 11^^ " 

A Sack— Potatoes, 168 lbs. ; Flour, 280 lbs. ; 

Coals, 224 lbs ; a ton of Coals, 10 sacks, 2,240 

lbs. 

The Metrical system of weights is used in 
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, 
Spain, Sweden and Norway, and some other 
countries, the unit of which is the Gramme= 
15'432 grains ; the chief multiple of the Gramme 
is the Kilograrn'me=^2'2046 lbs; in practical use 
this is found inconvenient for small purchases, 
and nearly all commodities are sold by the demi 
or half kilo. The Centner of .50 kilos= 11034 lbs., 
very nearly represents the English cwt. ; but 
heavy goods are sold by the Tonneau of 2204-621 
lbs., about 19 cwt. 7 lbs., the Myriagramme be- 
ing ignored. 

In the United States and in Canada the cwt. 
is generally reckoned as 100 lbs., and the ton of 
20 cwt. =2,000 lbs. 

In Russia the PooCi of 36 lbs. is the commercial 
weight ; 63 Poods =1 EngUsh ton. 

Indian Weights (Bengal). 

Tola, unit of postage=180 grains. 
Chittak=5 Tolas; Seer (16 Chittaks)=2 2.^ lbs. 
Imperial or Indian Maund=82a. lbs, 

Madras. 

Viss=3-09 lbs., Maund=25 lbs., Candy=500 lbs. 



Troy Weight. 

Carat . . . . i > . . w = 3.17 grains. 

Pennyweight . ,.dwt. — 24 grains. 

Ounce oz. = 20 dwts.,480 grs. 

Pound /<5. = 12 oz., 240 dwts., 5,760 grs. 

Hundredweight, cwz", = 100 lbs. 

Troy is the weight used by goldsmiths and 
jewelers. The grains Troy, Apothecaries and 
Avoirdupois are equal, and the same in England, 
France, the United States, Holland, and in most 
other countries : but the carat varies ; in France 
it is 3-18 grains ; in Holland, 3-0 grains, and in the 
U. S., 3-2 grains. The jewelry ounce is divided 
into 1513^ carats or 600 pearl grains. 

The oz. Troy and Apothecaries — 1-09714 oz. 
Avoirdupois ; but the lb. Troy and lb. Apothe- 
caries = only 0-82286 lb. Avoirdupois; while 175 
lb. Troy and Apothecaries = 144 lb. Avoirdu- 
pois. 

Standard gold consists of 22 parts pure gold 
alloyed with 2 parts of copper or other metal» 
and according to the quantity of alloy is called 
9, 12, 15 or 18 carat, i. e., that number of parts of 
pure gold out of the twenty-four. Standard 
silver is of fineness 11 oz. 2 dwt. fine to 18 dwt. 
aUoy ; there is also another obsolete legal stand- 
ard, the Britannia, of 11 OZ.- 10 dwt. fine. One 
lb. of silver is coined into 66 shillings. 

Apothecaries' Weight. 

Scruple 3 = 20 Grains = 20 grs. 

Drachm 3=3 Scruples = 60 " 

Ounce I = SDrachms = 480 " 

Pound lb =12 Ounces = 5760 " 

The avoirdupois oz. of 437^^ grains, and the 
lb. of 7,000 grains, are the weights named in the 
British Pharmacopoeia; drugs are purchased 
by Avoirdupois, but compounded by Apothe- 
caries' weight. The Apothecary's oz. and lb. 
may now be considered obsolete. 

Hay and Straw. 

Truss of Straw, 36 lbs. 
Truss of Old Hay, 56 lbs. 
Truss of New Hay (to September 1st), 60 lbs. 
Load, 36 Trusses— Straw, 11 cwt. 2 qrs. 8 lbs.; 
Old Hay, 18 cwt.; New Hay, 19 cwt. 1 qr. 4 lbs. 

Wool. 

Clove, cl. = 7 lbs. 

Stone, St. = 2 cloves, 14 lbs. 

Tod, td. - 2 Stones 1 qr. 

Wey, -wy. = &% Tod 1 cwt. 2 qrs. 14 lbs. 

Pack, pk. = 240 lbs. 

Sack, sk. = 2 Weys 13 qrs. 

Last, la. = 12 Sacks 39 cwt. 

Since the advent of Shoddy, some of the 
above weights have become nearly obsolete, 
although the terms are still in use with differ- 
ent values : thus 16 lbs, = 1 St.; 28 lbs. = 1 Tod; 
20 lbs. = 1 Score ; 12 Score or 240 lbs. = 1 Pack. 

Cotton Wool. 

Cotton Wool, bale variable; U. S. A. and 
Egyptian, about 450 lbs.; East Indian, 380 lbs., 
Brazil, 180 lbs. 

Cotton Yarn. 

Skein, skn. = 120 Yards, 

Hank, kk. = 7 Skeins. 

Spindle, s^di. - 18 Hanks. 

Bundle Hanks to the weight of 10 lbs. 

Reels of Cotton vary from 30 to 1,760 yards, 
but by the new act must be marked correctly. 
Balls of Cotton are chiefly made up for export, 
and are of all weights. 



From WhitaTcer''s Almanack, 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



159 



Liquid Measure. 

The Gill contains 8"665 cubic Inches. 
The Pint contains 4 gills or 34*660 inches. 
Quart=3 plnts=8 gills. 

Gallon=4 Quarts=32 gills. Gals. Qts. Pts. 

- 36 72 



144 



Firkin or Quarter Barrel 9 

Anker (10 gallons) 10 40 

Kilderkin, Rundlet, or y^ Barrel. 18 72 

Barrel 36 144 288 

Tierce (43 gallons) 42 168 336 

Hogshead of Ale (11^ *)arrel) 54 216 433 

Puncheon 72 288 .576 

Butt of Ale (3 barrels) 108 433 864 

Practically, the only measures in use are gal- 
lons, quarts, pints and gills, the others arc 
merely nominal ; e. g., the hogshead of 54 gal- 
lons, old measure, contains but 53 gallons, 
1 quart, 1 pint, and 3*55 gills imperial measure, 
and of wine six nominal quart bottles go to the 
gallon. Of wines imported in casks the follow- 
ing are the usual measurements : — 

Pipe of Port or Masdeu =415 g-allo ns 

" Teneriflfe = 100 

" Marsala = 93 

" Madeira and Cape = 93 " 

Butt of Lisbon and Bucellas = 117 

" Sherry and Tent = 108 

Aum of Hock and Rhenish = 30 " 

Hogshead of Claret = 46 

In the United States the old British or " Win- 
chester" wine gallon of 231 cubic inches is in 
use ; the names of measures are the same, but 
the capacity of the gill is only 7'21875 cubic 
inches. 

Apothecaries' Fluid Measure. Marked 

60 Minims ni (drops) = 1 Fluid Drachm f z 

8 Drachms =1 Ounce f ! 

20 Ounces = 1 Pint O 

8 Pints =1 Gallon C, or Cong. 

1 Drachm =1 Tea-spoonful. 1 Prescribing meal- 

3 Drachms=lDessert-spnful I cine by the spoon, 

4 Drachms=l Table-spnful. }■ glass, or cupful, 
3 Ounces =1 Wine glassful. I is unsafe, as all 
3 Ounces =1 Teacupful. J tJwse vessels vary 
in size. Graduated glass measures may be pur- 
chased/or a few pence, and one should be found 
in every house. 

Dry or Corn Measure. 

Quart.. = 3 Pints. Strike... = 3 Bushels. 
Pottle.. = 3 Quarts, Coomb.. = 4 Bushels. 
Gallon.. = 4 Quarts. Quarter. = 8 Bushels. 

Peck. ... = 2 Gallons. Load =5 Quarters. 

Bushel.. = 4 Pecks. Last =10 Quarters. 

Boll of Meal = 140 lb.; 2 Bolls = 1 Sack. 

Wheat and other cereals are commonly sold 
by weight, the bushel being thus reckoned :— 

Wheat, English, 63 lbs. Foreign, 62 lbs. 

Barley, English, 52 and 56 lbs. French, 52^^ 
lbs. Mediterranean, 50 lbs. 

Oats, English, 40 and 42 lbs. Foreign, 38 and 40 
lbs. 

Rye and maize, 60 lbs. 

Buckwheat, 53 lbs. to the bushel. 

Grain of all kinds is frequently sold by the 
stone of 14 lbs. 

Coals were formerly sold by measure: 3 
heaped bushels = 1 sack, 12 sacks = 1 chaldron. 
Coke, apples, potatoes, and some other goods 
are still sold by heaped measures and the sack 
of three bushels ; of coke, four bushels are com- 
monly given. 

Fruit.— The Covent Garden bushel basket is 
TUM inches in diameter at top, 10 inches at the 
bottom, and is 10 inches deep. The smaller mar- 
ket baskets are said to vary in size according to 
the season and the supply. 



Cubic foot 



Cubic or Solid Measure. 

1,728 Cubic Inches. 



Cubic Yard. ... =27 Cubic Feet, 21 -023 bushels. 
Stack of Wood = 108 Cubic Feet. 
Shipping Ton.. = 40 Cubic Feet merchandise. 
Shipping Ton. . = 43 Cubic Feet of Timber 
Ton of displacement of a Ship=35 Cubic Feet. 

Measures of Length. 

Inch, in =73 Points, or 12 Lines. 

Nail, ^1^ =2^ Inches. 

Palm =3 Inches. 

Hand = 4 Inches. 

Link =7-93 Inches. 

Quarter (or a Span) = 9 Inches. 

Foot =12 Inches. 

Cubit =18 Inches. 

Yard =36 Inches. 

Pace, Military =2 Feet 6 Inches. 

Pace, Geometrical. = 5 Feet. 

Fathom =6 Feet. 

Rod, Pole, or Perch. = 5}4 Y ards. 

Chain (100 Links). . . = 23 Yards (4 Poles). 

Cable's Length = 130 Fathoms, 730 Feet. 

Furlong = 40 Rods, 320 Yards. 

Mile =8 Furlongs. 80 Chains, 320 

Rods, 1,760 Yards, 5,280 Feet, 63,360 Inches. 

Mile Geographical, or Nautical Knot = 6,082-66. 

Feet. 
Admiralty Knot or Nautical Mile, 6,080 Feet = 

1*151 Mile Statute Degree. 
League = 3 Miles. 
Degree = 60 Geographical, or 69'131 Statute 

Miles. 

Although no longer sold by that measure 
Calicos, &c., are sometimes said to be " EIL 
wide"— the English Ell being 1^4 yards, the 
Flemish Ell % yard, and the French Ell 1}4 yard. 

The old Scottish Mile was 5,930 feet ; ten Scots 
Miles being about equal to 11^ Statute Miles. 
Eleven Irish Miles were equal to 14 Statute 
Miles. 

Square, Surface, or Land Measure. 

The Square Foot contains 144 Square Inches. 

Yard = 9 feet = 1,396 inches. 

Rod, Pole, or Perch = 3034 yards = 273^4 feet. 

Chain = 16 rods = 484 yards = 4,356 feet. 

Rood = 40 rods = 1,310 yards = 10,890 feet. 

Acre = 4 roods = 160 rods = 4,840 yards. 

Yard of Land = 30 acres = 130 roods. 

Hide = 100 acres = 400 roods. 

Mile = 640 acres = 3,560 roods = 6,400 chains 

= 103,400 rods, poles or perches, or 3,097,600 

square yards. 

A Square Acre roughly stated has four equal 

sides of 69><^ j^ards: accurate measurement 

gives each side 208'71 feet. 
The sides of a square half -acre would be 147*581 

feet, and of a square quarter-acre,104"355feet. 

The above Imperial Measure is now employed 
in the United Kingdom, in Canada, Australia, 
and the Colonies generally, also in the United 
States; but occasionally some older measure- 
ments are referred to, of these— 

The Lancashire Acre of 160 perches, each con- 
taining 49 square yards = 7,840 square yards. 

The Cheshire Acre of 160 perches, each con- 
taining 64 square yards = 10,340 square yards. 

The Irish Acre, equal to 1*619835 Statute ; or 
1 Statute equal to 0*617347 Irish. 

The Cunningham Acre, equal to 1*391333 Stat- 
ute; or 1 Statute Acre is equal to 0*7744 Cun- 
ningham. 

The Scottish Acre = 1*261183 statute (nearly 
6,104 square yards.) 

Measures of Time. 

60 Seconds =1 Minute. 

60 Minutes =1 Hour. 

34 Hours (33/i. 56m. 4s.).. =1 Day. 



From WhitaJcer's AlmanacJc, 1891. 



160 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



7 Days = 1 Week. 

28 Days =1 Luuar Month. 

28, 29, 30, or 31 Days =1 Calendar Month. 

12 Calendar Months =1 Year. 

365ki Days = 1 Common Tear. 

366 Daj'S =1 Leap Year. 

The Astronomical Day commences at noon, 
.and is computed from 1 to 24 hours. 

In 400 yeai-s 97 are Leap-years and 303 common. 
Angular Measure. 

CO Seconds " =1 Minute. 

m Minutes' =1 Degree. 

30 Degrees" =1 Sign. 

90 Degrees =1 Quadrant. 

4 Quadrants, or 360° =1 Circumference, 

or Great Circle. 

The Earth moves at a velocity of 15 degrees 
Jin hour, about 17'366 miles a minute; 1° is 
therefore equal to 4 minutes. 

Circular Measure. 

The Diameter is a straight line passing 
through the centre from opposite parts of the 
Circumference, or perimeter. 

The Radius is half the Diameter, or a Straight 
lino from the centre to the Circumference. 

The Diameter is to the Circumference about 
as 7 is to 22, or more nearly as 1 is to 3"1416. 

The Diameter x 3-1416 gives the Circumfer- 
cn?e. 

The Radius squared x 3'1416 gives the Area. 

The Diameter squared x 3'1416 gives the Area 
of a S jhere or Globe. 

One sixth of the Cube of the Diameter x 
3-141(3 gives the Solidity of a Sphere. 

A Circular Acre is 235-504 feet, a Cu-cular 
Rood 117-752 feet in diameter. The Circumf er- 
<nee of the Globe is about 24,855 miles, and the 
Diameter about 7,900 mUes. 

Timber and Wood. 
40 cubic feet rough, 50 cubic feet squared = 1 
load. 

50 cubic feet of planks = 1 load, 
100 superficial feet = 1 square of flooring. 
1 Deals = 100. 
AViUh of Batten?, 7 inches; Deals, 9 inches; 

Planks are 2 to 4 inches thick, and 10 or 11 

inches wide. 
Carpenters', Bricklayers' and Builders' 
Measurements. 
Stock or kiln bricks. ... 8M inches X 4^^ X 2M 

AVelsh fire-bricks 9 " X 4J^ X 2M 

Taving bricks 9 " xi%XlH 

Square tiles 9% " X 9% x 1 

6 " X 6 XI 

Dutch clinker bricks.... 9^4 " X 3 x 1^^ 

A rod of Brickwork 16)4 feet x 16)4 feet x 
1}4 brick thick = 306 cubic feet, or 11^^ cubic 
yards, and contains about 4,500 bricks Avith 
about 75 cubic feet of mortar. 

From WTiitalcer' 



A Square of Flooring is 100 square feet. 

Ordinary bricks weigh about 7 lbs. each ; a 
load of 500 weigh over 1)4 tons. 
Sizes of Slates, 
in. in. I in. in. 

Empress... ..... 26 x 16 Ladies 16 x 10 

Small.. 26 X 14i " Small 16 x 8 

Princesses 24 x 14 ; " Large 14 X 12 

Duchesses 24x12 " " 14 X 8 

Marchionesses.. 22 x 12 Plantations 13 x 11 

" Small 22 X 11 Doubles 13 x 10 

Countesses 20x10 " 13 x 7 

" Wide 20X12 Smalls 12 x 8 

Viscountesses.. 18 X 10 " 12 x 6 

" Small 18x 9| " 11x5* 

Water. 

Cubic inch = .0361 lbs. 

GaUon = 10.0000 " 

Cubic foot = 62-3-210 lb. or 6-2321 gallons, 
35- 943 cubic feet (210 gallons) = 1 ton. 

The gaUon is — 277^ cubic inches = 0-16 cubic 
feet, = 10 lb. distilled water. 

Water for Ships: Ton 210 gals., Butt 110, 
Puncheon 72, Barrel 36, Ealderkin 18. 
Cisterns, 1 cubic foot, is equal to about 6*4 g'al- 

lons, or 62-321 lb. A Cistern 4 feet by 2}4 and 

3 deep wiU hold about 187 gallons, and weigh 

nearlv 16 cwt.in addition to its own weight. 

The Xo. 3 Xavy Tank is 49 in. long, 49 in. 
broad and 49 in. deep : it holds 400 gals, of 
Water, weighing 1 ton 9)4 cwt., in addition to 
the tank itself (6 cwt. 3 qrs. 25 lbs.). 

A TON WEIGHT OF THE FOLLOWING WILL 
AVERAGE IN CUBIC FEET. 

Earth 21 Coal, Newcastle 43 

Clay 18 Pit Sand 22 

Chalk 14 River ditto 19 

Thames ballast 20 Marl 18 

Coai'se gravel 19 Shingle 23 

Coal, Welsh 40 Night SoU 18 

A cubic foot of pure gold weighs 1,210 lb., pure 
silver 6.55 lb., cast iron 450 lb., copper o50 lb., 
lead 710 lb., pure platiaum 1,220 lb., tin 456 
lb. 

Old Scotcli Measures. 
Liquids. 

4 GlLLs... = 1 Mutchkin. 2 Pints = 1 Quart. 

2 Mutchkins - 1 Chop- 4 Quarts.... = 1 Gallon, 
pin. 8 Gallons.... = 1 Barrel. 
2 Choppins = 1 Pmt. | 



Corn Measure. 



4 Lippics = 1 Peck. 
4 Pecks.. = 1 Firlot. 



I 4 Firlots = 1 Boll. 

I 16 BoUs = 1 Chalder. 



Old Scotcli Weights. 

16 Drops 1 Ounce, 16 Ouuces 1 Pound, 16 Pounds 
1 Stone. 



Almanaclc, 1891. 



CHARGES, TAXES, AND WORKINGS. 

(Copyrighted, 1S91, mj Richards <£ Co.) 



Condensed Table of Charges for Applications for Special Grants in countries whicli 
liave no patent law, but which grant protection by way of special Legislative Act. 

Country. Cost of Grant. 

Hayti 400 00 

Honduras 400 00 

Lagos 200 00 

Nicaragua 300 00 



Country. Cost of Grant. 
Bermuda $400 00 

Channel Islands je'isey'T '.'.'.:::'. 75 00 

China, Empire 225 00 

Costa Rica. 800 00 

Falkland Islands 150 00 

Gambia (British) 200 00 

Gibraltar 175 00 

Gold Coast Colony 200 00 

Greece 250 to 2,500 00 

Grenada 150 00 



Paraguay 400 00 

St. Lucia 175 00 

St. Vincent ' 150 00 

San Domingo , . . 400 00 

San Salvador 300 00 

Sierra Leone 200 00 



245 91 



